2017届高考英语一轮复习基础巩固学案：Unit 1《Plant World》（重大版必修4）

　　Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．straight /streIt/ adj.直的；整齐的；诚实的 2．slim /slIm/ adj.纤细的；苗条的 3．cool /kuːl/ vt./vi.冷却；(使)变冷；adj.凉爽的；冷静的 4．worldwide /wɜːldwaId/ adv.世界各地地；adj.遍及全世界的 5．proverb /prɒvɜːb/ n．谚语；格言 6．trap /træp/ n．陷阱；圈套；vt.困住；使陷入陷阱中 7．prisoner /prIznə/ n．囚犯，犯人→prison n．监狱 8．loveliness /lʌvlInIs/ n．美丽；迷人→lovely adj.美丽的；可爱的；令人愉快的 9．float /flət/ vi./vt.浮动，漂浮；散播→floating adj.漂浮的；不固定的 10．hanging /hæŋIŋ/ adj.悬垂的，垂下的→hang vt/vi.悬挂；漂浮 11．sticky /stIkI/ adj.粘的，粘性的→stick n．棍，手杖；vi.坚持；伸出；粘贴 12．drown /dran/ vi./vt.淹死；沉没→drowning adj.溺水的→drowned adj.淹死的 .重点短语识记 1．in all总共 2．come up成长，生长 3．do with处理；利用 4．cut down砍倒 5．put...into...使……进入……；把……放入…… 6. take out拿出，取出；去掉 7．get ready准备好做…… 8．a great many很多 9．hang up把……挂起来；挂断 10. fall into落入，陷入 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．It grows up straight and thin，with branches at the top. 它长得笔直修长，顶端长着枝叶。 2．It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它长长的叶子在风中摇摆，就好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么。 3．But the most interesting thing about this remarkable plant is what people do with it after it is cut down. 但是这种不可思议的植物最让人感兴趣的是人们把它砍倒之后对它的利用。 4．In warm countries，many people have their houses made almost entirely of bamboo，the walls，the roof，and the floor. 在气候温暖的国家，他们的房子几乎完全由竹子制成，包括墙面、屋顶和地板。　 1．It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.(hanging) 2．The drowning child was crying out for help.(drown) 3．On several occasions she had remarked on the boy’s improvement.(remarkable) 4．The cat sat in front of him，its tail stretched out straight.(straight) 5．He looks old and walks with a stick.(sticky) 6．The garden of this lovely mansion is also well worth a visit.(loveliness) 　 1straight adj.连续的；笔直的direct；正直的honest；整齐的；adv.直接地；不断地；立即at once；坦率地；n.直；直线 go straight直走；改过自新 straight ahead一直向前 stand straight直立 straighten把……弄直；整理 Drive straight ahead，and then you will see a sign to the expressway. 直行你就会看见指示你开往高速公路的路标。夯实基础 (1)单句改错 After school，he walked straightly back home.straightly→straight (2)—Could you tell me the way to the nearest post office? —Sure.Go straight ahead(向前直行) and take the second turn on the right and you’ll see the building. 2 set/lay a trap for设下圈套 be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱 be trapped in 被困在…… trap sb.into doing...诱骗某人做…… She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。 She was trapped in the burning house at that moment. 当时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。夯实基础 (1)He fell into/was caught in a trap(陷入) of poverty. (2)Were you just trying to trap her into making(诱骗她作出) a mistaken decision? 3 drown...in...埋头于……，专心于……，在……中浸泡…… be drowned in...埋头于……，沉浸在…… drowning adj.快要淹死的；n.溺水 Last night a boy was drowned in the river. 昨晚一名男孩在河里溺亡了。 The conversation was drowned by the arrival of the taxi.到来的出租车的声音压过了谈话的声音。特别提醒要表示某人被淹死，用主动语态和被动语态均可，但以被动语态为普遍。 He (was) drowned while trying to swim across a river.他在试图游过一条河时淹死了。 夯实基础同义句改写 He was drowned in doing his homework and didn’t notice Tom coming. (1)He drowned himself in doing his homework and didn’t notice Tom coming.(用drown oneself in改写句子) (2)Drowned in doing his homework，he didn’t notice Tom coming.(用drown的过去分词短语作状语改写句子) (3)Drowning himself in his homework，he didn’t notice Tom coming.(用drown的现在分词短语作状语改写句子) Ⅰ.单项填空 1．The police set a to catch the thieves. A．plan B．device C．trap D．trick 答案　C 解析　句意为：警方设下圈套捉拿窃贼。set a trap设下圈套。 2．I felt by my marriage. A．trap B．trapping C．trapped D．to trap 答案　C 解析　句意为：我感到自己被困在婚姻之中。从句意来看，主语I 和trap之间为被动关系，故用过去分词表示。 3．Three students while saving the boys. A．got drown；drowning B．got drowned；drowning C．were drowned；drowned D．were drowning；drowning 答案　B 解析　句意为：三名学生在救落水的孩子时溺水身亡。get drowned被淹死；第二空用现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行。 .汉译英他累得走都走不直了。(straight) He was too tired to walk straight. 1．Sometimes you see a figure，but when you come up to it，it’s nothing. 2．Everybody packed their bags and got ready to go home. 3．They found a way to do with the question. 4．Can nuclear weapons fall into the wrong hands? 5．Many trees were cut down to make room for the new road. 1 above all最重要的是 at all根本；全然 after all毕竟；终究；到底 all in all总而言之 for/with all尽管 There were a hundred persons present in all. 共计有100人参加。 All in all，you cannot be satisfied enough to get it. 总而言之，得到它你是再满意不过了。夯实基础用含有all的短语填空 (1)Children need many things；above all，they need love from their parents. (2)In all,24 people were found guilty. (3)What is personal development after all? (4)There was only one who did not look at all unhappy. 2come up走近(come over)；上来；发生(happen)；出现(appear)；被提及/讨论(bementioned)；长出地面，发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起；被提出 come up with提出；追上 come about发生 come across偶然碰到 come along跟着；前来；参加 come out出版；开花；发芽 A question came up at the meeting. 在会上提出了一个问题。 I’ll let you know if anything comes up. 如果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。夯实基础 用含有come的短语填空 (1)The sky was dark blue when the moon came up. (2)I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. (3)Your most recent book came out last year. (4)Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own. 3 fall into the habit of养成……习惯 fall behind落后 fall asleep入睡 fall in love with爱上 fall ill生病 My talk falls naturally into three parts. 我的谈话可以自然分成三个部分。 She fell ill after she got caught in the heavy rain. 她淋了大雨，生病了。夯实基础 (1)He fell into the habit of(养成了……的习惯) going there every Saturday evening，when he was in London. (2)He was so tired that he sat down and fell asleep(睡着了)． Ⅰ.单项填空 1．On seeing his friend coming out of the airport，he and greeted him warmly. A．came up B．made up C．took up D．put up 答案　A 解析　句意为：一看到朋友从机场出来，他走上前去热烈欢迎。come up走上前，符合句意。 2．While the husband computer games，his wife asleep. A．play；was falling B．was playing；fell C．was playing；was falling D．play；fell 答案　B 解析　while意为“正当……时”，引导的从句要用进行时态；又因fall asleep为瞬间性动词短语，不能用进行时，故选B项。 3．Why are you so anxious？It isn’t your problem . A．on purpose B．in all C．on time D．after all 答案　D 解析　句意为：你为什么那么紧张？毕竟那不是你的问题。after all毕竟，符合句意。 .汉译英我被派来负责安排你们这一天的所有活动。(take charge of)(2011·天津·书面表达) I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 　 (1)完成句子 This apple tastes good(很好吃)． The lady in white is a famous singer(是一位著名的歌唱家)． (2)用被动语态改写下列句子 The teacher made the students stay after school. The students were made to stay after school by the teacher. ②The students have invited us to a dance. We have been invited to a dance by the students. ③They will put off their wedding till next week. Their wedding will be put off till next week. all...not＝not all...部分否定，也称不完全否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示全部不变。 All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well. 我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。 Everything is not right.并非什么都好。夯实基础把下列部分否定的句子改为全部否定 (1)Not everything she did pleased him. Nothing she did pleased him. (2)Both of them are not my brothers. Neither of them is my brother. (3)I do not remember all the formulas. I remember none of the formulas. (4)She is not always excited. She is never excited. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．—Which of the two computer games did you prefer? —Actually I didn’t like . A．both of them B．either of them C．none of them D．neither of them 答案　B 解析　考查部分否定与全部否定。I didn’t like either of them相当于I liked neither of them，是完全否定，意为“我哪一个也不喜欢”。 2．Please remain until the film has come to an end. A．seated B．seating C．to seated D．seat 答案　A 解析　remain为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，seated为分词形容词，作remain的表语。 .汉译英毕竟，所有的孩子更喜欢被表扬而不是被批评。(prefer to do...rather than do...)(2010·广东·读写任务) After all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded. 　 1．Would you like to with us to the film tonight？(2017·新课标全国，2) A．come along B．come off C．come across D．come through 答案　A 解析　句意为：今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？come along出现，参加，跟着来，符合句意。come off举行，发生，能被去掉；come across(偶然)发现，遇见；come through(消息等)传达，安然度过(危险、困难等)。 2．Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost of her enthusiasm for life.(2017·陕西，22) A．some B．neither C．none D．all 答案　C 解析　句意为：尽管Rosemary多年来遭受严重的疾病折磨，但是她从没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可以将A、D两项排除。neither表示“(两者)都不”，而none可以表示“(数量上)没有”。 3．The letters for the boss on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.(2017·天津，2) A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 答案　A 解析　句意为：给老板的那些信被放在了桌子上，但直到三天后他才读的。根据but后的“didn’t read”可知老板读信是发生在过去，所以信被放到桌子上应该发生在“读信”之前，也是过去的动作，与现在无关，所以排除D项；the letters与put之间为被动关系，故排除C项；而且the letters作主语，是复数，可排除B项。所以答案为A项。 4．All visitors to this village with kindness.(2011·四川，9) A．treat B．are treated C．are treating D．had been treated 答案　B 解析　句意为：所有到这个村庄的游客都受到了友好的招待。treat为一般现在时的主动语态；are treated为一般现在时的被动语态；are treating为现在进行时的主动语态；had been treated为过去完成时的被动语态。句子主语all visitors与谓语动词treat之间为被动关系。结合语境可确定用一般现在时的被动语态。 5．Linda，make sure the tables before the guests arrive. (2010·大纲全国，15) A．be set B．set C．are set D．are setting 答案　C 解析　句意为：Linda，确保桌子在客人们到达前摆好。桌子是被摆好，故用被动语态。 6．When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she sounded weak，but by the time we up，her voice had been full of life.(2009·北京，30) A．were hanging B．had hung C．hung D．would hang 答案　C 解析　hang up的动作应发生在had been full of life之后，故应用一般过去时表示。 　 .单项填空 1. —Would you please lend me some money? — .I was not born with a silver spoon in my mouth. A．No problem B．Out of question C．Without question D．No way 答案　D 解析　考查交际用语。根据后句的“我不是生于富贵之家”可知选no way(决不)。 2．—Hi，Mike! Nice to meet you. —Oh，Jack，aren’ t you? It’ s surprising.I I would meet you here. A．didn’t think B．never think C．hadn’ t think D．won’ t think 答案　A 解析　考查时态。根据语境，应该是指“我”之前没有想到，故用一般过去时。 3．The girl had hardly rung the bell the door opened suddenly，and a birthday party was waiting for her. A．until B．since C．when D．after 答案　C 解析　考查固定句式hardly...when...“一……就……”。 4．—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. —Perhaps，you it in the wrong place. A．must have put B．should have put C．can have put D．might have put 答案　D 解析　考查情态动词。might have done常用于推测过去的行为，表示“可能已经”，符合语境。 5．Babies’ health is much more likely to be affected if parent smokes. A．both B．none C．neither D．either 答案　D 解析　考查代词。句意为：如果婴儿的父母亲中有一个吸烟的话，其健康就很可能受影响。根据parent的形式可判断出选D项，either两者中任何一个。 6． many times，but he still didn’t understand it. A．Having been told B．Though he was told C．To have been told D．He was told 答案　D 解析　考查并列句。句意为：他被告诉过许多次，但是他仍然不明白。因为句中有并列连词but，所以选D项。 7．We have spotted the location， we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang. A．that B．what C．which D．where 答案　C 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格处引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C项。 8．Not all the boys like football. The sentence means . A．neither of the boys likes football B．none of the boys like football C．none of the boys don’t like football D．all the boys don’t like football 答案　D 解析　此题考查部分否定与完全否定的区别，由句意知此句表示部分否定，故选D项。 9． impressed the audience most was the magician Liu Qian played in this year’s Spring Gala. A．What；what B．What；that C．That；what D．That；that 答案　A 解析　第一空是引导主语从句的连词，用作主语，选what；第二空为引导表语从句的引导词，作play的宾语，选what。 10．—How long do you think it will be the Stock Market returns to normal? —At least one year，I guess. A．when B．before C．until D．that 答案　B 解析　it will be...before...要过……才……。 .完形填空 An Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa perhaps is the most interesting person I have ever met.Although I last met him eight years ago，I have not forgotten his 1 qualities. First of all，I was impressed by his 2 to teaching.His lectures were always well­prepared and clearly delivered，so students 3 into his classroom.His followers also appreciated the fact that he believed in 4 he taught and that he was always encouraging.He could be 5 in every class to explain his ideas in an imaginative way.Once he 6 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. Second，I admired him for the fact that he would 7 make friends with students.Sometimes he would 8 a student to join him in a game of chess.At other times，he would discuss subjects 9 from astronomy to diving with students.Many young people visited him in his office for academic advice；others came to his home for social evenings. Finally，I was attracted by his lively 10 of humor.He believed that no lesson is a success 11 ，during it，the students and the professor share at least one loud laugh.If it is true that life makes a wise man 12 and a foolish man cry，then my friend is truly a wise man. 1． A.common B．special C．basic D．funny 答案　B 解析　common普通的；special特别的；basic基础的；funny滑稽的。根据下文对教授的回忆可知，“我”无法忘记他特别的品质。故B项正确。 2． A.attention B．production C．devotion D．determination 答案　C 解析　attention注意；production成果，作品；devotion热爱，奉献；determination决心。根据下文“His lectures were always well­prepared and clearly delivered”可推知，他热爱教育。故C项正确。 3． A.crowded B．flew C．slipped D．jumped 答案　A 解析　crowd拥挤；fly飞；slip滑倒；jump跳。由于他的课程准备充分，表达清晰，因此他的课堂坐满了学生。故A项正确。 4． A.that B．which C．what D．when 答案　C 解析　空格处作believed in的宾语，故用what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，故C项正确。 5． A.expected B．told C．ordered D．recommended 答案　A 解析　expect预料，盼望；tell告诉；order命令；recommend推荐。联系上文可知，大家都期望着他能用富于想像的方式来解释他的观点。故A项正确。 6． A.only B．also C．nearly D．even 答案　D 解析　根据语境可知，有一次他甚至在课堂上唱歌来解释清楚自己的看法。故D项正确。 7． A.hardly B．frequently C．easily D．patiently 答案　C 解析　hardly几乎不；frequently频繁地；easily容易地；patiently耐心地。根据第三段对教授和学生之间的生活片段的回忆，说明教授能轻松地和学生交友，并和他们友好相处。故C项正确。 8． A.force B．challenge C．drive D．beg 答案　B 解析　force促使，强迫；challenge 挑战；drive开车；beg乞求。根据空格后“join him in a game of chess”可知，他向学生发出挑战。故B项正确。 9． A.spoken B．remaining C．written D．ranging 答案　D 解析　根据下文“from astronomy to diving with students”可知，他们的讨论话题很广泛，从天文学到跳水。range...from...为固定搭配，意为“(在……范围内)变动，变化”。故D项正确。 10．A.feeling B．manner C．hobby D．sense 答案　D 解析　feeling感情；manner方式，习惯；hobby爱好；sense感觉，理智。此处指教授富有幽默感，a sense of humor幽默感，为固定用法。故D项正确。 11．A.unless B．if C．while D．until 答案　A 解析　根据语境可知，他坚信在一堂课上，教授和学生应该至少有一次快乐的笑声，否则那堂课就不算成功。unless除非，如果不，符合语境。故A项正确。 12．A.develop B．reason C．smile D．think 答案　C 解析　develop发展；reason说服；smile微笑；think思考。由“and a foolish man cry”可知，生活会让智者微笑，让傻子哭泣。故C项正确。 .阅读理解 As an airport baggage handler checked through a customer at the roadside，he accidentally knocked over the man’s luggage.He quickly collected the fallen bags and apologized for his mistake.Unappeased(不满足)，the traveler burst into anger，shouting at the baggage handler for his carelessness. The baggage handler calmly apologized and smiled all the time.The customer continued to berate(痛斥) the man，even as he turned away and headed for his gate.Through it all the baggage handler smiled and remained calm. The next customer in line witnessed the incident and admired the baggage handler’s professionalism and self­control.“I have never seen such restraint and humility，” he said.“How do you keep your cool when somebody is attacking you so viciously？” “It’s easy，” the baggage handler answered.“He’s going to London，but his bags are going to Tokyo.” I won’t recommend that we use revenge to relieve stress.But let me tell you about one of my friends who has found a way to go through most of his life unaffected by the turbulence that disturbs most people. He is one of the calmest people I’ve ever known and he describes how he keeps his cool no matter how turbulent a situation becomes.He says，“I look at it this way.A traffic jam has no power to make me angry.It just stops my car.And that’s the way I try to look at most of what happens to me.” With that philosophy，this guy goes through life with a calmness I can only envy. My friend likes to say things like，“A rude customer has no power to make me angry；he just fusses.” And，“A mistake I made has no power to make me upset；it’s just a chance to do better.” He shows how we can truly find calmness in the midst of chaos. 1．The airport baggage handler remained calm during the customer’s berating because . A．he was good at self­control B．he wanted to show his professionalism C．he wanted to revenge the customer D．he knew well the airport rules 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由文章第四段行李员的回答可知，他故意把对他大喊大叫的旅客的行李发到了东京，显然是为了报复对方，故选C项。 2．What is the author’s attitude towards the baggage handler? A．Appreciative. B．Disapproving. C．Concerned. D．Sympathetic. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段第一句可知，作者并不赞同行李员的做法，故选B项。 3．Why does the author tell us about his friend? A．To tell us what is true calmness. B．To explain a special philosophy. C．To show his envy to the friend. D．To advise us to have good manners. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章后两段和最后一句可知，作者的朋友无论在什么情况下都能保持镇静，由此可推知，作者想通过朋友的例子说明什么是真正的镇静。 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．A Clever Baggage Handler B．Restraint and Humility in Life C．A Philosophy for Everyone D．Calmness in Chaos 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。综合分析全文，作者通过两个例子讲述了什么才是真正的处于混乱局面中的镇静，因此D项为文章的标题最佳。 .写作素材(关于植物描写) 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用as引导的定语从句，besides等连接词。 1．众所周知，竹子有很多用途。 As we all know，bamboo has a lot of uses. 2．竹子可用来编制花瓶、鸟笼。 It can be used to knit the vases and birdcages. 3．竹子的茎可用来制作拐杖、钓鱼竿或其他建筑材料。 Its stem can be used to make a walking stick，fishing pole or other building materials. 4．竹笋可食用，并可制作成罐头出口到世界各地。 Bamboo shoots are edible，and can be made into cans exported to the whole world. 5．而且，竹笋是大熊猫最喜欢的食物。 Besides，bamboo shoots are pandas’ favorite food.