2017届高考英语一轮复习同步训练：必修3 Unit 4《Astronomy：the science of the stars》（新人教版含答案）

　　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　【热点话题】(科普知识与现代技术)知识与人类文明体裁：说明文写作思路：科技的发展对人类文明的贡献——学习知识的重要性【美文诵读】roadening_of_human_

　　knowledge② we know more and more about the world we are living in.Human beings use their knowledge to change the environment，utilize the natural resources，and create a fine world which is suitable for mankind.

　　As college students，we should learn as many kinds of knowledge as possible during our stay at the university.Without sufficient knowledge，we can't_meet_the_future_needs③ and can't be what_we_are_expected_to_be.④ We are_required_to_do⑤ as much as we can to improve human life and society as well.【学海拾贝】按要求完成或翻译下列句子。人类文明是科技发展的结果。he development of science and technology.

　　2．随着经济的发展中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。我们必须拓宽这座桥以满足将来的需要。_the_future_needs．他辜负了大家的期待。人们要求青年尽可能多地掌握知识。

　　Ⅰ.按要求写出下列单词大气层 ．人造卫星 ．不同不像 气候 ．地心引力重力 ．理论 ．碰撞坠落 ．宇宙飞船 ．链子锁链 ．碳 ．暴力的猛烈的 暴力 ．暴力地猛烈地 adv生存 ．生存 ．伤害损害 ．有害的 无害的 生物学 ．gy

　　生物学家 ．宗教 ．宗教的

　　用所给单词的适当形式填空。isted it was harmless．(harm)(exist)

　　3．He is very systematic．For example，the lifting device he made is a system of ropes and pulleys.(system)

　　4．A global tour means travelling all around the globe．(globe)

　　5．The use of violence against the attackers led to more violent clashes.(violently)

　　Ⅱ.翻译下列短语及时；终于in_time下蛋lay_eggs高兴；振奋cheer_up轮流；逐个in_turn爆发break_out阻止prevent...from既然 now_that以 begin_with

　　9．四面八方 in_all_directions冷却cool_down

　　选用上述短语完成下列短文。(1) began_with a common but interesting phenomenon.One day he saw a dog (2) gave_birth_to a litter of puppies.He (3) cheered for the birth of the puppies but wondered why dogs didn't (4) lay_eggs like hens before they brought life to the world.His interest made him a famous zoologist.

　　Ⅲ.重点句型1．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to begin to develop.(p.26)

　　这就产生了一系列的反应使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

　　主语＋动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式/从句或动名词作形式宾语不定式或从句作真正宾语。目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。[模仿造句]用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)因特The Internet has made_it_possible_for_us_to_get_to_know what happens around the world in much less time.

　　(2)这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。(3)这座桥使我们很方便过河。The_bridge_made_it_quite_convenient_for_us_to_cross_the_

　　river.

　　2．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(p.26)

　　所以

　　whether...depends on whether...

　　……是否……取决于是否……[模仿造句]用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)我们是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。(2)我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。ether_he_loves_me.

　　3．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(p.31)

　　而当我试着向前迈步的时候我发觉我被送出去很远步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍因而我摔倒了。

　　倍数的表达方式：＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”表示“A是B的多少倍”。＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”。表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width＋＋B”表示“A是B的多少倍”。mes longer than that one.

　　This river is four times as long as that one.

　　This river is four times the length of that one.

　　这条河比那条河长三倍。(这条河的长度是那条河的四倍。)[模仿造句]请用三种方法翻译下列句子。我的房间是你房间的三倍大。(1)My_room_is_three_times_as_large_as_yours.

　　(2)My_room_is_twice_larger_than_yours.

　　(3)My_room_is_three_times_the_size_of_yours.

　　用上述句型翻译下列小片段。当我们听说我们生产的水稻是上一年的两倍时我们都高兴得跳起来。我们知道是每个人的努力工作才使得我们能生产这么多水稻。我们也知道来年能否做得更好取决于我们是否继续努力。When_we_heard_that_we_produced_twice_as_much_rice_as_we_did_the_year_before，we_were_so_glad_that_we_jumped_with

　　_great_joy.We_knew_that_it_was_everybody's_hard_work_that_made_it_possible_for_us_to_produce_so_much_rice.We_also_knew_whether_we_could_do_better_in_the_coming_year_depended_on_whether_we_would_keep_on_trying_our_best.

　　阅读理解解题技巧

　　扫读指的是在阅读过程中只迅速浏览文章每段的大意以获取对文章的总体把握。扫读的方法有：读文章的标题和副标题；读文章简介或文章的第一段；读每段的首、尾句；关注文中所附图片、图表；注意斜体字和黑体字；读文章最后的小结。如：请阅读下面短文特别关注每段的首句。 you want to know after you've read it?

　　Once you know your purpose，you can examine the resource to see whether it's going to help you.For example，with a book，an easy way of doing this is to look at the introduction and the chapter headings.The introduction should let you know who the book is intended for，and what it covers.Chapter headings will give you an overall view of the structure of the subject.

　　Ask yourself whether the resource meets your needs，and try to work out if it will give you the right amount of knowledge.If you think that the resource isn't ideal，don't waste time reading it.

　　Remember that this also applies to content that you subscribe to，such as journals or magazines－don't be afraid to prune these resources if you are not getting value from some publishers.现在重读一遍上文这次只读每段的第一句。请读下面的四句话： your needs，and try to work out if it will give you the right amount of knowledge.

　　Remember that this also applies to content that you subscribe to，such as...

　　其实只需要读这四句话(每个段落的第一句)你就已经知道了本文的大意。

　　阅读下列这些段落找出每段的主题句或中心思想。ferent_styles_of_reading_for_different_situations．The technique you choose will depend on the purpose of reading.For exampleing on your purpose.

　　2．Skimming_is_used_to_quickly_identify_the_main_idea_of_a_text.When you read the newspaper，you're probably not reading it word by word，instead you're scanning the text.Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading.People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest to you.

　　3．There_are_many_strategies_that_can_be_used_when_skimming.Consider reading the first sentence of each paragraph.This technique is useful when you're seeking specific information rather than reading for comprehension.Skimming works well to find dates，names and places.It might be used to review graphs，tables and charts.

　　寻读(scanning)是一种“定位式”阅读。在阅读过程中读者带着特定的目的迅速“跳跃式”阅读了解与特定信息相关的内容。常用的寻读方法有：确定你要找到的特定信息；预测特定信息可能出现的特定区域；寻找与特定信息有关的线索；借助小标题定位特定信息所在的区域有选择地跳读全文。建议：要想提高阅读理解答题准确率同学们最好先扫读(skimming)再带着特定问题寻读(scanning)特定信

　　请阅读下面短文并用寻读的方式做后面的练习。rotests Brazil has seen for decades are taking place in its streets.Many of them are happening outside the soccer stadiums. Brazil is currently hosting the confederation cup—a FIFA World Cup test event. While Brazil's team beat Mexico 2­0 on Tuesday night, thousands of protesters were in protesting around Brazil at the same time. They are unhappy with many things about life in the country.They protest started last week in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo because of an increase in bus fares.They soon spread across the country. People are also angry about the cost of the 2017 World Cup，poor public services and corruption.

　　Protests across the country are getting bigger and bigger. The police are taking tougher actions to control the crowds. Police use rubber bullets，tear gas and beatings, which have made the people angrier.Many of the protesters want the government to spend more money on health and education and less on the World Cup.

　　1．How big are the protests?

　　A．Bigger than some, smaller than most.

　　B．Averaged sized.

　　C．The biggest in decades.

　　D．The biggest in 2017.

　　2．What kind of bullets are the police using?

　　A．SteelB．Rubberd bridges

　　C．Sports

　　D．Education and health

　　答案：1～3　CBD

　　第一节　阅读理解

　　阅读下面的短文从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。A

　　(2015·天津卷)One day when I was 12y mother gave me an order：I was to walk to the public library the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle.the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer，but one morning，he was gone，given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.

　　There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的) to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the titlewere turned slowly，I got the main idea of the story about a dog who，like mine，had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog，and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story，my mind continued the final scene of reunion，on and on，until my own lost dog and I were，in my mind，running together.

　　My mother's call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something：I had read a bookand I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.

　　I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summeryears later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.

　　1．The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to________． read it.

　　B．He identified with the story in the book.

　　C．The book told the story of his pet dog.

　　D．The happy ending of the story attracted him.

　　3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A．The author has become a successful writer.

　　B．The author's mother read the same book.

　　C．The author's mother rewarded him with books.

　　D．The author has had happy summers ever since.

　　4．Which one could be the best title of the passage?

　　A．The Charm of a Book

　　B．Mum's Strict Order

　　C．Reunion with My Beagle

　　D．My Passion for Reading

　　语篇解读：本文为记叙文题材为人物故事类。12岁时作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能阅读的问题要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是这次图书馆之行改变了作者之后作者读书越来越多成绩越来越好多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。解析：事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句可知作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器故C项正确。答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知作者读了这本书因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自己的经历相似他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自已养过的那只小猎兔狗想象着和它重逢的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这本书看完就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...was awarded a PhD in literature可知作者被授予文学博士学位写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说故A项“他成为了一名成功的作家”正确。答案：A解析：主旨大意题。通过作者的经历A项“一本书的魅力”符合文章大意。答案：AB

　　(2015·课标全国Ⅱ卷)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.

　　Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self­conscious(难为情) when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window lighte room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint, go blue.

　　Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume

　　about

　　70

　　fewer

　　calories (卡路里) per

　　meal

　　than

　　those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.

　　Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total

　　intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about

　　30 percent

　　more liquid

　　into a short5．The text is especially helpful for those who care about________.

　　A．their home comforts　 B．their body shape________． appetites

　　7．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?

　　A．Eat quickly.

　　B．Play fast music.

　　C．Use smaller spoons.

　　D．Turn down the lights.

　　8．What can be a suitable title for the text?

　　A．Is Your House Making You Fat?

　　B．Ways of Serving Dinner

　　C．Effects of Self­Consciousness

　　D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?

　　语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行饮食调节的方法。解析：事实细节题。根据文章第一句和第二句可知本文的阅读对象主要是那些关心自己体形的人。故选B项。答案：B解析：事实细节题。根据文章第三段第三句话可知研究发现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。故选B。答案：B解析：事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第四句话可知我们使用大的汤14%。故选C。答案：C解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法。故选A。答案：A第二节　完形填空阅读下面的短文掌握其大意然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。____1____ a little girl leaning against the building.She was so ____2____ that when I looked at her，she would look down.I made a point of smiling at her every day and ____3____ I won her trust.

　　On the last day of school she gave me a ____4____．There was a small chip(小缺口) on the right ear of the glass dog.I transferred to another school the next year____5____ I never saw Amelia again.Several years later I moved away to another district.I didn't notice the glass dog was ____6____ until I finished unpacking.Thereafter，I kept trying every means to ____7____ it.

　　A few years later，on my way out

　　of town

　　to

　　attend a ____8____，I stopped at a small antique shop.I described it to the ____9____ and asked if she had ever seen one like that.She told me she had seen something ____10____ in a box. When I held it，____11____ filled my eyes.When I looked more ____12____．I saw a small chip on the right ear.I knew it was the glass dog that Amelia had given me.____13____，so I arrived at the lecture hall early.I talked with a young woman and ____14____ we both had once lived in the same ____15____．I told her about the glass dog and ____16____ it to her.She picked it up and criedt little girl.”____17____，I looked into her dark eyes and recognized her.She recalled that time in her ____18____．“I had a hard time ____19____ to school and learning English when I came here from Mexico.You were the first person at school who made me feel ____20____．”

　　D．eventuallyprecious

　　7．A.design

　　B．protect

　　C．repair

　　D．find

　　8．A.lecture

　　B．funeral

　　C．concert

　　D．meeting

　　9．A.educator

　　B．salesman

　　C．doctor

　　D．employer

　　10．A.creative

　　B．classical

　　D．heavyunately

　　B．Excitedly语篇解读：本文讲述了作者的玻璃狗失而复得的故事。一个小小的礼物能让人感觉到温暖和深深的牵挂。解析：根据下文“a little girl leaning against the building”可知作者在小学上班的时候留意到一答案：B解析：由下文“she would look down”可推知小女孩低下头说明她感到害羞。答案：A解析：下文讲到小女孩送给作者玻璃狗说明作者最终得到了她的信任。答案：D解析：根据上下文可知小女孩送给作者一只玻璃狗作答案：B解析：上文提到作者转到了另一所学校就再也没有见过那个小女孩了。前后两句为因果关系故选A项。答案：A解析：上文提到搬家下一段讲述玻璃狗失而复得可推知作者的玻璃狗不见了。答案：C解析：根据第三段最后一句可推知作者一直在答案：D解析：根据第四段的“I arrived at the lecture hall”可知作者是去参加一个讲座。答案：A解析：根据上文“I stopped at a small antique shop”可知作者到一个古董店去询问销售员玻璃狗的下落。答案：B解析：由本段最后一句可推知这里指那个销售员见过一个类似的玻璃狗。答案：D解析：当作者找到玻璃狗时她应该是激动地哭了故填tears。答案：A解析：根据下文“I saw a small chip on the right ear”可知当作者将玻璃狗拿近仔细看的时候她发现玻答案：C解析：根据下文“I arrived at the lecture hall early”可知由于交通畅通所以作者早早地来到了演讲大厅。答案：A解析：根据第二段“I moved away to another district”可知作者和这位年轻的女士交谈的时候discovered)她们曾经住在同一地区(area)。答案：B解析：根据下文“She picked it up”可知作者将玻璃狗拿给那位女士看。答案：C解析：fortunately“幸运地”；excitedly“激动地”；disappointedly“失望地”；humorously“幽默地”。得知那位女士就是当年B项。答案：B解析：由下文可知那位年轻的女士在回忆自己的童年。答案：A解析：根据下文“I came here from Mexico”可知小女孩来自墨西哥所以需要适应新学校的生活。答案：C解析：结合答案：D第三节　语法填空阅读下面材料在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。________ (know) as one of the most important poets in English literature.Some of his poems，like Ozymandias and Ode to the West Wind，are listed in 2.________(famous)poems in England.

　　Shelley was born in Horsham，Sussex.He was the son of a member of Parliament.He attended the University of Oxford at the age of 17 3.________ he was not popular with his classmates and teachers for being an atheist(无神论者).4.________(final)________(make) trips in Europe.After his first wife's 6.________(die)，Shelley married Mary Godwin.She later became as famous as Shelley and she was 7.________ author of the novel Frankenstein.

　　Shelley left England and spent much of his life 8.________(travel) in Europe，especially in Italy.He became a close friend 9.________ the poet Lord Byron，who also left England and traveled in Europe because of argument at home.Shelley kept writing poetry throughout this time.

　　About a month before his thirtieth birthday，Shelley died in a boating accident.After his funeral，his ashes were buried in Rome，a perfect resting place 10.________(think) by Shelley.

　　语篇解读：本文讲述了英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱富有传奇色彩的一生。解析：考查动词。根据句意雪莱被称答案：is known解析：考查形容词。根据句意他的一些诗例如Ozymandias和Ode to the West Wind被列入英国最著名的诗歌。故用形容词最高级。答案：the most famous解析：考查连词。根据句意他在十七岁时上了牛津大学但是由于他是无神论者答案：but解析：考查副词。根据句意最后他被大学开除了。答案：Finally解析：考查动词。动词不定式短语作目的状语。答案：to make解析：考查名词。根据句意在第一任妻子死亡之后此处需要死亡的名词形式death。答案：death解析：考查冠词。特指小说Frankenstein的作者故用定冠词the。答案：the解析：考查动词。根据结构spend...(in)doing sth.故用动名词形式。答案：traveling解析：考查of表示“……的”。答案：of解析：考查动词。place与think之间是动宾关系故用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案：thought第四节　短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处多者(从第11处起)不计分。o accompany her in the hospital for a few day.I sincerely hope something will go well and that you can have happy birthday party.By the way，I have sent to you the latest CD of Jay Chou as a birthday gift.I know you are a fan of Jay Chou and I hope he will enjoy it.

　　I am looking forward to see you soon.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　答案：