九、甘地的和平主义
Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definite technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhis attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of nonviolent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to passive resistance as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujuruti, it seems the word means firmness in the truth. In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely renounced violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, indeed, he did not take the fruitless and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer is: What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated?I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the youre another type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and his answer was on record in Mr. Louis Fishers Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fisher, Gandhis view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.
答案
46.其动机是宗教性质的,但他也说这是一种明显的技巧,一种方法,它可以产生预期的政治效果。
47.这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法,最早起源于南非,是一种非暴力的斗争方式,用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。
48.早年间,在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架,而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。
49.而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度,假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样,因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。
50.我必须说,我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复,但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词,通常都是你是另外一回事之类的回答。
总体分析
本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处:首先,他虽然反对暴力,但并不否认战争的立场;其次,他不躲避回答棘手的问题。
本文考查的知识点:后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句等。
相似词语辨析【62】emerge和immerge
相似词语辨析【33】by/for/in/of oneself
相似词语辨析【31】by all means和by no means
相似词语辨析【27】believe和believe in
相似词语辨析【60】eatable和edible
相似词语辨析【43】consist in和consist of
相似词语辨析【46】dare(普通动词)和dare(情态动词)
相似词语辨析【26】Be off和to be off
相似词语辨析【67】exceptionable,exceptional
相似词语辨析【50】despite和in spite of
相似词语辨析【54】discover和invent
相似词语辨析【48】decease和disease
相似词语辨析【39】close和near
相似词语辨析【40】clothes和clothing
相似词语辨析【25】be going to和will
相似词语辨析【32】by name和in name
相似词语辨析【29】breath和breathe
相似词语辨析【68】exhausting,exhaustive
相似词语辨析【70】female,feminine
相似词语辨析【35】China和china
相似词语辨析【28】borrow和lend
相似词语辨析【64】English,the English
相似词语辨析【61】eligible和illegible
相似词语辨析【63】empty,vacant,hollow
相似词语辨析【71】first,firstly
相似词语辨析【49】decided和decisive
相似词语辨析【53】disarmed和unarmed
相似词语辨析【13】ante-和anti-
相似词语辨析【57】due to和owing to
相似词语辨析【58】during和for
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |