引言
在GRE笔试各项目中,阅读恐怕是大多数考生难以攻克的关卡。一般而言,考生如果有GRE单词的基础,解答类反填空题一定会奏效,然而对于阅读来说,仅靠单词是远远不够的,复杂冗长的句式通常会让大家望而生畏。那么,有什么方法可以帮助考生快速分解难句,理出清晰的脉络呢?
这里结合我在太傻多年从事考试培训工作所积累的经验,为大家介绍一种最直接、最有效的方法,即:关注信号词符(and, but, or, while等;which, that, where, when, whether等;标点符号),掌握固定搭配,判断并列关系,理清主从关系(修饰关系)。
众所周知,在我们学习英语之初,所接触的句子多为单句,如:I love apple. 后来,我们开始学习并列句,如:I love apple, and it is my favorite fruit. 接着,我们又学会了复合句,如:I love apple, which is my favorite fruit. 同时,我们还学习了众多形容词、副词、非谓语动词等等,各种修饰性词汇和结构都成为了我们丰富句子的好材料。事实上,ETS呈现给我们的阅读句子,就是这样一道由多重并列复合句、多种修饰成分混合而成的大餐。
下面我将结合例子,为大家做详细讲解。(以下句子摘自1990年10G的Section 4)请访问考试大网站http://www.233.com
1. Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work.
解析:此句信号语为逗号和and。两个逗号为我们清晰地划出了句子脉络。and前后分别连接moving和becoming两个分词结构。因此,很容易判断出此句为一个单句,包含起修饰作用的两个并列分词结构。
句意:近200年来,妇女的工作发生了巨大的变化,(办公场所)从家庭转变为办公室或工厂,继而主要从事白领工作。
2. It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced.
解析:此句信号语为that、and、who和which。It is frequently assumed that为固定搭配,即通常认为,我们把that后面的成分理解为主语从句的后置,it为形式主语。由and可以判断出两个on短语为并列结构。由who和which我们得知on短语的宾语又分别包含一个定语从句。
句意:通常认为,工作实现机械化后,无论是操作机器的人或是使用机器的社会,其生活都会深受影响。
3. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of dead-end jobs, thenceforth considered womens work.
解析:此句信号语为逗号、but和that。通过逗号,可以清晰地看出句子的几个意群。通过 that,则可以明确此句为it wasthat强调句型。but提示我们,在强调句中,强调的成分为notbut固定结构,重心在but之后。理出主要脉络之后,可以进一步确认各个修饰成分,如previously这个意群为插入语,thenceforth considered这个意群修饰jobs,起到补充说明的作用。
句意:到了19 世纪80年代,秘书工作之前被视为刚起步的管理者的学徒训练则与管理工作相剥离。于是就出现了一类新工作,一种没前途的工作,后来被视为妇女所从事的工作。这绝非办公技术变化的必然结果。
4. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding.
解析:此句信号语为逗号、冒号、while、which、that和and。逗号同样起到划分意群的作用。冒号的作用为解释说明,引起下文的并列结构。while分句与前半句是并列关系。which和that引导意群内部的定语从句。and则连接从句内部的并列谓语。
句意:但与工业革命前的情况相比,妇女的工作状况并发生质的变化,例如,目前仍根据性别分工,妇女工资总体偏低,工作技能要求不高,晋升机会很少,与此同时,她们仍要负责料理家务。
5. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
解析:此句信号语为and、that和逗号。由于标点符号较少,增加了分析的难度。首先判断出固定搭配lessthan,之后明确两个and分别连接with的并列介词宾语。that引导定语从句修饰marriage rates。逗号则让我们清晰地判断出插入语previously、in many cases。the only women为single women workers的同位语。
句意:到了 20 世纪,越来越多的家庭妇女参加了工作,其原因并不是实现了家务机械化,或闲得太无聊,而是经济所迫,再加上结婚率上升,可供雇用的单身女工越来越少。
以上几个句子由简而繁,由易而难。然而,只要广大考生能够找到分析句子的窍门,勤加练习,一定可以早日拿下GRE阅读复杂句这个难题!
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