一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。
(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型It is+段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止性动词+until/till ...的句型,意为直到才。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
奥朗德同居女友是小三 助其打造总统范儿
体坛英语资讯:CBA Roundup: Zhejiang Golden Bulls, Shanxi, Xinjiang all grab 4th straight win
体坛英语资讯:Beijing Royal Fighters beat Tianjin Pioneers 105-90 in CBA
国际英语资讯:Iran releases report on crashed Ukrainian passenger plane
体坛英语资讯:Chinas coach Xu confident ahead of FIBA womens Olympic qualifiers
国内英语资讯:China, Japan to hold 15th round of strategic dialogue in Xian
国际英语资讯:Vote paves way for UK exit from EU in just three weeks
为了穿上梦寐以求的婚纱,新娘戒掉蛋糕,狂甩45公斤
抖音海外版第四季度利润据说超300%
国内英语资讯:China Focus: Xis upcoming visit to start new era of China-Myanmar ties: senior diplomat
体坛英语资讯:Ding sets up encounter against OSullivan at snooker UK Championships
科学揭秘:“鬼压床”是怎么回事?
国际英语资讯:Security Council calls on member states to fully comply with UN Charter: statement
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Expert at CES 2020 sheds light on why China leads in e-commerce
国际英语资讯:UN wants re-authorization of cross-border aid mechanism for Syrians
体坛英语资讯:World number one Ash Barty takes out Australias top tennis award
国际英语资讯:Japans Abe to cancel trip to Middle East amid rising tensions
法总统新欢“整”旧爱 奥朗德“后宫起火”
国内英语资讯:Chinese president to visit Myanmar next week
奢侈品牌迎鼠年 这些春节系列你最爱哪个?
国际英语资讯:Turkey, Russia inaugurate TurkStream pipeline
拉登绝密信件公布 曾计划暗杀奥巴马
美军研发“读心术” 五年内打造心感军团
BBC推荐:2020年必看电影(下)
希思罗机场开“后门” 花钱可快速入境
国际英语资讯:Iran launches 16 missiles from 3 locations, says U.S. defense secretary
体坛英语资讯:Chinese teenager Yan ousts world No. 4 Robertson at snooker UK Championships
英国法庭判定:吃素是一种信仰!吃肉网友发起斗图大赛
国内英语资讯:Chinese govt does not require Huawei to collect foreign data: ambassador to Germany
The Limitation of Age 年龄的限制
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |