否定考点词为TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN中非常高频的考点词,也是重要及优先的考点词,在解题方法上还是有些规律可循的,在题干里面,除了大家已经知道的否定词诸如not, never, hardly, few, little, 以及某些否定前缀如dis, mis, in, un等之外,大家还需要了解一些隐含或间接的否定词,如fail to, be at a loss to, be free of, lack, be short of, 等等。下面试举几例::
Q: London Zoos advertisements are dishonest.
P: One of London Zoos recent advertisements caused me some irritation, so patently did it distort the reality.
首先确定题目中的考点为否定词dishonest, 否定考点词在思路上一定要回原文找否定对应,具体做法是将考点词dishonest一分为二,分成dis与honest两部分,当然这是思路上的分解,在头脑中完成就行了,在考试中不必要体现到卷面上。我们现在只需回原文找到这两个部分分别的对应就可以锁定答案为TRUE了,如果发现方向是相反的,则要选FALSE, 没有讲是否诚实的话,那就选NOT GIVEN. 结果在原文中发现了distort中的否定前缀dis, 而在其后又找到了honest 的对应词汇reality, 答案直接锁定TRUE. 即使不认识distort这个词,或者说原文中的这个倒装句根本看不懂,但是只要你掌握了这种对应法,一切问题都可迎刃而解。
个别同学还会有个小的疑义,原文中讲的是伦敦动物园的广告之一,而题目中则泛指了伦敦动物园的广告,为什么不是NOT GIVEN, 因为不清楚是不是所有的广告都不诚实。做这种题我们还有一条重要的原则,考点唯一原则,即每道题目只设置一个陷阱,大家又问,那这个唯一的考点为什么一定是dishonest,而不是advertisements, 道理很简单,否定词是优先考点。
我们再看一例:
Q: Zoos made an insignificant contribution to conservation up until 30 years ago.
P: Zoos were originally created as places of entertainment, and their suggested involvement with conservation didnt seriously arise until about 30 years ago.
这道题目的考点换成了insignificant, 这次的对应词不像上一道题目那么好找,in这次对应是didnt, 而significant对应的是seriously arise, 答案同样为TRUE.
还是这篇文章里的一道题目:
Q: The number of successful zoo conservation programmes is unsatisfactory.
P: Today approximately 16 species might be said to have been saved by captive breeding prgrammes, although a number of these can hardly be looked upon as resounding successes.
现在大家一定已经清楚了考点词为unsatisfactory, 再回原文找一下对应,这次un对应hardly, 而satisfactory对应的是success.
综合三道题目来看,考点都为否定词,做题目的思路上基本一致,都在找对应,而答案又惊人地一致,都选了TRUE.请仔细体会。
下面给大家一道题目,练习一下:
Q: Biologists are unable to explain why the frogs are dying.
P: Biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.
能不能找到unable的对应词呢?如果你并不认识原文中的间接否定短语be at a loss to 的话,那么至少你知道loss这个词能够表明否定含义,否定词对应到了否定词,其他的就不用担心了。答案为TURE。原文中的短语be at a loss to 意思即为不知道,不知所措。请注意积累。
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