2016重庆万州市高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（2）及答案

　　【2017高考复习】.阅读理解

　　Actually we have known a lot of examples and meaningful

　　words to support the fact that we should try our best to ease the bad impression of others. Just like the old saying goes, we should give a better assumption to the one than we think he was. But many of us always fail to do this.

　　Take the situation of my class for example. Right at the beginning of the first semester when we were freshmen we all showed great favor to each other. And when there was an

　　activity that needed some people to join, we would be willing

　　to attend whether it was interesting or not. And we were really

　　like brothers and sisters, and our class was just like a family,

　　a warm family. But now, I feel tired of those meaningless

　　activities not only because of the boring activities themselves

　　but also the cool response of our classmates.

　　I think the reasons why the passion of most classmates is

　　so low may be as follows：

　　To start with, many of us take part in more than one

　　organization, which will certainly make us tired. Also, in the

　　study fields, many of us may find that our courses are

　　sometimes difficult to understand or comprehend, especially

　　the specialized subjects.

　　Moreover，“history” teaches us that if one does not study

　　hard, it is possible to fail in the exams. So it is a big and

　　good excuse to say that “I do really want to attend, but I have

　　a lot of homework to do, so...”．

　　Last but not least, some people believe that some of our

　　leaders should not be regarded as a leader, maybe I should

　　say we, as leaders, lost the reputation, support and trust of

　　yours. At least I am the warm­hearted one, although I cannot

　　promise you that your advice will be adopted surely, at least I

　　will spare no effort to “give” you the right to be heard, and to serve you.

　　Be active to show your talents and abilities and to create a better image of our class. Most important of all, work pains takingly for a better condition that we should have reached.

　　【语篇解读】 昔日热衷于参加各类活动的雀跃而又温馨的场面已成为美好的回忆，如今取而代之的是冷漠。创建优秀的班集体需要全体学生的共同努力，班干部要起好带头作用。

　　1．At the beginning of the first semester the students were________each other.

　　A．quite curious about

　　B．active and kind to

　　C．full of sympathy to

　　D．specially tired of

　　解析　细节理解题。结合第二段第二、三、四句的内容可知，学生在第一学期开始的时候非常活跃，并且彼此之间非常友好。

　　答案　B

　　2．Now the students are unwilling to get involved in the activities because they are________.

　　A．not easy to organize

　　B．costing too much time

　　C．difficult to comprehend

　　D．meaningless and boring

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句的内容可知，现在学生不愿参加各种活动的原因是这些活动既没有意义又枯燥乏味。

　　答案　D

　　3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Students' passion for activities was high at first but weakened gradually.

　　B．Students' passion for activities grew gradually because they were interesting.

　　C．Students were too busy to take part in activities after their classes.

　　D．Students were unwilling to participate in activities because of their leaders.

　　解析　推理判断题。第二段提到新生在第一学期开始的时候热衷于各种各样的活动，而现在已对这些活动毫无兴趣，由此可推断学生对活动的热情度起初很高，但是后来逐渐减弱了。

　　答案　A

　　4．We can infer from the passage that the writer must be________.

　　A．a supporter of activities

　　B．a responsible teacher

　　C．a top student in class

　　D．a devoted class leader

　　解析　推理判断题。结合倒数第二段前半部分中的“...maybe I should say we，as leaders...”以及本段后半部分的内容可推知，作者是一位忠诚的班干部。

　　答案　D

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to represent all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the world’s food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the northernmost position on Earth.

　　An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if in his words “the worst came to the worst”. Norway is expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above zero degrees Celsius. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security doors.

　　The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below zero Celsius. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced.

　　Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the world’s most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason.Norway first proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was permitted use of Spitsbergen. New Scientist says the plan won United Nations approval in October at a meeting in Rome of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

　　1. The project is meant to_____.

　　A. increase the world’s food production in the future

　　B. carry out some scientific experiments on plant genes

　　C. protect crop seeds from dying out in case of possible disasters

　　D. build an exhibition centre of the world’s plant seeds

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the above passage?

　　A. The government of Norway will perform the project alone.

　　B. Seeds to be collected there were produced ten thousand years ago.

　　C. Spitsbergen is chosen because it is away from the threat of unclear war forever.

　　D. Temperature is a major consideration when choosing the storage place.

　　3. We can infer from the text that_____.

　　A. People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year

　　B. The storage center will greatly promote the development of world agriculture

　　C. Norway meant to have built the storage centre more than 20 years ago

　　D. There haven’t been any seed storage centers in the world before

　　4. What is probably the best title of the passage?

　　A. Noah’s Ark of Plant Seeds in Plan

　　B. The Best Place to Store Seeds

　　C. Concerns of World Food Supply

　　D. A New Way to Feed the World

　　【参考答案】1—4、CDCA

　　阅读理解。

　　Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene（基因）is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument，in terms of morality or religion.

　　Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations. Then the other clone would be as well. The latter could foe inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover，cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own.

　　Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This, surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single(or more) organ(s）.It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.

　　Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle”of life. There would be a large number of same genes., which reduce the chances of improvement，and, in turn, development-the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappea. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are, that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.

　　Scientists haven’t 100 percent. guaranteed that the first cloned will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”.

　　Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades: of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs, not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.

　　9. Which of the following is true according to the passage？

　　A. Genetic limitation will be beneficial for some women

　　B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing

　　C. Prohibition of cloning might limit the freedom of scientists

　　D. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists

　　10. What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?

　　A. Cloning should be entirely banned

　　B. Cloning should be used in creating life

　　C. Cloning will take away the right to reproduce

　　D. Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs

　　11. Where can you read this article?

　　A. In a story book. B. In a magazine.

　　C. In a science fiction D. In a brochure

　　12. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage

　　【参考答案】9—12、CDBA

　　D

　　“Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity,” said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I’ve never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it’s probably worth listening to.

　　Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you’re a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump(树桩) for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.

　　A book by the UK psychologist Richard Wiseman, called The Luck Factor, argues we can all make ourselves luckier. It’s not about going to a temple to burn some incense(香) hopes that the gods will give you good fortune; it’s practical advice you can follow each day.

　　Wiseman conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups; those who said they were lucky in life and those who said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, “Stop counting. There are 43 photographs in this newspaper,” was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.

　　It’s easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are “lucky”, in fact, keep an open mind and don’t go through the same routine every day.

　　I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do. Like many foreigners, my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I’ve had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I’ve also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman’s studies I think not.

　　As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational thinking, but it’s important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.

　　Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.

　　13. Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer’s point?

　　A. Make the best of a bad job.

　　B. Rome was not built in a day.

　　C. All is not gold that glitters.

　　D. A good heart conquers ill fortune.

　　14. What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?

　　A. She became famous through her family background.

　　B. She is a British talk show host.

　　C. She became successful by her own effort.

　　D. She was very lucky and seldom suffered setbacks in her life.

　　15. The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show __________.

　　A. man can conquer nature

　　B. luck is in your own hand

　　C. bad luck can turn into good

　　D. you should not sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you

　　【参考答案】13—15、ACD

　　【四川省绵阳市2017高考英语一模试题】 What's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember the first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four rarely retain any memory of specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been proposed by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia"( 记忆缺失,健忘).One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature（成熟）until about the age of two. But the most popular theory maintains (主张）that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot access childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories. But when they search through their mental files for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don't find any that fit the pattern. It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms offers a new explanation for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten impressions of these experiences into long-term memories. In other words, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about them - Mother talking about the afternoon spent looking for crabs(蟹) at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this verbal reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form permanent memories of their personal experiences. 69. According to the passage, it is widely believed that_________. A. it is impossible for an adult to recall his(or her) childhood experiences B. adults virtually have no access to their childhood memories C. adults think in words while children think in images D. adults and children have different brain structures 70. "Trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary" is stated in the passage to show that_______. A. Chinese and English are totally different languages B. it is unlikely to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary C. adults and children have different memory patterns D. memories are in some way connected with languages 71. According to Annette Simms,_______________. A. verbal reinforcement is necessary for children to have permanent memories B. there does not exist such things as childhood memories C. children's brains are mature enough to form permanent memories D. children are generally inexperienced and unable to remember things they don't understand 【参考答案】69—71、BCA

　　【四川省绵阳市2017高考英语一模试题】 A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won. Most of the cases were decided in sate courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them. Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another. In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider. As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads-against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals. 72. Which of the following is NOT true in Farwell's case? A. Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track. B. Farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful. C. The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his job. D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible. 73. What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court? A. The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings. B. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire. C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building. D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself. 74. The following aroused public resentment EXCEPT _____. A. political power   B. high fares    C. economic loss   D. indifference

　　75. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.

　　B. History of the US railroads.

　　C. Railroad workers' working rights. D. Law cases concerning the railroads.

　　72—75、AACD