2017届福建省高考英语一轮复习语法专题练：1 名词和冠词（新人教版含解析）

　　语法专题一　名词和冠词

　　对应演练

　　迁移运用

　　.根据提示或语境完成句子

　　1.(2015·课标全国改编)I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting). 

　　2.(2015·课标全国改编)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 　most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 　(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. 

　　3.(2015·江苏改编)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.

　　—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my (apologise). 

　　4.(2015·湖北改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his 　(identify)when he went to carry out the secret task. 

　　5.(2015·陕西改编)　 more learned a man is,　 more modest he usually becomes. 

　　6.(2015·浙江改编)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write 　children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in 　way. 

　　7.(2017·课标全国改编)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 　(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 

　　8.(2017·辽宁改编)If you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep (breathe). 

　　9.(2017·江西改编)They chose Tom to be 　captain of the team because they knew he was 　smart leader. 

　　10.(2017·浙江改编)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days 　week,often long into 　night. 

　　11.(2017·江西改编)Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with 　(patient). 

　　12.(2017·课标全国改编)Four and 　half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and 　break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar. 

　　13.(2017·浙江改编)People develop 　preference for a particular style of learning at 　early age and these preferences affect learning. 

　　14.(2017·江西改编)Animals are obviously　 lower form of life than man. 

　　15.Sarah looked at 　finished painting with satisfaction. 

　　.根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文

　　Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But 1.　 different kind of shortage is not easy to see.That is 2.　 shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3.(problem) or design a new expert system.There is a way to ease 4.　 problems.They can do it with 5..In 6.　 past few years,computer scientists around the world have developed what they call “expert systems”.An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations,it can take 7. place of 8.　 human expert.For example,an expert in medical system can help to take care of a sick person.After asking a few 9. of the patient,it can tell what medicine or other 10.(treat) is needed.

　　语法专题一　名词和冠词

　　对应演练·迁移运用

　　.1.paintings　根据前面的修饰语“so many”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,表示“画,绘画作品”。

　　2.the;ability　由第一个空后的most modern可推知第一个空应用the,构成modern的最高级。由第二个空前的their可知,此处应用able的名词形式。

　　3.apology/apologies　形容词性物主代词my之后应该接名词。句意:——戴夫,去向你妈妈说对不起。——我愿意去,但是我担心她不满意我的道歉。

　　4.identity　句意:他去执行秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新名字来掩盖身份。identify对应的表示“身份”的名词形式为identity。

　　5.The;the　the more...,the more...为固定句型,意为“越……就越……”。句意:一个人知识越渊博,他通常会变得越谦虚。

　　6.a;the　句意:简的奶奶很多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍,但是这样或那样的事情总是妨碍着她。第一个空泛指一本儿童书籍,所以用不定冠词修饰;第二个空是固定短语,get in the way意为“妨碍”。

　　7.changes　句意:虽然也有一些瞬间就能发生转型的令人惊讶的故事,但是对于我们大多数人来说,这些变化都是逐渐的,需要付出大量的努力和劳动,就像净化一条污染了的河流一样。

　　8.breath　句意:如果你不介意的话,我要停下来做个深呼吸。take a deep breath“做个深呼吸”。

　　9.the;a　句意:他们选汤姆当这个队的队长,因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导。第一个空特指是这个队的队长故填the,第二个空泛指一个聪明的领导,故填a。

　　10.a;the　第一个空填a,表示“每,一”;第二个空long into the night是固定搭配,意为“直到深夜”。句意:我的论文下月到期,我现在每周工作七天,常常工作至深夜。

　　11.patience　句意:无论何时我犯了错,老师总是耐心地给我指出来。从前面的介词with可知,这里填名词形式。

　　12.a;a　four and a half hours“四个半小时”,故第一个空填a;break当“暂停,休息”讲时,是单数可数名词,故第二个空也填a。

　　13.a;an　第一个空表示泛指,a preference for“对……的一种偏爱”,故第一个空填a;第二个空为固定搭配,at an early age“在早年,在很小的时候”,early是元音音素开头的单词,故填an。

　　14.a　这里泛指“一种生命形式”,form是单数可数名词,故用不定冠词a。句意:动物显然是比人类低等的一种生命形式。

　　15.the　句意:萨拉满意地看着那幅完成的画作。painting是单数可数名词,这里特指“完成的那幅画”,故用定冠词the。

　　.1.a　此处表示泛指,指一种不同种类的缺乏。

　　2.the　此处特指“专家的缺乏”,故用定冠词the。

　　3.problems　problem是可数名词,这里指医疗方面的问题,故用复数形式。

　　4.the　此处特指上文提到的这些问题,故用定冠词the。

　　5.computers/a computer　从后文的computer scientists以及后文的关于计算机的陈述可知,这里是用计算机解决这个问题。

　　6.the　in the past few years“在过去的几年里”为固定结构,故用the。

　　7.the　take the place of“代替;取代”为固定搭配。

　　8.a　根据句意“它能取代一个人类专家”,表示泛指,又因空格后的单词以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。

　　9.questions　此处表示向病人提问几个问题。

　　10.treatment　由other可知,这里用动词treat的名词形式。