2016届四川省广安市高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（9）

　　四川省广安市2016高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（9）

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classic experiment, people were shown a vertical（垂直的） line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

　　You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up, where two of the people were confederates（同伙） of the experimenter. When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers, people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least one wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

　　But why do people conform in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform because they lose confidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

　　A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street? It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone. When other people are also around, a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman's assistance.

　　1. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “conform” probably means “　 ”.

　　A. seek independence B. disobey orders

　　C. follow what others doD. seek pleasure

　　2. What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2?

　　A. To explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　B. To prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others.

　　C. To train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded.

　　D. To describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others.

　　3. In the last paragraph, according to the author, why wouldn’t one help the woman?

　　A. He thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand.

　　B. He thinks he has nothing to do with it.

　　C. He is too shy to give his helping hand.

　　D. He thinks someone else will offer assistance.

　　4. What method does the author mainly use to develop the text?

　　A. Giving examples.B. Cause-effect analysis.　

　　C. Comparative analysis.D. Process analysis.

　　【参考答案】1---4、CBDA　

　　阅读理解。

　　You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

　　First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.

　　Let's start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90°angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.

　　If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45°angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(摆动)．It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.

　　Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.

　　45. What should you consider first while sailing?

　　A．Sailors' strength.

　　B．Wave levels.

　　C．Wind directions.

　　D．Size of sails.

　　46．What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

　　A．The boat.

　　B．The wind.

　　C．The sail.

　　D．The angle.

　　47．What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?

　　A．Move in a straight line.

　　B．Allow the sail to flap.

　　C．Lower the sail.

　　D．Tack the boat.

　　48．Where can you probably find the text?

　　A．In a popular magazine.

　　B．In a tourist guidebook.

　　C．In a physics textbook.

　　D．In an official report.

　　【要点综述】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。

　　45. C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话 “And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。

　　46. C　代词指代题。结合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的the sail可知后面的it指的是“风帆”。而不是“船”，“风”或“角度”。

　　47. D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“You may want to go in that direction.…This is called tacking.”可知是逆风航行的时候要不断地改变方向，因此选D。

　　48. A　推理判断题。本文主要涉及的是大众的航行运动的知识，而不是有关旅游和物理方面的知识，也不是一个官方的报告，因此选A

　　阅读理解。

　　Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)．ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.

　　While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.

　　Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans.

　　60．What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

　　A．Find.

　　B．Copy.

　　C．Change.

　　　D．Lose.

　　61．Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?

　　A．They are caring and thoughtful.

　　B．They are worried and upset.

　　C．They are impatient and annoyed.

　　D．They are excited and curious.

　　62．In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts ________.

　　A．get more pleasure in space than on the Earth

　　B．find living in space a bit boring and tiring

　　C．regard space life as common

　　D．love to see the Earth from space

　　63．The passage mainly discusses how astronauts ________.

　　A．work for longer missions in space

　　B．connect with people on the Earth

　　C．observe the Earth from space

　　D．spend their free time in space

　　【要点综述】本文是记叙文。宇航员的生活往往是与众不同的，但是在国际空间站的工作人员的生活可以跟在地球上的生活很相似。他们可以与家人或者朋友联系，也可以做一些日常的活动。

　　60. B　词义猜测题。联系They work five days on and two days off我们知道，他们的生活与地球上是一样的，因此答案为B。

　　61. A　推理判断题。从第二段我们知道，在飞行前，这些航天员的家人以及朋友为他们准备了照片、书籍等供他们消遣的东西，因此他们是很体贴和想法周全的。D有一定干扰性，文章没有讲述家人或者朋友对于这些宇航员工作的兴奋与好奇，因此可以排除。

　　62. D　推理判断题。从最后一段我们知道，这些宇航员喜欢从窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同时间提供了不同的画面。

　　63. D　主旨大意题。全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。

　　【山东省2017高考仿真模拟冲刺卷（5）】写作（30分）

　　有些高中生有时与同学发生这样或那样的矛盾或冲突，这些问题会给大家带来烦恼甚至影响大家的学习。请你用英语写一篇120词左右的短文，分析一下产生矛盾或冲突的原因，并谈谈应如何正确地与同学相处。（关键词：classmate conflicts）

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　　【山东省2017模拟】写作（满分30分）

　　假设你是李华，你在读美国中学生Jack的博客时了解到他即将作为一名交换生来北京学习，希望能够寄宿在一名擅长英语的中学生家里，以便更好地了解中国文化。请根据以下要点给Jack写一封电子邮件：

　　1．欢迎他来中国学习；

　　2．介绍你个人情况；

　　3．邀请他住在你家并愿意为他提供帮助。

　　注意：l．词数120—150；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

　　【参考范文】写作：

　　Dear Jack，

　　I am very glad to learn that you are coming to Beijing as an exchange student and want to stay in a local home with a middle school student who can speak excellent English．

　　I am a high school student，and it’s my sincere hope that you can stay with me．I am good at English and can communicate with foreigners fluently．Besides，I like reading and travelling in my spare time，so if you are with us，I can take you around Beijing and let you know more about our brilliant Chinese culture．

　　Both my parents and I are friendly and enthusiastic in personality．So I believe we can be good friends．I am sure I will do what I can to help you with your Chinese．I am looking forward to your coming．

　　Best wishes．

　　Yours，