2016届四川省广安市高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（10）

　　四川省广安市2016高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（10）

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The term “underemployment” has three related meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a position that requires less qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaffing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use of.

　　All forms of underemployment have effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employment situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals, using that number to judge the health of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it also doesn’t reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their qualifications.

　　In the first sense, underemployment is a common problem in many of the developed world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full.

　　The issue of part-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced into part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a part-time job because nothing else is available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where employers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rather than keeping a full staff at all times.

　　In the sense of shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, qualified workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do.

　　1. The purpose of the passage is　.

　　A. to show underemployment is becoming more serious today

　　B. to imply women are laid off more than men

　　C. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”

　　D. to tell the present economic situations

　　2. According to the text, underemployment means　.

　　A. the same meaning as the word—unemployed

　　B. employees are not fully taken charged of

　　C. qualified workers get a low salary

　　D. people who do manual work for wages

　　3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, 　.

　　A. the underpaid workers are included

　　B. it implies the people who are jobless

　　C. the part-time employees are included

　　D. it shows the employment situation of a country

　　4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph?

　　A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries.

　　B. People with college degrees sometimes take a part-time job.

　　C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less.

　　D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed.

　　5. Some companies maintain a full staff　.

　　A. to compete with others in the future

　　B. to make preparations for seasonal work

　　C. to get the skilled workers paid

　　D. to obey labor laws and union pressures

　　【参考答案】1—5、CBBAB

　　阅读理解。

　　I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very

　　important medical achievements. A newspaper reporter interviewed him why he was able to

　　be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?

　　He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he dropped the slippery bottle, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor—a real sea of milk!

　　When his mother came into the kitchen，instead of shouting at him, giving him a lecture or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up？”

　　Indeed, the boy did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. How would you like to do that? We could use a sponge(海绵)，a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer？” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.

　　His mother then said，“You know，what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it. ”The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could make it. What a wonderful lesson!

　　This famous scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes.

　　当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。

　　1．When the mother found the kitchen floor covered with milk, she ________.

　　A. gave the boy a lecture instead of shouting at him

　　B. praised the boy instead of punishing him

　　C. felt satisfied with the boy's trying to help himself

　　D. calmed down the boy and helped him find a way to clean the floor

　　答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的内容可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。

　　2．The child's experience resulted in the following BUT ________.

　　A. offering the boy a chance to grasp the bottle

　　B. benefiting the boy all his life

　　C. helping the boy be more creative

　　D. making the boy realize the mistake is of value

　　答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。

　　3．According to the passage, the way the scientist's mother used is ________.

　　A. instructive

　　B. strict

　　C. formal

　　D. strange

　　答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。

　　4．The purpose of the passage is to show ________.

　　A. a usual way to cultivate a child B. a scientist's medical achievements

　　C. a mother's wise way of helping her child D. the advantages of making mistakes

　　答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。

　　茂名市基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)

　　[写作内容]

　　时间：上月

　　演讲者：健康专家张教授

　　主题：久坐伤身

　　现状：随着电视电脑的发展，人们坐着的时间超过历史上任何时期

　　句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。

　　【参考范文】基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)Last month I attended a lecture delivered by Professor Zhang, a health expert, with the theme of “sitting for too long is bad for people's health”. From the lecture I learned that with the development of TV and computer, people today sit down more than ever before in history, which has a bad effect on their health. Not only can this habit make your neck or back ache, but it may also make your fat, increase the risk of heart disease and even death. To prevent these problems from happening, Professor Zhang pointed out that those who sit too much, such as students and office workers, should form some good habits in life, such as going to school or work on foot or by bike rather than by car, taking the stairs instead of the elevator and standing while talking on the phone. He particularly reminded us that we students should stand up to do some activities during break time at school.

　　【广东省茂名市读写任务 （共1小题，满分25分）

　　阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

　　It was a sunny spring day, but that was lost on me. In my mind a thousand concerns and worries were racing around and around. It seemed as if they were going to ruin my life. I had even foolishly taken the day off work so I could spend more time on my worrying. I couldn’t think. I couldn’t relax. I couldn’t even sit still.

　　Hoping to clear my head, I drove to a local lake that had a quiet path around it. As I walked along my brain continued to race. Halfway around I stopped at a small bench and sat down. My legs weren’t tired, but my brain was exhausted.

　　After sitting a few minutes I just let go and stopped thinking. I listened to the gentle music of the birds singing their love songs in the trees. I watched as the sun shone and danced off the clear waves of the lake. I noticed the first wild flowers of spring growing towards the light. I breathed in the fresh, clean air. I felt at peace for the first time all day. I stayed happily there on that bench for a long time. And when I finally left I took the peace with me.

　　[写作内容]

　　1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

　　2.以约120个词就“何以解忧”的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：

　　（1）作为中学生，你产生忧虑的原因及其影响；

　　（2）你是如何调整情绪，摆脱忧虑的；

　　（3）保持好心情的重要性。

　　[写作要求]

　　1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

　　2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

　　[评分标准]

　　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

　　【参考范文】读写任务 （共1小题，满分25分）So worried was the author that he found it difficult to rid himself of concerns and worries. However, while sitting by a lake and enjoying the peace of nature, he felt at peace with himself.

　　(With the mind full of concerns and worries, the author drove to a lake. Sitting on a bench and enjoying the peace of nature, he/she rid all the worries of himself/herself and felt at peace.)

　　The experience of the author reminds me of my years in high school, which is a very worrying time for us students. Crammed schedules, endless examinations and expectation from parents and teachers are the main causes of my concerns and worries. Sometimes, I am too worried to focus on my studies. Worse still, my health also suffers a great deal.

　　Since too much worry has a bad effect on our studies and lives, effective means should be taken to deal with it. As for me, I usually share my feelings with people around me, like my parents, teachers or friends. Besides, I often free myself from worries by listening to music or doing physical activities. If I still cannot rid myself of worries, I’ll have a good cry and then try to concentrate on my studies.

　　When we are free of worries, we can become healthier, study more efficiently and get along better with other people. In a word, only when we have a good mood can we grow up happily and healthily.