2016届高考英语二轮精品课件：第1部分 语法填空 专题1 有提示词类试题

　　答案及剖析: 1.surprised　考查派生词的用法。根据句意可知,此处应该填形容词surprised,表示“吃 惊的”。 2.which　考查关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,填关系代词which。 3.really　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处在定语从句中作状语,修饰动词,因此填副词really。 4.children　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填复数形式children。 5.a　考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处指“一个电话”,应填不定冠词a。 6.had been sent　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,宾语从句缺少谓语动词,根据语境用过去完成时的被动语态形式,所以填had been sent。 7.of　考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填of,构成介词短语because of。 8.to help　考查非谓语动词的用法。decide to do sth.意思是“决定做某事”。 9.drawn　考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成with的复合结构,draw与宾语her name,a smile card and a big smile之间表示被动关系,所以填过去分词drawn。 10.when　考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处引导状语从句,表示“当……时候”,因此用when。

　　Passage 2 (2015山西高考考前质量检测三)

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　When I was starting my own business,I always asked those successful businessmen either offline 1. online about their experiences.The best advice I ever got was similar to this statement:You are 2. (respond) for your own experience. 

　　Soon I realized that this is true for everything in life.

　　In my opinion,one of the mistakes that we make as 3. (human) is to look up to someone as our “role model”.4. the concept of “role model” is good,what it can potentially lead to can be dangerous.We always try to convince 5. (we) that if we copy their success stories then we will be naturally end 6. with the same success.This isn’t true at all.It’s their experience that made them what they are.You can’t repeat that.Once I 7. (open) a firm to make electronic devices,and I regarded Bill Gates as my role model.I had thought that years later I would be as successful as him.But the result was just contrary to my 8. (expect),and I failed.As time went on,I realized that different persons have different strong points,abilities and capabilities.So stop 9. (try) to copy others’ experiences,but build your own.Enjoy what life throws at you and make the 10. (well) out of it.  答案及剖析: 1.or　考查连词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填连词or,构成either...or...结构。 2.responsible　考查派生词的用法。分析句子成分可知,此处作表语,应该填形容词responsible。 3.humans　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式humans。 4.Though/Although　考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个连词,根据语境填连词Though/Although。 5.ourselves　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填反身代词ourselves。 6.up　考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填副词up,构成短语end up with。 7.opened　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去 时,所以填opened。 8.expectation　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的名词形式expectation。 9.trying　考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填动词-ing形式,构成短语stop doing sth,意思是“停止做某事”。 10.best　考查最高级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的最高级形式best,构成短语make the best of,表示“尽量利用”。 Passage 3 (2015唐山三模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Carson:Luki,1. did you find Cambridge when you first arrived?  Luki:Well,I like it here.I think the city is very beautiful. Carson:What about your living place? Luki:At first I 2. (stay) with a family for three months.They were very kind

　　to me 3. they had three young children and they were making noise every

　　day.I found 4. difficult to study,so after three months I moved out and

　　now I live with two other students in a student house.It’s much 5. (ch

　　eap) and we like it there.  Carson:Good.Then,6. language difficulties,how have you found the course?   Luki:Well,7. main difficulty is to get time on the computers in the computer

　　room.They are always busy and this makes it very hard for me 8. (do) my

　　practical work.It would 9. (possible) help if we could reserve computer

　　time,I think.  Carson:Yes.I’ll look into that and see if something can be done to improve

　　10. (thing) over there.Or we may need to buy more computers.  答案及剖析: 1.how　考查疑问副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填疑问副词how。How do you find...?意思是“你认为……怎么样?”。 2.stayed　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去时,所以填stayed。 3.but　考查连词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个并列连词,上下文之间表示转折关系,因此填连词but。 4.it　考查代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处填代词it,在句中作形式宾语。 5.cheaper　考查比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式cheaper。 6.besides　考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填介词besides,表示“除了”。 7.the　考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示特指,需要填定冠词the。 8.to do　考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处构成动词不定式复合结构,在句中作真正的宾语。 9.possibly　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处修饰动词,在句中作状语,应填提示词的副词形式possibly。 10.things　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式things,表示“情况”。 Passage 4

　　(2015太原三模) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Marie:Hi,Helen! It’s good to see you again. Helen:Yes,it’s been quite a while,Marie.And you look 1. (differ) from the last time I saw

　　you.  Marie:Yeah,ever since I got married I 2. (put) on weight.My husband’s a good cook.  Helen:But don’t blame your husband’s good cooking.You need to start exercising again. Marie:I know I should.But after I come home from work,I’m too tired to exercise.And I don’t have

　　any place 3. (take) any exercise anyway.  Helen:Have you thought about joining 4. excellent health club?  Marie:I have.But it’s expensive and I just don’t have the time. Helen:I’m a member of Spa Fitness and you’d be surprised how 5. (expensive) a year’s

　　membership is and most of the 6. (member) are just “normal” people who take exercise

　　for about an hour just three times a week.  Marie:7. (sound) reasonable.I mean,you look strong and handsome enough.  Helen:Well,to tell the truth,I haven’t always looked like this! After I turned 30,I couldn’t fit

　　into my favourite jeans any more.I was feeling fat.I didn’t have any energy. Marie:That’s how I feel.I mean,exercise sounds like something 8. would make me feel more

　　tired.  Helen:That’s what most people think about exercise.The funny thing is,once you take 9. a

　　regular exercise programme,you start feeling much 10. (good) immediately.  答案及剖析: 1.different　考查派生词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填提示词的形容词形式,在句中作表语,所以填different。 2.have put/have been putting　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据时间状语ever since I got married及语境用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 3.to take　考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词。根据语境在句中作定语,填动词不定式。 4.an　考查冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填不定冠词an。 5.inexpensive　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处应该填形容词,表示“廉价的”,所以填提示词的反义词inexpensive。 6.members　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式members。 7.Sounds　考查谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,本句为省略句,省略了主语it,所以填谓语动词sounds。 8.that　考查关系代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词something,从句中缺少主语,所以填关系代词that。 9.up　考查副词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填副词up,构成短语take up,意思是“参加”。 10.better　考查比较级的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式better。 提示:①动词-ing形式作定语还可以表示它所修饰的名词的用途,二者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如: This passage can be used as listening materials. 这篇文章可以被用作听力材料。 ②动词-ing形式的完成式一般不用来作定语。 【变式训练】 单句改错 1.This method,calls seeding,has been very helpful to farmers,and it

　　made him win much fame.

　　  2.If we get the chance to hosting the British students,I will act

　　as a guide and show them around the city.

　　  3.The boy lived next door is a college student.  

　　  答案及剖析: 1.calls→called　根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,由于动词call与所修饰的名词this method之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表被动,所以用过去分词。 2.hosting→host　根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,“做某事的机会”应该用chance to do sth.。 3.lived→living　根据语境可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,由于所修饰的名词the boy与动词live之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,表主动,所以用动词-ing形式。 三、动词不定式作定语时其主动式与被动式的区别

　　当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时,动词不定式既可用主动式,也可用被动式,但其含义有所不同。试比较: Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(send 的动作执行者是“你”,即“你”是to send动作的逻辑主语,并且send与anything构成逻辑上的动宾关系。这时动词不定式作定语用主动形式表达被动含义。) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? [send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,不是“你”,即“你”(句子的主语)不是send这一动作的逻辑主语,这时要用动词不定式的被动式。] 【变式训练】 完成句子 1.—Boss,do you have any letters ?　 

　　——老板,你还有信要打出来吗?

　　—No,thanks.

　　——没了,谢谢。 2.—Would you like to go out for a walk?

　　——你想出去散步吗?

　　—Sorry,but I have 　.

　　——对不起,我有一些重要的事情要处理。

　　答案:1.to be typed 2.something important to deal with 考点三 派生词

　　在有提示词的试题中,有一类是考查派生词。这类试题主要根据所填词在句中所作的成分确定词类,结合语境确定答案。 1.作主语或在及物动词、介词、冠词、形容词、物主代词等词类后考虑用

　　名词形式(有时也可能用动词-ing形式)。如果所给单词是其他词类,就

　　要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。 【典例1】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a house without using (use) electric equipment.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:ability　根据前面的物主代词their可知,此处应该填名词,所以填ability。 【典例2】 His friend advised him to write down the useful (express) in his notebook so that he could use them when necessary.  答案及剖析:expressions　根据语境可知,所填词在句中作write down的宾语,应该填提示词的名词形式,根据them可知用复数形式。 【典例3】 The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady (grow) of bigger languages.  答案及剖析:growth　空格处作because of的宾语,后面是作定语的介词短语,可以确定应该填提示词的名词形式growth。 【典例4】 He is one of the (science) who support this theory.  答案及剖析:scientists　空格处前面为冠词the,后面是who引导的定语从句,可以确定应该填名词,根据“one of+复数名词”结构可知,用表示人的复数名词scientists。 【典例5】 If everybody realizes the (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution,the problem will be solved.  答案及剖析:importance　分析句子成分可知,此处作动词realizes的宾 语,应该填提示词的名词形式importance。 【典例6】 Tourism should also advance the wealth and . (happy) of local inhabitants.  答案及剖析:happiness　分析句子成分可知,此处与wealth一起作动词advance的宾语,应该填一个名词。 【典例7】 Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his (strong)and get ready for a day’s work.  答案及剖析:strength　根据语境可知,此处作 bring back的宾语,应该填提示词的名词形式strength。 名师在线 (1)根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语、

　　宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示

　　词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。 (2)根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。

　　名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。

　　常见的限定词包括冠词(a,an,the)、形容词性物主代词(my,your等)、

　　名词所有格(Mary’s,John’s等)、不定代词(one,some,any,each,

　　many,all,both,another,other等)、疑问词(whose,what,which等)等。 (3)填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。 特别提示

　　作主语或在及物动词、介词后作宾语时一般用名词或动词-ing形式。如果所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式,如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动词-ing形式。 (1)Please pay attention (attend) to your handwriting.

　　动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动词-ing形式attending。 (2)His arrival (arrive) made the situation worse.

　　动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动词-ing形式arriving。 (3)The teacher was angry at my coming (come) late.

　　动词come没有名词形式,所以用动词-ing形式coming。 (4)I was happy because of his appreciation (appreciate).

　　I was happy because of his appreciating (appreciate) my speech. 2.名词前、系动词后一般用形容词。 【典例1】 As (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:natural　根据语境可知,此处位于介词As和名词architects之间,需要填一个形容词作定语,所以填natural。 【典例2】 There are more and more cars and buses on the roads, and they give off (poison) gases.  答案及剖析:poisonous　根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词gases,应该填提示词的形容词形式poisonous。 【典例3】 I cannot control my body well.My legs become 　 .　(pain).(2016辽宁)  答案及剖析:painful　根据语境可知,此处在句中作表语,填提示词的形容词形式painful。 【典例4】 I kept driving for about five minutes when all of a sudden,a huge,(hair) creature jumped out in front of my car,opened the car door,carried me on his shoulders,...  答案及剖析:hairy　根据语境可知,此处与huge一起作定语修饰名词creature,因此填提示词的形容词形式hairy,意思是“多毛的”。 【典例5】 And we had a (love) dinner,one of your favorites,green cabbage,soup and fresh salad.  答案及剖析:lovely　根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词dinner,应该填提示词的形容词形式lovely。 【典例6】 Oh,we give everyone a list of (suit) clothes and all the things to bring.  答案及剖析:suitable　根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词clothes,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例7】 When we need help,we might not know how to ask for help.It is not (please) to have an experience like that.  答案及剖析:pleasant　根据前面的系动词be可知,此处在句中作表语,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 【典例8】 There were many people waiting at the bus stop,and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).(2016新课标全国Ⅱ)   答案及剖析:disappointed　根据语境可知,此处和形容词anxious一起在句中作表语,表示“失望的”,修饰人,因此填提示词的形容词形式disappointed。 名师在线 名词前设空,此空所需词多数情况下是作定语的,因此应该考虑该词的形容词形式,这就要求考生牢记一些构成形容词的常见后缀,如-ful,-ous,-al, -y,-ly,-tive,-able,-less等。 3.动词前后、形容词前后可能填副词。 【典例1】 The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北,29改编)  答案及剖析:gradually　分析句子结构可知,此处需用提示词的副词形式修饰动词get。 【典例2】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights,thus warming the house.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ)   答案及剖析:slowly　分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,应该用副词。 【典例3】 But she simply sits beside a big silver plate,pouring cups of tea for everyone and (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches.  答案及剖析:skillfully　此处修饰作状语的动词-ing形式短语,所以要使用提示词的副词形式。 【典例4】 Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers (sudden) became friendly to one another.(2016新课标全国Ⅱ)   答案及剖析:suddenly　根据语境可知,此处在句中作状语,修饰系动词became,因此应该填提示词的副词形式。 【典例5】 About 20 minutes later,Lizzie managed to

　　. (succeed) pull herself and Nancy out of the water and onto a bit of high land.  答案及剖析:successfully　此处用所给动词的副词形式作状语,修饰动词pull。 【典例6】 The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.(2016新课标全国Ⅰ)   答案及剖析:actually　此处修饰动词,在句中作状语,应该用提示词的副词形式。 名师在线 所填单词作状语时,考虑副词。副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活,可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后,因此如果动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词,首先考虑副词形式。因此考生需要注意由形容词变为副词的规则,最常见的是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,要变y为i,再加-ly。 4.主语后或动词不定式标志to后通常填动词。 【典例1】 It costs a lot of money if we plan to (pure) the waste water.  答案及剖析:purify　根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,在句中作动词plan的宾语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式purify。 【典例2】 And you should take up a little weight training to

　　(strength) your muscles or perhaps try cycling to improve your heart blood flow.  答案及剖析:strengthen　根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式strengthen。 【典例3】 Try your best to (memory) these new words.  答案及剖析:memorize　根据语境可知,此处位于to之后,与to一起构成动词不定式短语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式memorize。 【典例4】 You can (large) your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.  答案及剖析:enlarge　根据语境可知,此处与情态动词一起作谓语动词,后接宾语,因此应该填提示词的动词形式enlarge。 5.有时考查提示词的反义词。

　　【典例1】 Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary) work in the office.  答案及剖析:unnecessary　在名词work前作定语,仍用形容词形式。但根据句意可知,错误引起不必要的麻烦,所以填所给形容词的反义词unnecessary。 【典例2】 It’s (possible) to complete the project in such a short time.  答案及剖析:impossible　此处需要填形容词作表语,根据语境用所给形容词的反义词impossible。 【典例3】 (fortunately),I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return.  答案及剖析:Unfortunately　根据句意,这里指“不幸的是”,所以填提示词的反义词unfortunately。 名师在线

　　括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换。词性不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系在词根前加un-,im-,in-,ir-,il-,dis-,non-等,在词根后加-less等。 特别提示

　　and,or,but等为并列连词,它们前后的词的形式应该是一致的,因此做语法填空题时可根据这一特点来答题,如singing and laughing,walk or run,better but cheaper等都是并列结构。

　　考点四 比较等级

　　提示词为形容词或副词时,常考查比较级或最高级形式。 【典例1】 Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.(2016新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:cleaner　由than和句意可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式cleaner。 【典例2】 Speaking of all the songs he has written I think probably this is the (well-known) one.  答案及剖析:best-known　根据句意及句中“of all the songs”可知,此处应该填所给形容词的最高级形式。 名师在线

　　判断和解答有关比较等级的题要注意以下几点: (1)as...as之间要用原级; (2)如果两者之间有than,或者没有than但上下文暗含了比较的意味时,要用比较级; (3)注意 “less/least+原级” 这样的降级比较; (4)如果是三者或三者以上进行比较或者有in,of等介词短语表示比较范围,要用最高级; (5)比较级前可以有even,much,far,a great deal,a lot,a bit,a little等词语修饰。 (6)最高级前可以有the second,the very,much the,(by) far the等词语修饰。 特别提示

　　考生要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式,如:well/good→better→best;bad/badly→worse→worst;far→farther /further→farthest/furthest。 考点五 名词复数、代词变形、序数词等 语法填空题有时考查名词复数、代词变形、序数词等。 【典例1】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).(2015新课标全国Ⅰ)  答案及剖析:paintings　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处前有many修饰,应填提示词的复数形式。 【典例2】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.(2016新课标全国Ⅰ)   答案及剖析: changes　考查名词复数形式。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填句子的主语,根据主谓一致的原则,此处填提示词的复数形式。 【典例3】 A few hours before/earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.(2015新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:its　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填物主代词its。 【典例4】 Then the driver stood up and asked,“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear! It’s (I)”.  答案及剖析:me/mine　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处填人称代词me指代丢手提箱的人,也可以用名词性物主代词mine指代my suitcase(我的手提箱)。 【典例5】 With that,Thomas Jefferson,the (three) president of the US,turned his horse around and went away.  答案及剖析:third　考查序数词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示“第三”,填提示词的序数词形式。 体验真题 Passage 1 (2015新课标全国Ⅰ) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangshuo,China

　　It was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.A few hours 62.,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 63.　 . 　 (it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain. 

　　I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65. (painting).Instead,I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 

　　Yangshuo 67. (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68. . (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70. (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.  答案及剖析: 61.arrived　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境可知用一般过去时,所以填arrived。 62.before/earlier　考查副词的用法。根据本句的时态可知,此处需要填副词before/earlier。a few hours before/earlier表示“几个小时之前”。 63.its　考查代词的用法。根据语境可知,此处修饰名词smog,需要填形容词性物主代词its。 64.that/which　考查关系代词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个关系代词,引导定语从句,根据语境填that/which。 65.paintings　考查名词复数的用法。根据语境可知,此处填提示词的复数形式。 66.by　考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示交通方式,所以填介词by。 67.is　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境可知用一般现在时,所以填is。 68.conducted　考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词作后置定语,根据语境可知用过去分词,表示被动,所以填conducted。 69.regularly　考查派生词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰动词,在句中作状语,所以填提示词的副词形式。 70.living　考查非谓语动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词作后置定语,根据语境用动词-ing形式,表示主动,所以填living。 Passage 2 (2016新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

　　In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It 61. (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 62.(actual)caught fire and burned.Now,years later,this river is one of 63. most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. 

　　But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64. even a few months.It took years of work 65. (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66.(clean)than ever.

　　Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 67. is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? 

　　While there are 68.(amaze)stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 69.(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70.(patience).  答案及剖析: 61.was　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境信息“In 1969...”可知用一般过去时,表示“这条河能够清理干净在当时是难以想象的”。 62.actually　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处修饰动词caught,在句中作状语,应该用提示词的副词形式。 63.the　考查冠词的用法。形容词outstanding之前有most修饰,构成最高级,因此此空应该填定冠词the。 64.or　考查连词的用法。此空前后是两个并列成分,由于本句是否定句,所以用并列连词or表示“或者”。 65.to reduce　考查非谓语动词的用法。“It takes/took (sb.)+some time+to do sth.”为固定句型,意思是“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”,因此用动词不定式。 66.cleaner　考查形容词比较级的用法。由后面的than可知,此处填提示词的比较级形式cleaner。 67.which/that　考查关系词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处填关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词habit,在从句中作主语,因此用that或which。 68.amazing　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处作定语,修饰名词stories,表示“令人惊奇的”,因此填提示词的形容词形式amazing。 69.changes　考查名词复数形式。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填句子的主语,谓语动词are为复数形式,根据主谓一致的原则,此处填提示词的复数形式。 70.patient　考查派生词的用法。根据语境可知,此处在句中作表语,应该填提示词的形容词形式。 对点训练 Passage 1 (2015衡水中学信息卷五) 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　After a short vacation with my parents,I returned to the country where I’ m volunteering. The next day,I was back at my desk.And I was 1. ( surprise) to find that the smile cards I ordered while I was away had arrived.Thoughts of how to use kind acts to help those in need began dancing in my head,2. made my day immediately light up.The following days I took a small purse and a smile card with me with the intention of giving them to someone who 3. (real) needed a big surprise. 

　　Martha is a lady,a single mother of four 4. (child) ,who cleans our office,gives us tea,food,etc.One day,I found her in the office touching her head in exhaustion as she ended 5. phone call. 

　　After talking with her,I learned that one of her children 6. (send) back home from school because 7. non-payment of fees and that she had just been arranging for the money.So I decided 8. ( help) my first target,Martha! When she went to get lunch,I left her the gift in a bag with her name,a smile card and a big smile 9. ( draw) on the bag.Later,10. Martha saw me again,she said,“Thank you very much! You made my day.”  第一部分　语法填空 2016-2015年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计表 考点统计

　　看考向

　　观变化 项目 内容 年份 有提示词类试题 无提示词类试题 特殊句式及 固定搭配 谓 语 动 词 非谓 语 动词 派 生 词 比 较 等 级 其 他 冠 词 名 词 介 词 代 词 情态 动词 和助 动词 副 词 并 列 连 词 状 语 从 句 名词 性从 句 定语 从句 特 殊 句 式 固定 搭配 2015全国 Ⅰ 2 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2015全国 Ⅱ 1 3 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2016全国 Ⅰ 1 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 2016全国 Ⅱ 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 考情分析

　　找热点

　　寻规律 　

　　从统计表可以看出,语法填空题主要考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。根据具体语境,借助词法、句法、特殊句式以及固定搭配进行考査,体现了“实词考查为主,虚词考査为辅”的命题原则。

　　1.有提示词类试题比重大。表中统计表明,四套试题中语法填空题有提示词类试题均占考查总量的70%。

　　2.动词为重中之重。谓语动词和非谓语动词用法为必考点,其中2015年高考新课标全国Ⅰ、全国Ⅱ以及2016年高考新课标全国Ⅱ三套试题中语法填空题对动词的考查占40%。

　　3.派生词用法为必考点。以上四套试题中语法填空题均考查了派生词的用法。

　　4.考查特殊句式及固定搭配的用法。2015年高考新课标全国Ⅱ语法填空题考查了固定句型“adj./adv.+enough to do”和固定搭配at the same time;2016年高考新课标全国Ⅰ语法填空题考查了固定句型“It is/was+adj.+that从句”和“It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.”的用法;2016年高考新课标全国Ⅱ语法填空题考查了固定搭配keep doing sth.和next to。 专题突破

　　攻专题

　　克难关 专题一　有提示词类试题 考点一 谓语动词 1.如果括号中给出的提示词是动词,首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺

　　谓语,需要注意动词的时态和语态。 【典例1】 It was raining lightly when I 　 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.(2015新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:arrived　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境可知用一般过去时,所以填arrived。 【典例2】 A boy on a bike 　 (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.(2016新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:caught　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去时。 【典例3】 Tai Chi 　 (call) “shadow boxing” in English. (2016辽宁)  答案及剖析:is called　分析句子结构可知,句子缺谓语动词,根据语境用一般现在时;由于主语Tai Chi与动词call之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。 2.如果句子缺谓语,除了考虑时态和语态还要考虑主谓一致问题。 【典例4】 This cycle 　 (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ) 

　　答案及剖析:goes　考查谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填谓语动词,根据语境用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式,所以填goes。 【典例5】 It 　 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2016新课标全国Ⅰ)  答案及剖析:was　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词,根据语境用一般过去时,主语是It,谓语动词应该用单数形式。 名师在线

　　谓语动词的用法是语法填空题的必考点。重点考查的是时态,而且多与语态一起考査。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的。解题时要注意以下 几点: (1)判断用哪种时态(根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时间状语)。 (2)判断用主动语态还是被动语态。 (3)注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 (4)注意不规则动词的拼写。 特别提示

　　某些动词,如:read,write,sell,wash,wear,lock,dry 等可用主动语态表示被动意义,通常表明主语的某种属性或特征,一般带有一个副词(如easily,well,smoothly等)作修饰语。 This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。 Your pen writes smoothly.你的钢笔写起来流畅。 易混易错

　　现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 (1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,或者单纯叙述过去的事情,

　　强调动作;现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响。

　　I was an English teacher in No.1 Middle School for twenty years.

　　(表示在过去一段时间里一直存在的状态,与现在没有联系,仅表示过去的一

　　个事实。)

　　I have been an English teacher in No.1 Middle School for twenty

　　years.

　　(表明截止到现在在第一中学已任教二十年了,与现在有联系。) (2)一般过去时常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的

　　时间状语连用或无时间状语。

　　He wrote many plays when he was at college.

　　(有明确的表示过去的时间状语,表示写剧本是他过去做的事情。)

　　He has written many plays.

　　(没有时间状语,本句表明他是剧作家。) 【变式训练】 用一般过去时态或现在完成时态填空 1.—I can’t find my glasses. you (see) them? 

　　—Yes.You (leave) them in the car yesterday.  2.—The tape recorder (be) out of order last week. 

　　—We (have) it repaired the day before yesterday.It

　　(be) in good condition ever since.  3.—How you (be) since I (see) you

　　last time? 

　　—Very well,thank you. 答案:1.Have;seen;left　2.was;had;has been　3.have;been;saw 考点二 非谓语动词

　　如果括号中给出的提示词是动词,而句中已有谓语动词且不需要并列谓语,考虑填非谓语动词。

　　确定需要填非谓语动词后,接下来要根据非谓语动词的用法确定具体用哪种形式。

　　1.非谓语动词作主语或宾语 【典例1】 (see) is to believe.  答案及剖析:To see 句子缺主语,又根据句子的表语来判断,应用动词不定式。 【典例2】 (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽,27改编)  答案及剖析:Ignoring　考查非谓语动词的用法。此处用动词-ing的一般式作主语。 【典例3】 One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about (be) late for school.(2016新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:being　此处作介词about的宾语,应该填动词-ing形式。 【典例4】 Keep (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.(2016辽宁)  答案及剖析:holding　根据语境可知,此处填动词-ing形式,作动词keep的宾语。keep doing sth.意思是“继续做某事”。 【典例5】 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.(2016新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:to stop　根据语境可知,此处填动词不定式形式,作动词refuse的宾语。refuse to do sth.意思是“拒绝做某事”。 名师在线 (1)动词不定式和动词-ing形式可用作句子的主语。动词不定式表示某一

　　具体的、一次性的动作;动词-ing形式表示抽象的、泛指的多次性动作,

　　尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把动

　　词不定式或动词-ing形式置于后面。如:

　　It’s not easy to work out the problem.

　　解决这一问题不容易。

　　Finding work is difficult these days.近来找工作很难。

　　It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　打翻牛奶,哭也没用。/覆水难收。 (2)动词不定式和动词-ing形式可用作宾语。 ①afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,

　　pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish 等动词后要接动词不定式作宾语。如:

　　He failed to attract her attention.他未能引起她的注意。 ②admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,

　　excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,

　　suggest等动词后要接动词-ing形式作宾语。如:

　　I admit breaking the window.我承认打破了窗户。 ③can’t stand,give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,look forward

　　to,put off,devote...to,object to,be busy,get down to,have

　　difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in),

　　have fun等短语后要接动词-ing形式作宾语。如:

　　He kept on smoking in spite of his doctor’s warning.

　　他不顾医生的警告还是继续抽烟。 ④动词like,love,prefer,hate,continue 等后接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作

　　宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词-ing形式,表示具体的行为要用动词

　　不定式。如:

　　I like swimming,but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

　　我喜欢游泳,但今天下午不想去。 ⑤形容词worth后要接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如:

　　The Summer Palace is worth visiting.

　　颐和园值得一去。 ⑥介词后一般要接动词-ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后通常接动词不定

　　式作宾语,但如果前面有实义动词do,动词不定式就要省略to。如:

　　Upon arriving at the airport,he delivered an important speech.一到

　　机场,他就发表了重要演讲。

　　It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

　　别无选择,它只能躺下睡觉。

　　We had nothing to do but wait.

　　除了等待,我们无事可做。 2.非谓语动词作表语 【典例1】 Our aim is to help them,not (teach) them a lesson.  答案及剖析:to teach　根据语境可知,此处填动词不定式,和to help them一起作表语。 【典例2】 My job is (teach).  答案及剖析:teaching　根据句意可知,此处填动词-ing形式,表示“教 书”的概念。 名师在线 (1)当动词-ing形式或过去分词作表语时,它们大多数是已经形容词化的

　　动词-ing形式或过去分词,而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词。如:

　　The story sounds interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。

　　She is interested in the story.她对那个故事感兴趣。 (2)表示一般的概念时,动词不定式和动词-ing形式可以互换,而表示具体

　　的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用动词不定式。如:

　　What she likes is watching (to watch) children play.

　　她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。

　　My wish is to become a good teacher.

　　我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 3.非谓语动词作定语 【典例1】 Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015新课标全国Ⅰ)  答案及剖析:living　考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰people。根据语境可知此处表示主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。 【典例2】 The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015新课标全国Ⅱ)  答案及剖析:built　考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词作后置定语修饰主语The adobe dwellings,根据语境可知此处表示被动关系,所以用过去分词。 【典例3】 A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015新课标全国Ⅰ)  答案及剖析:conducted　考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填一个非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰study。根据语境可知此处表示被动关系,所以用过去分词。 【典例4】 I have a lot of housework (do).  答案及剖析:to do　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处表示将来的动作,因此用动词不定式,在句中作后置定语,修饰housework。 【典例5】 He was the best man (do) the job.  答案及剖析:to do　名词被形容词最高级修饰,用动词不定式作后置定语。 【典例6】 He was always the first (come) to the classroom.  答案及剖析:to come　被修饰词是序数词时,用动词不定式作后置定语。 名师在线 (1)如果非谓语动词所表示的动作是其所修饰的名词或代词发出的,一般

　　用现在分词,表主动、表进行;如果非谓语动词所表示的动作是其所

　　修饰的名词或代词承受的,一般用过去分词,表被动、表完成; (2)在have sth. to do结构中,如果动词have的主语是动词不定式的逻

　　辑主语,动词不定式用主动形式,表达被动含义; (3)在被序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后作后置定语,用动词不定式。 4.非谓语动词作状语 【典例1】 Storms swept along New Mexico’s border with Texas

　　on Friday, (destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring... 答案及剖析:destroying　destroy的逻辑主语为storms,两者之间表示主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式,在句中作结果状语。 【典例2】 He got up early (catch) the first bus.  答案及剖析:to catch　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词。根据语境用动词不定式作目的状语。 【典例3】 (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.  答案及剖析:Founded　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词作状语,根据语境可知,动词found与逻辑主语the school之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词。 【典例4】 They are very excited (see) the ceremony with their own eyes instead of on TV.Some even have been planting this dream in their minds for years.  答案及剖析:to see　此处需要填动词不定式作状语,表示原因,构成be+adj. +to do结构。 【典例5】 Kenya wants to move on quickly.Chinese companies are easy (deal) with and they do not take a long time to process things.  答案及剖析:to deal　easy是表示特征的形容词,后面用动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义。 【典例6】 He got in touch with some of his colleagues through the Internet, (ask) them to search for specialists who could help.  答案及剖析:asking　分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词。ask与主语he之间为主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式,在句中作伴随状语。

　　【典例7】 The headmaster went into the lab,(follow) by the foreign guests.  答案及剖析:followed　分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是其并列谓语,所以此处应该填非谓语动词。又因动词follow与句子逻辑主语the headmaster之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词,表被动。 名师在线 (1)动词-ing形式作状语,动作是主语发出的;过去分词作状语时,过去分

　　词的动作与主语之间在逻辑上为动宾关系,即为被动含义; (2)动词不定式常用来作目的状语,意思是“为了,以便”; (3)动词-ing形式作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果,而动词不定式作

　　结果状语时,常表示一种出乎意料的结果; (4)形容词后常接动词不定式作状语,表示原因、目的等。另外,要特别注

　　意表示性质、特征的形容词后接动词不定式时,动词不定式用主动形

　　式表达被动含义。 5.非谓语动词作补语 【典例1】 When he woke up,John found himself (lie) in hospital.  答案及剖析:lying　lie的逻辑主语为 himself,两者之间为主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式,在句中作宾语补足语,构成“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。 【典例2】 Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car (wash).  答案及剖析:washed　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词作宾语补足语,由于动词wash与宾语your car之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词,构成“get sth. done”结构。 【典例3】 Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.  答案及剖析:to carry　permit sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。本句中将sb.提前作主语,构成被动结构,即sb.be permitted to do sth.因此此处用动词不定式,作主语补足语。 名师在线

　　掌握跟非谓语动词形式作补语的动词的意义和用法。

　　(1)tell,want,wish,advise,order,get,require,expect,remind,persuade,

　　encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbid 等动词后可接动词不定

　　式作宾语补足语。如:

　　My doctor advised me to take a rest.医生建议我休息。 (2)使役动词have,let,make等后面可接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:

　　I like him because he makes me laugh.

　　我喜欢他,因为他使我笑。 (3)感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe,listen to,look at等后

　　面可接不带to的动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,动词不定式表示

　　动作的全过程,动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行。如:

　　Did you notice anyone go into the house?

　　你注意到有人进入这座房子了吗? (4)have,keep,leave,find,catch,send 等动词后可接动词-ing形式作

　　宾语补足语。如:

　　She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.

　　她让我等了二十多分钟。 (5)want,like,wish,order,have,make,get,keep,leave,see,hear,find,

　　feel,notice,observe,watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。

　　如:

　　He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。 易混易错 一、动词-ing形式和过去分词作状语时的区别

　　有的考生在做题过程中不知道应该选择动词-ing形式还是过去分词作状语。现在教大家一个行之有效的方法:作状语时,用动词-ing形式还是用过去分词,取决于该动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系,一般用动词-ing形式;如果是逻辑上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。请记住下面的例子,并细心体会。注意:句子的主语改变了,非谓语动词的形式也要相应地发生变化。如: Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看,这个公园看起来更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系) Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园更加美丽。 (see与主语we之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系) 【变式训练】 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1. (wait) in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly

　　realized that he had left his wallet at home.  2. (attract) by the beauty of nature,the girl from

　　London decided to spend another two weeks on the farm.  3.To get some salt,the careless housewife went downstairs,

　　(leave) her dish cooked over the gas.  答案及剖析: 1.Having waited　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词作状语,由于句子的主语与动词wait之间在逻辑上为主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式,表主动,而且非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。 2.Attracted　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词作状语,由于动词attract与句子的主语之间在逻辑上为动宾关系,表被动,所以用过去分词。 3.leaving　分析句子结构可知,此处应该填非谓语动词作状语,由于句子的主语与动词leave之间在逻辑上为主谓关系,表主动,所以填动词-ing形式。 二、动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语时的区别

　　非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点,考生在做此类试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与其逻辑主语是主谓关系或动宾关系上着手去判断。要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:

　　第一步:判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系。如果是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语形式(过去分词、动词-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式),如果是主谓关系则用动词-ing形式或动词不定式。

　　第二步:看动作发生的时间。如果表示将来,用动词不定式;如果表示动作正在进行,用动词-ing形式;如果表示动作已经完成或结束,用过去分词。 Be quiet.There’s a sleeping baby here. 安静点。这儿有一个正在睡觉的孩子。 The question discussed yesterday should be solved as soon as possible.昨天讨论的那个问题应该尽快解决。 The problem to be discussed is of great importance. 要讨论的这个问题很重要。