2017届全国高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（1）

　　浙江省桐庐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（1）及答案

　　阅读理解--------A

　　Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

　　Workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

　　1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

　　A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

　　B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.

　　C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

　　D. The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从文章的第一段 “One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product:” 可知，A、C、D都在文中提到了。故答案为B。

　　2. According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______

　　A. completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

　　B. were dismissed by the boss

　　C. were unable to produce goods of high standard

　　D. were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

　　答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知，机器批量生产的产品标准高，数量多，这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D。

　　3. According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?

　　A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.

　　B. They stuck to their farm work.

　　C. They refused to use machines.

　　D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知，答案为A。

　　【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（7）】

　　The fourth Thursday in November is Thanksgiving Day in America. There are thousands of bystanders and millions of television viewers. The annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York is as traditional as turkey. The year 2017 marked the 87th year of Macy’s parade. It featured 15 giant balloons in the shape of cartoon and pop culture characters, 1,200 dancers and cheerleaders, 900 clowns, 10 marching bands and nearly 9,000 personnel, almost all of whom were volunteers.

　　Over the course of the nearly nine decades since Macy’s immigrant employees organized the first Thanksgiving Day Parade, the floats (彩车) and balloons8have been getting larger, more colorful and more surprising.

　　In 2017, school children were invited to the Macy’s parade studios outside New York City, for a first look at several just completed floats.

　　Bella was excited to be there. “I think it’s great because I get to see all of these floats before anyone else does in the parade,” said Bella.

　　John Piper is the vice president of Macy’s Studio. He said his work is fun all the time. “Or at least it seems that way. It’s a lot of work. All year long, the artists at Macy’s Studio build these floats. We create them from scratch. I have the finest carpenters, metal workers, sculptors, painters and illustrators all cooperating together,” said Piper.

　　The floats were supposed to showcase the parade’s commercial sponsors in time for the start of the Christmas season. But Amy Kule, the event producer, said,“And the floats are used to maintain the beauty and the majesty(庄严) of the parade. A Thanksgiving parade is always about giving back and entertaining. But most importantly, it’s about leaving it for the next generation.”

　　31. From the first paragraph we know that _______.

　　A. the marching bands were as many as clowns

　　B. Thanksgiving Day falls on the first Thursday

　　C. all of the people celebrating the festival were volunteers

　　D. all balloons were shaped into cartoon and pop culture characters

　　32. The Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade in America has a history of ________.

　　A. almost 90 years

　　B about 80 years

　　C. nearly 70 years

　　D. about 60 years

　　33. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to John Piper?

　　A. All the workers at Macy’s Studio work together on the floats.

　　B. John Piper is the vice president of the studio.

　　C. The workers must build the floats two years before the parade.

　　D. The workers have to create the floats from the beginning.

　　34. Most importantly, a Thanksgiving parade is about ______.

　　A. giving back

　　B. entertaining

　　C. leaving it for the next generation

　　D. maintaining the beauty and the majesty of the parade

　　35. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?

　　A. Culture.

　　B. Technology.

　　C. Travel

　　D. Opinion

　　【参考答案】31-35 DACCA

　　每年11月的第四个星期四被定为感恩节，本文介绍了感恩节的一些情况。

　　31. D。细节理解题。从第一段的It featured 15 giant balloons in the shape of cartoon and pop culture characters...可知答案。

　　32. A。细节理解题。从第二段的...nearly nine decades及第一段的The year 2017 marked the 87th year...可知答案。

　　33. C。细节理解题。从第五段的All year long, the artists...build these floats.可知答案。

　　34. C。细节理解题。从最后一段中的But most importantly, it’s about leaving it for the next generation.可知答案。

　　35. A。推理判断题。感恩节属于美国的传统节日，应属于文化部分的内容。文学赏析类

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”

　　There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black­face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　【语篇解读】 通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。

　　18．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。

　　答案　B

　　19．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti­slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　解析　细节理解题。由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。

　　答案　D

　　20．What best proves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　解析　推理判断题。由第五段中的后三句话可推出。

　　答案　C

　　21．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　解析　推理判断题。由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。

　　答案　C

　　22．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　解析　词义辨析题。由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。

　　答案　D

　　23．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　解析　主旨大意题。该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。

　　答案　A

　　Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.

　　Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（倾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.

　　Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.

　　Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.

　　Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.

　　1. What is mainly discussed in the text?

　　A. The effect of every chemical. B. Problems of harmful waste.

　　C. Chemicals used for industrial processes. D. Events related to waste chemicals.

　　答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为B。

　　2. From the text we know that

　　A. chromium can poison people when there is a wind

　　B. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school

　　C. some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste

　　D. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment

　　答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬“ 直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。B选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；C选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选C。

　　从第二段的最后一句话 “It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬“dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故A选项错误。D选项与文章最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。

　　3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?

　　A. Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.

　　B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.

　　C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.

　　D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.

　　答案解析：答案为A。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，B选项正确；从最后一段 “They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故C、D是正确的，A选项与作者的态度最不匹配。

　　4. The writer of the text thinks that

　　A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals

　　B. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people

　　C. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much

　　D. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals

　　答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是A选项的禁止，也不是C选项的不允许生产，故A、C不正确；B选项在文章中未提及， always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有D选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。故答案为D。