2017届全国高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（2）

　　浙江省桐庐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（2）及答案

　　社会现象类

　　A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

　　The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

　　Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

　　The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

　　“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen­Nuremberg.

　　Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

　　“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)，”the authors wrote.

　　Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

　　The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

　　However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.

　　5．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

　　A．Optimistic adults.

　　B．Middle­aged adults.

　　C．Adults in poor health.

　　D．Adults of lower income.

　　解析　细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle­aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地预测他们的未来。故选B项。

　　答案　B

　　6．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people________.

　　A．to fully enjoy their present life

　　B．to estimate their contribution accurately

　　C．to take measures against potential risks

　　D．to value health more highly than wealth

　　解析　细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“...people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions...”及“...contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)．..”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取一些预防措施，故选C项。

　　答案　C

　　7．How do people of higher income see their future?

　　A．They will earn less money.

　　B．They will become pessimistic.

　　C．They will suffer mental illness.

　　D．They will have less time to enjoy life.

　　解析　细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选A项。

　　答案　A

　　8．What is the clear conclusion of the study?

　　A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

　　B．Good financial condition leads to good health.

　　C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

　　D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

　　解析　推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“‘We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，’the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。

　　答案　D

　　2017高考英语综合能力测试题（5）】

　　As global temperatures rise, so do our levels of hostility(敌意) and violence, according to a new study.

　　Scientists from the University of California, Berkeley and Princeton University discovered a strong link between change in climate and human violence around the world. The study found that even minor climate deviations, such as slight changes in normal temperature and rainfall, can greatly increase the risk of conflict.

　　The link between climate variations and violent behavior was noted on a small scale - in one-on-one crimes like attack or murder - as well as on a much grander scale involving riots (暴乱) or civil war.

　　Unlike previous similar studies, this project combined data and evidence from a larger number of fields such as economics; political science, geography, psychology and archeology, according to Professor Edward Miguel from the University of California, Berkeley.

　　Climate change that researchers explored included temperature as well as rainfall - from very low rainfall and drought conditions to extreme amounts of rainfall.

　　The scientists say their findings could have critical implications for understanding the impact of future climate change on human societies. The global temperature will increase by at least 2 Celsius over the next half century.

　　The researchers compared extensive data spanning from ancient times until today. Collecting more material than any prior study did, the researchers were able to show that the Earth's climate plays a more influential role in human affairs than previously thought.

　　Among the historical correlations, researchers found the case of the advanced Mayan civilization which was established around 2,000 BC in what is now Mexico and Central America. Some scholars say this Mesoamerican (中美洲的) civilization peaked from 250 AD to 900 AD, when it mysteriously declined.

　　Scientists and historians, including those involved in this study, theorize that climate change may have had a lot to do with the Mayan decline and failure.

　　41. From the first paragraph, we can know that_________.

　　A. if it snows heavily, there will be a conflict

　　B. enemies dislike global temperatures

　　C. violence has nothing to do with the climate

　　D. warmer climate is linked to increased human violence

　　42. The underlined word "deviations" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to "_______".

　　A. differences

　　B. measures

　　C. increases

　　D. risks

　　43. According to Professor Edward Miguel______.

　　A. the former studies include a larger number of fields

　　B. the former studies include a small number of fields

　　C. the present study includes a small number of fields

　　D. the present study has nothing to do with the previous ones

　　44. How long has Mayan civilization been at its peak?

　　A. 2,900 years.

　　B. 1,150 years.

　　C. 900 years.

　　D. 650 years.

　　45. It can be inferred from the passage that some civilizations declined due to______.

　　A. civil war

　　B. violent behavior

　　C. climate change

　　D. extreme amounts of rainfall

　　【参考答案】41-45 DABDC

　　最新研究发现全球气候上升可能会导致冲突、战争甚至灭绝。

　　41. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中...so do our levels of hostility and violence得知。

　　42. A。词义猜测题。根据划线后部分及同义词change，variations得知。

　　43. B。 推理判断题。根据第四段中Unlike previous similar studies, this project combined data

　　and evidence from a larger number of fields...得知。

　　44. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中...this Mesoamerican civilization peaked from 250 AD to

　　900 AD得知。

　　45. C。推理判断题。通读全文特别是最后一段可推理出答案。

　　社会生活类

　　The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard(1850—1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer,he moved to Chicago,where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days,it was nicknamed “the Garden City”,almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London,Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s,drawing on ideas that were popular at the time,but creating a unique combination of designs.

　　The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place,dirty and crowded;but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time,the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive:though it promised fresh air and nature,it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages,nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement,the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company,borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside,far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.

　　Garden cities would provide a central public open space,radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt,also owned by the company,containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in,the garden city would reach its planned limit—Howard suggested 32,000 people;then,another would be started a short distance away. Thus,over time,there would develop a vast planned house collection,extending almost without limit;within it,each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services,but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system,thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.

　　1. How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?

　　A. Through his observation of the country life.

　　B. Through the combination of different ideas.

　　C. By taking other people’s advice.

　　D. By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.

　　2. The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means　.　

　　A. making use of

　　B. making comments on

　　C. giving an explanation of

　　D. giving a description of

　　3. According to Howard,garden cities should be built　.　

　　A. as far as possible from existing cities

　　B. in the countryside where the land was cheap

　　C. in the countryside where agriculture was developed

　　D. near cities where employment opportunities already existed

　　4. What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?

　　A. Their number would continue to rise.

　　B. Each one would continue to become larger.

　　C. People would live and work in the same place.

　　D. Each one would contain a certain type of business.

　　5. What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A. City and Countryside

　　B. The Invention of the Garden City

　　C. A New City in Chicago

　　D. A Famous Garden City in England

　　【参考答案】69.1-5 DABAB　

　　阅读理解

　　Getting into the City

　　From John F. Kennedy International Airport

　　Queens:（718)244-4444

　　Distance to midtown:15 miles

　　Time to midtown:50-60 minutes

　　Hours of operation:24

　　Traveler’s Aid:(718)656-4870

　　MTA-

　　New York City Transit Authority

　　130 Livingston St., Brooklyn 11201;(718)330-1234, www.mta.info.

　　Buses from the airport connect with subway stops in Queens and Brooklyn: a free shuttle goes from JFK terminals to the A line; the Q3 bus goes to the F line; and the B15 goes to the 3 line. Also, the Q10, operated by Green Bus Lines(718 995-4700), connects to the E,F, J, and Z lines. Bus/ subway fare is ＄1.5, paid in exact change, with a token, or with a MetroCard.

　　Reader card#67.Ad on p.43.

　　New York Airport Service

　　(718)875—8200, www.nyairportservice.com. Operates bus shuttle every 20—30 minutes to NYC’s Penn Station, Port Authority, and Grand Central Terminal(＄13) and to Manhattan hotels between 33rd and 57th Sts. (＄15). Reader card #230. Ad on p.25.

　　SuperShuttle

　　52—15 11th St., Long Island City, Queens 11101;(212)209—7000,(800)258—3826, www.supershuttle.com. Door—to—door transportation, 24 hours, 365 days. Look for the blue van. Reader card #123. Ad on p.39.

　　1. If you want to know more about the MetroCard, you can

　　.

　　A. visit www.nyairportservice.com.

　　B. telephone (212)209—7000 or (800) 258—3826

　　C. read the ad on page 43 of the book

　　D. visit www.supershuttle.com

　　答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。广告类的文章，可运用查读法。题干对MetroCard提问，查找文章的New York City Transit Authority部分，发现最后的内容提到了MetroCard，并且从最后一句话 “Reader card#67.Ad on p.43.”可知，答案为C。

　　2. What do you know about New York City subway lines from the reading?

　　A. They supply door to door transportation.

　　B. They are directly connected with the airport.

　　C. They run 24 hours, 365 days, marked with colors.

　　D. They are marked with either numbers or letters.

　　答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。本题需要细看文章，先定位题干的 “New York City subway lines”, 而后从文章的 “New York City Transit Authority” 部分看到 “…subway stops in Queens and Brooklyn: a free shuttle goes from JFK terminals to the A line; the Q3 bus goes to the F line; and the B15 goes to the 3 line. Also, the Q10, …connects to the E,F, J, and Z lines.”, 其中，“A line”、“the F line” 和 “3 line.” 都是地铁线路，有字母和数字，故答案为D。

　　3. Suppose you want to get to a Manhattan hotel in 23rd Street from the airport, you’d better

　　A. take a bus shuttle

　　B. take a bus by Green Bus Line

　　C. take SuperShuttle

　　D. take a subway

　　答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。要从机场去Manhattan hotel in 23rd Street，查读第二部分, 在New York Airport Service中提到了Manhattan hotels，接下来的SuperShuttle介绍了52—15 11th St., Long Island City,…” 故答案为C。