2017届河北省高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练（5）

　　河北省武强县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮限时训练题（5）及答案

　　【陕西省西安市长安一中2017第二次模拟】

　　阅读些列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出你最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。What shapes a man’s ability and skill was always a question to psychologists until a few decades ago when findings show that they for the most part come from practice ---- repetitive and endless practice.

　　The psychologist K. Anders Ericsson of the University of Florida and his team, based on a survey of a violin class in a college of music, have found that the students whose levels are rated as “A” have spent on average over 10,000 hours on violin-practice, those with level B a bit less than 8,000 hours, and those with average or lower levels no more than 5,000 hours.

　　The result of the survey is widely preferred because it suggests that practice makes perfect, that is, the distinction between “excellent” and “good” lies more in hard work than in natural intelligence. Malcolm Gladwell points out in his latest book Outliers: The Story of Success: “Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good.” Besides, he thinks IQ plays little part in the formation and development of ability. “When one has an IQ of 120,” writes he, “what is beyond it does not make an evidential difference in real life.”

　　However, scientists’ experimental results are quite different from the psychologists’. Their findings show success in many areas depends on intelligence --- and not a little. David Lubinski and Camilla Benbow of Vanderbilt University, with their research group, carried out a milestone research. They selected from Youth Talented Search 2000 teenagers of or under 13 whose SAT results ranked top1%. After tracking the achievements the 2,000 “wonder children” made in academy and career, Lubinski and Benbow’s group found that those ranking top 1% have more possibility (averagely by two to four times) to get a doctor’s degree, a certificate, and publish academic theses and works than those ranking top 9%. As a conclusion, it’s a great advantage in the real world to have a high IQ.

　　57. Psychologists apply violin-practice as an example to support the idea that ________.

　　A. common people have more chances to become skilled

　　B. practice plays a key role in the development of ability

　　C. a man’s ability has little to do with one’s intelligence

　　D. even a high IQ man can not succeed without practice

　　58. Psychologists’ conclusion is popular among people probably because ________.

　　A. everyone sees a chance to succeed through practice

　　B. hard work plays as important a part in success as IQ

　　C. they are told that IQ makes no difference in real life

　　D. there is no difference between “excellent” and “good”

　　59. Scientists’ conclusion differs from the psychologists’ in that they think ________.

　　A. success has much to do with intelligence

　　B. both hard work and high IQ lead to success

　　C. practice makes up for a lack of intelligence

　　D. success depends a lot on early development

　　60. What is the writer’s attitude to psychologists’ and scientists’ conclusions about man’s ability and skill?

　　A. He is more in favor of psychologists’.

　　B. He prefers scientists’ to psychologists’.

　　C. He takes an objective attitude to both.

　　D. He supports both conclusions equally.

　　【参考答案】57—60、BAAC

　　C8 [2017·浙江卷] ----C

　　The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother－substitute (母亲替代物).

　　During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother－substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother－substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.

　　Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

　　According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother－substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”.

　　50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

　　A. Warmth.

　　B. Milk.

　　C. Contact.

　　D. Trust.

　　51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________.

　　A. larger in size

　　B. closer to them

　　C. less frightening and less disturbing

　　D. more comfortable to rub against

　　52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？

　　A. Attention.

　　B. Softness.

　　C. Confidence.

　　D. Interest.

　　53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________.

　　A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

　　B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

　　C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

　　D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around

　　54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

　　A. give the reasons for the experiment

　　B. present the findings of the experiment

　　C. introduce the method of the experiment

　　D. describe the process of the experiment

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。

　　50．A　考查细节理解。从文章第一段“During the first few days of its life…onto almost any large, warm, and soft object…”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。

　　51．D　考查推理判断。从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？…Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins…”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。

　　52．C　考查细节理解。从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)‘contact comfort’ with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and …”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。

　　53．D　考查推理判断。从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introduced…it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from…and less and less time holding onto its ‘mother’．”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。

　　54．B 　考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。

　　【浙江省金丽衢十二校2017高考英语第二次联考】

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的．四个选项（A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项标号涂黑。

　　"Ok," I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. "What's going on with you and your friend I?" J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp—a position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer. Now she's the one on the outs, and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while I offer up the unhelpful advice all summer long.

　　"She's fond of giving orders ," Lucy complained. "She's fat," Lucy mumbled（含糊地说） ineo he bowl "We are going upstairs," I said, my voice cold, "We are going to discuss this." And up we went.

　　I'd spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day we'd have to have

　　the conversation about this horrible word. I knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receiving

　　end of the teasing（嘲笑），but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that my

　　daughter would be the one who used the F word一Fat.

　　My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her.“How would you feel if someone made fun

　　of you for something that wasn't your fault?”I began.“She could stop eating so much,”Lucy

　　mumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relatives

　　have given overweight women for years．

　　"It's not always that easy,”I said.“Everyone's different in terns of how they treat food”

　　Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. I opened my mouth，then closed it. Should I tell her

　　that, in teasing a woman's weight, she's joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after any

　　woman with whom they disagree by starting with "you're ugly" and ending with“no man would

　　want you and there must be something wrong with any man who does"？Should I tell her I didn't

　　cry when someone posted my picture and commented,“I'm sorry, but aren't authors who write

　　books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?”

　　Does she need to know, now, that life isn't fair? I feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answer

　　I don't have. Words are my tools．Stories are my job．It's possible she'll remember what I say

　　forever, and I have no idea what to say.

　　So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true．I say to my daughter,

　　“I love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you，But I'm disappointed in you right now. There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone．What she looks like isn't one of them.”

　　Lucy nods，tears on her cheeks．“I won't say that again,”she tells me，and I pull her close,

　　pressing my nose against her hair. We are both quiet, and I don't know if I have said the right

　　thing. So as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, I pray for her to be smart．I pray for her to

　　be strong. I pray for her to find friends，work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the world

　　not to deprive（剥夺）her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy, and for

　　her to have the strength to handle it when it's not. And still, always，I pray that she will never

　　struggle as I've struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. She may not be able to use

　　the word in our home, but I can use it in my head．I pray that she will never get fat．

　　55，The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 indicates that Lucy＿＿＿，

　　A. often makes fun of her friend J.

　　B．has turned against her friend J．

　　C ．gets along well with her friend J. D. has begun to compete with her friend J，

　　56.Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy?

　　A. Because she wants to offer some other helpful advice.

　　B ．Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years.

　　C ．Because she is really shocked at Lucy's rudeness．

　　D. Because she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own．

　　57. What does the author want to tell her daughter?

　　A.. It is not easy to take the doctors' advice to eat less．

　　B．People shouldn't complain because life is unfair.

　　C ．She herself was once一laughed at for her appearance.

　　D. People shouldn't be blamed for their appearance.

　　58．It can be inferred from the passage that

　　A. the author earns a living by writing stories

　　B ．the author is a fat but good-looking woman

　　C ．the author will stop loving her daughter for what she said

　　D. the author's daughter agreed with her from.the very beginning

　　59 ．We can learn from the last paragraph that

　　．

　　A. Lucy～deeply moved by her mother's prayer

　　B ．a mother's prayer will shape her daughter's attitude towards life

　　C. the author allows her daughter to use the F word in her head

　　D ．the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble

　　60 ．The author's attitude towards her daughter can be best described as

　　．

　　A. loving but strict B. indifferent but patient

　　C. satisfied and friendly D. unsatisfied and angry

　　【参考答案】55、B

　　56—60、CDADA

　　C8 [2017·北京卷] ----D

　　Multitasking

　　People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self－evaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.

　　Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation－seeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.

　　Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation－seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.

　　“People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity, but because they're distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” Sanbonmatsu said.

　　Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.

　　The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation－seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they're dangerous.”

　　67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask

　　________．

　　A. seek high productivity constantly

　　B. prefer handling different things when getting bored

　　C. are more focused when doing many things at a time

　　D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time

　　68．When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they

　　________．

　　A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students

　　B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students

　　C. analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasks

　　D. measured the changes of the students' understanding ability

　　69．According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their

　　________．

　　A. limited power in calculation

　　B. interests in doing things differently

　　C. inability to concentrate on one task

　　D. impulsive desire to try new things

　　70．From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually

　　________．

　　A. drive very skillfully

　　B. go in for difficult tasks

　　C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers

　　D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。

　　67．D 　细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选D。

　　68．A 　细节理解题。根据第二段“They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task…”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。

　　69．C 　细节理解题。根据第四段“…but because they're distractible…”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，C项是对它的同义转换。

　　70．C 　细节理解题。从最后一段“…are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。