In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary.
First, there are those words __1__ which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we __2__ ,that is to say, from the __3__ of our own family and from our familiar associates, and __4__ we should know and use __5__ we could not read or write.
They __6__ the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who __7__ the language.
Such words may be called popular , since they belong to the people __8__ and are not the exclusive __9__ of a limited class.
On the other hand, our language __10__ a multitude of words which are comparatively __11__ used in ordinary conversation.
Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little __12__ to use them at home or in the market-place.
Our __13__ acquaintance with them comes not from our mothers __14__ or from the talk of our school-mates, __15__ from books that we read, lectures that we __16__ ,or the more __17__ conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular __18__ in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual __19__ of everyday life.
Such words are called learned , and the __20__ between them and the popular words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
1.A.at B.with
C.by D.through
2.A.study B.imitate
C.stimulate D.learn
3.A.mates B.relatives
C.members D.fellows
4.A.which B.that
C.those D.ones
5.A.even B.despite
C.even if D.in spite of
6.A.mind B.concern
C.care D.involve
7.A.hire B.apply
C.adopt D.use
8.A.in public B.at most
C.at large D.at best
9.A.right B.privilege
C.share D.possession
10.A.consists B.comprises
C.constitutes D.composes
11.A.seldom B.much
C.never D.often
12.A.prospect B.way
C.reason D.necessity
13.A.primary B.first
C.principal D.prior
14.A.tips B.mouth
C.lips D.tongue
15.A.besides B.and
C.or D.but
16.A.hear of B.attend
C.hear from D.listen
17.A.former B.formula
C.formal D.formative
18.A.theme B.topic
C.idea D.point
19.A.border B.link
C.degree D.extent
20.A.diversion B.distinction
C.diversity D.similarity
答案与解析:
1.B
本句中由with which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those words。短语become acquainted with
sb./sth.意为 认识某人,了解某事。
2.D
imitate意为 模仿 ,stimulate意为 刺激,激发 。study和learn都有 学习 的意思,study着重研究,而learn指一般性的学习,故选D。
3.C
mate意为 伙伴,同事 ,可组成复合名词,如:classmate同学,roommate同房间的人。relative意为 亲戚 ,member意为 成员 ,family member意为 家庭成员 ,fellow意为 伙伴,家伙 。
4.A
which引导非限制性定语从句,和前面的定语从句并列,修饰先行词those
words,关系代词that只能在限制性定语从句中代替which。
5.C
even if在这里引导条件状语从句。Even是副词,不能引导状语从句。In spite
of和despite表示 尽管 ,为介词词组或介词,也不能引导状语从句。
6.B
本句的意思是 它们涉及生活中的一般性事情,是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。Concern意为 涉及 ,mind和care表示 介意,计较 ,relate表示 讲述、叙述 。
7.D
use意为 使用 ,apply意为 运用 ,hire意为 雇用 ,adopt意为 采纳 。
8.C
at large意为 普遍的、一般的 ,in public意为 公开地、当众 ,at most意为 至多、不超过 ,at best意为 充其量、至多 。
9.C
share意为 份额、共享 。right和privilege意为 权利、特权 ,在本句不符合题意。possession意为 拥有、占有 ,通常指拥有财物。
10.B
comprise 包含、包括、由 组成 。compose常用于被动结构be
composed of表示 由 组成 。consist是不及物动词,必须和of组成短语动词表示 由 组成 ,constitute意为 构成 。
11.A
seldom意为 不经常、很少 。
12.D
prospect意为 前景 ;way 方式 ;reason 理由 ;necessity 必要性 。本句只有necessity符合句意。
13.B
本句意为 我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里,也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的 first 第一、首先 ;primary 基本的、原始的 ;prior 优先的、在先的 ;principal 主要的、首要的 。
14.C
learn sth from ones lips是固定搭配,表示 从某人嘴里得知 。
15.D
but在这里表示转折的含义。
16.B
attend a lecture 参加一个讲座 。
17.C
formal 正式的 ;former 以前的 ;formula 公式、方程 ;formative 形成的 。
18.B
topic 话题 ;theme 主题 ;point 要点 。本句指讨论的话题,故选topic。
19.D
degree和extent均可表示程度,但extent还可表示 范围 。本句意为: 讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围,所以选extent。Border边界,link连接。
20.B
diversion 转移、转向 ;distinction 差别 ;diversity 多样性、变化 ;similary 相似之处 。本句意为:学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别,故选distinction。
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