Archaeology is a source of history, not just a bumble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts, Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment.
Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a Dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may change the course of history, but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologists standpoint. What are perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable.
Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduce to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
流感
国际英语资讯:U.S. COVID-19 cases top 1.7 mln -- Johns Hopkins University
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erest makes miracle(呃是奇迹)
充实的暑假生活
抗击甲流
感恩节
“ice” between friends
一起抗击甲流
预防甲流的方法
Taking ones lumps? 默默忍受
Swine Flu(猪流感)
国务院总理李克强记者会双语要点
国际英语资讯:Turkey partially resumes inter-city train services as part of normalization
Transfer love(感激之情)
A-H1N1 and its Prevention
I hope everyone can keep healthy(我希望每个人都身体健康)
体坛英语资讯:FIFA underlines complete safety for football matches to resume
体坛英语资讯:No end in sight for Brazilian football recess
国际英语资讯:U.S. Minnesota declares state of emergency after protests over death of George Floyd turn ri
Swine flu came
十三届全国人大三次会议表决通过《中华人民共和国民法典》
森林防火
Selfless love(无私的爱)
禽流感
The Littlest Fireman(小小消防员)
Summer Harvest(暑假的收获)
H1N1流感
感恩父母
预防流感,从我做起
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