1.动词不规则变化是指动词的过去式和过去分词不按一定的规则变化。
2.动词不规则变化的具体变化规则如下。
(1)现在式、过去式、过去分词同形。如 readreadread,
putputput,hithithit,letletlet,costcostcost,spreadspreadspread.
I have read this book twice before.
这本书我已经读过两遍了。
The book hit me on the head.
书打中了我的脑袋。
I put the apple in the corner.
我把苹果放在墙角。
(2)过去式、过去分词同形。如 winwonwon,
digdugdug,findfoundfound,feelfeltfelt,
leaveleftleft,meetmetmet,sitsatsat,
standstoodstood,saysaidsaid,
telltoldtold,makemademade,
hearheardheard,sellsoldsold.
I stood up and turned.
我站起来,转过身。
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。
I sat quietly staring at the apple.
我静静地坐在那里盯着苹果。
I felt happy at being praised by parents.
被父母夸奖我感到很高兴。
(3)现在式与过去分词同形。如 comecamecome,
become becamebecome,runranrun.
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。
(4)现在式、过去式、过去分词三种各不同形。如 is(am,are)
was(was, were)been,dodiddone,
gowentgone,lielaylain,begin
beganbegun,ringrangrung,singsangsung,
swimswamswum,seesawseen,
eatateeaten,givegavegiven,
taketooktaken,fallfellfallen,
knowknewknown,throw threw thrown,
wearworeworn,speakspokespoken,
choosechosechosen,breakbrokebroken,
drive drovedriven,writewrotewritten,
forgetforgotforgot(ten),getgotgot(ten),
hidehidhid(den),show showedshow(showed)。
I was reading a book and eating an apple.
我正在吃着苹果读书。
A book fell off the bookshelf.
一本书从书架上掉了下来。
I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.
我看见书架顶上有一只小老鼠。
I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.
我拿了一瓶灭鼠药水。
The rat died before it ate up the apple.
老鼠还没吃完苹果就死掉了。
I got angry with this rat.
我生了这只老鼠的气。
3.另注:
(1)一些动词变化的英美不同。
burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美语
中为规则动词;在英语中可为规则动词,不过用作不规
则动词较为普通。
在美语中wake的过去分词也可用waked.
fit,quit和wet在英语中是规则动词;但在美语中是不规则
动词,三种形式相同。
dive在英语中是规则动词;在美语中则为不规则:
divedovedived.
get的过去分词在美语中也常是gotten.
(2)字典里有少数动词的过去分词有两个,其中的一个字尾为
en,此类字尾为en的过去分词现在多用作形容词,
而不用作时态之一部份(即不用作完成时态里的过去分词)。
如:
ill-gotten wealth
不义之财。gotten是作形容词用的过去分词。
He has got wealth by ill means.
他以不正当的手段得到钱财。got是完成式里的过去分词。
(3)助动词只有现在式和过去式,没有过去分词。
现在式 过去式 过去分词
shall should 无
can could 无
will would 无
may might 无
must 无 无
ought 无 无
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