我国的学生在学习英语时最感头疼的问题是记不住单词。因此怎样才能记牢单词便成为一个值得研究的问题。其实记单词的方法很多。本文介绍的一些方法,有些是前人总结出来的,有些是前人在学习中体会到的,这些方法都很简单、易行。
一、词义归类法:
将所学到的单词,按词义不同进行分类,这样提到一个,便联想到一串。例如有关动物的单词,可按飞禽、走兽、虫鱼等分类记忆。
1. 表示走兽的名词(按动物形体从大到小容易记):dragon (龙),camel ,elephant ,cattle ,donkey ( ass ,驴),lion ,tiger ,leopard (豹),wolf ,deer ,sheep ,pig ,monkey ,ape (猿),bear ,fox ,rabbit ,mouse ( mice ),ant 等。
2. 表示颜色的形容词(按颜色类型从正色到变色容易记):coloured (有色的),colourless ,red ,yellow ( golden ),blue ,white ( silvery ,snowy ),black ( dark ),green ,orange ,brown ,grey ( gray ),pale ( bloodless ),pink (粉色的),rosy ,purple (紫色的)等。
3. 表示动作的动词(按动作力度从大到小容易记): beat ,strike ,drag (拖),push ,pull ,grasp (抓),kick ,trample (踩),knock ,dig ,hoe (松土),saw (锯),pour ,pick ,tear ,shake ,wipe ,sweep ,dust (掸灰),tie ,hang ,press (按、压),shave (刮,剃),count (数),copy (抄写)等。
二、符号、缩写归类法:
英语是一种拼音文字,但为了简便,也常用一些符号和缩写的形式来代表单词。
1. 符号:$ ( dollar ),¢( cent ),£( pound ),¥( Renminbi ),( pound in weight ), ( and ),@ ( at ),% ( per cent ),( per mile ), ( selection 分节号),( paragraph ,段落号)等。
2. 缩写: Mr ( Mister ),A.M. ( a.m. )( in the morning ),B.C. ( BC )( Before Christ ),A.D. ( AD )( Anno Domini 公元。例如 A.D. 1949 ,1949 A.D. ),PRC ( the Peoples Republic of China ),UN ( United Nations ),e.g. ( for example ),etc. ( etcetera 等等)等。
三、表示数字和次数的词和词组:
数字分整数、分数、小数;算式分加、减、乘、除等。
1. 表示整数、次数的词组:个( one ),十( ten ),百( hundred ),千( thousand ),万( ten thousand ),十万( one hundred thousand ),百万( million ),千万( ten million ),亿( one hundred million ),十亿(英 one thousand million ;美 billion ),百亿(英 ten thousand million ;美 ten billion );一次( once ),两次( twice ),三次( three times ),四次( four times );第一次( for the first time ),第二次( for the second time ),第三次( for the third time );上次( last time ),这次( this time ),下次( next time )等等。
2. 分数、小数: one half ( ),one quarter ( ),five-eighths ( ),two and two-fifths ( ),two point eight ( 2.8 ),zero point five ( 0.5 ),thirty-five point four two nine ( 35.429 ),thirty-nine percent ( 39% ),four per mille ( 4 )等。
四、正、反义词归类法:
用正反对照的方法记单词,不仅容易记,用时也比较方便。例如:
The boy never goes to school late . The boy always goes to school early . ( never 是 always 的反义词,late 是 early 的反义词)
The village is quiet and famous . The village is not noisy and unknown. ( quiet 是 noisy 的反义词,famous 是 unknown 的反义词)
五、同义词和近义词归类:
英语里有很多词性相同的同义词和近义词,它们在句中可以互换使用,但有些却不能互换,对于这一点,在归类记忆时应特别注意,不要弄错。例如: hope wish ,broad wide ,almost nearly ,family house 等。
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