2017届高考英语一轮专项训练：阅读理解（5）及答案

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A,B,C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on fact or reason. Examples of prejudice in schools include believing that some students are particular type of people simply because of the way they dress or act, or believing that a certain group is good at sports simply because many peop1e in that group are goad at sports. Another example is believing that a boy is good at science because many boys are good at science.

　　I would like to cite more examples from the English literature. The best example of “prejudice” can be found in Jane Austen’s novels. Her novels in the history of English literature are popularly known as "novels of manners".Thus you can clearly understand that where manners and social behavior are concerned，"prejudice" is nevitable ! Austen' s famous novel Pride and Prejudice is the best example in this respect. When you read the novel, the very first line that would strike you is “it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”It is an example of 18th century English middle class prejudice that eventually looked upon women just as an object that would serve as the basic sign for a man to establish his manliness and his superior and well acquired financial status. This novel is chiefly about class division，social norms and the consequent human behavior. The characters Elizabeth and Darcy，in their journey of 1ife through the course of the novel, highlight their personal prejudices towards one another that arise from their different social strata(阶层).Darcy，a rich man , at first ,

　　fails to admire the beauty and intelligence of Elizabeth because of her low social status:"she is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me;”and Elizabeth，proud of her "first impressions"，failed to understand the well natured man under the proud and unfriendly Darcy.

　　33. What is "prejudice" defined in this passage?

　　A. Prejudice is a reasonable idea that is based n one’s own experience.

　　B. Prejudice is a preference for one group of people or things over another.

　　C. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion before becoming aware of fact or reason.

　　D. Prejudice is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things.

　　34. The underlined word "inevitable" in the second paragraph probably_means_

　　.

　　A. unavoidable

　　B. reasonable

　　C. unbelievable

　　D. valuable

　　35.From the novel Pride and Prejudice，we can’t learn that

　　.

　　A. where manners and social behavior are concerned "prejudice" is inevitable

　　B. "prejudice" was defined and compared with“pride” in 18th century

　　C.

　　it's about class division，social norms and the consequent human behavior

　　D. personal prejudices towards one another arise from different social strata

　　—35、CAB

　　【山东省2017模拟】C

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　“Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits（品质）in the Americans．They show confidence in the way they talk，the way they smile，the way they dress and the way they walk．Living and competing with all these confidence American students，I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructor．As a student，being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind．Don’t mind if it sounds simple or silly．Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all．What’s worse，the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue—this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive．

　　Being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it．Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace．But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades I have given for their Speeches．（The course I’m teaching here is Public Speaking）．Modesty is a trait highly valued in China，but it won’t be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program．

　　51．To compete with American students it’s very important to

　　．

　　A．be quite confident

　　B．be polite and friendly

　　C．have more discussions with them

　　D．understand what they think about

　　52．A professor will have the worst opinion of a student who

　　．

　　A．gives a silly or simple answer

　　B．tries to seize any chance to speak in class

　　C．shows no interest in the course

　　D．is considered to have no opinion of his own

　　53．The author is most likely to feel embarrassed if

　　．

　　A．he asks a student to repeat what he has said

　　B．the students bargain with him

　　C．he pretends to know what he doesn’t

　　D．he has to give a speech

　　54．We learn from the second paragraph that

　　．

　　A．we should also remain modest in America

　　B．modesty doesn’t help you much in America

　　C．Americans also like modest people

　　D．modesty can help you through an American graduate program

　　55．The passage is mainly developed by

　　．

　　A．providing examples

　　B．making comparisons

　　C．giving different figures

　　D．telling personal experiences

　　【参考答案】51-55 ADCBD

　　C6 [2017·重庆卷]

　　Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know，however，that they existed over 5，500 years ago in ancient Asia.

　　The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5，100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.

　　But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually，road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.

　　In the mid－1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer (层)of large stones covered with

　　a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong，lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time，metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being，followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路)．As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.

　　64．What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?

　　A．Few knew how to use transport wheels.

　　B．Humans carried farming tools just as well.

　　C．Animals were a good means of transport.

　　D．The existence of transport wheels was not known.

　　65．What do we know about road design from the passage?

　　A．It was easier than wheel design.

　　B．It improved after big changes in vehicle design.

　　C．It was promoted by fast－moving vehicles.

　　D．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.

　　66．How is the last paragraph mainly developed?

　　A．By giving examples.

　　B．By making comparisons.

　　C．By following time order.

　　D．By making classifications.

　　67．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．The beginning of road design.

　　B．The development of transport wheels.

　　C．The history of public transport.

　　D．The invention of fast－moving vehicles.

　　【要点综述】 本文介绍轮子的演进历史。

　　64．C　细节理解题。第二段最后一句说明wheels长期未能流行的缘由：动物长期以来充当交通工具。

　　65．D　推理判断题。短文最后一段说明路况的改良促进了车轮业的巨大发展。

　　66．C　篇章结构题。该段看似举例，但这些例子均是按时间由远及近而叙述的。

　　67．B　主旨大意题。该文主要介绍wheels由一般的发明物到广泛运用于交通的历史演进过程。

　　C6 [2017·重庆卷] ----D

　　Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S－shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization.Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.

　　“Storm at Sea”， a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind's earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.

　　When the wind is from the west

　　All the waves that cannot rest

　　　To the east must thunder on

　　　Where the bright tree of the sun

　　Is rooted in the ocean's breast.

　　As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering，boiling, crashing，and whistling.

　　It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid－ocean，but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences，too; unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub－ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.

　　68．Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is ________．

　　A．always energetic

　　B．lacking in liveliness

　　C．shaped like a square

　　D．favored by ancient poets

　　69．What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?

　　A．To describe the movement of the waves.

　　B．To show the strength of the storm.

　　C．To represent the power of the ocean.

　　D．To prove the vastness of the sea.

　　70．What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?

　　A．Living together.

　　B．Growing fast.

　　C．Moving harmoniously.

　　D．Breathing peacefully.

　　71．In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to ________．

　　A．a beautiful and poetic place

　　B．a flesh and blood person

　　C．a wonderful world

　　D．a lovely animal

　　【要点综述】 该文既是对地理知识的陈列，也是对文学作品的铺陈。大西洋的壮美和静态的内海迥然不同，大西洋好比是一个富有生命力且有血有肉的人。

　　68．A 　细节理解和逻辑推理题。inland seas比较平静，而大西洋充满生命律动的浩瀚与同为西方文化摇篮的地中海形成鲜明的对比。

　　69．C　写作方法题。该诗句描写大西洋的壮美：当西风信然而至时，大西洋的波浪开始涌动，以雷霆万钧之势，凸显大西洋的磅礴气势。

　　70．A　词义推断题。作者先把大西洋比作生命的律动，然后又把她的其他禀赋铺陈于后，因此该词此处应该指“共生共存”。

　　71．B　写作方法题。该文通过诗词和拟人化的描写把大西洋比作有血有肉的人。

　　【山东省2017模拟】

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Mainland couples who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined for breaking the family planning policy，a senior official has warned．

　　As more women flock to Hong Kong to give birth to their second child，Zhang Feng，family planning department director of Guangdong Province，stressed that this violated China's policies．

　　“And those who are government employees will even be dismissed from their posts．”he said．

　　According to statistics revealed by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government，about 88，000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010，but more than 41，000 or 47 percent，were to mainland couples，including a large number from Guangdong．

　　Hong Kong has limited the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in the city at 34，000 this year．

　　The issue also has caused calls for an amendment（修正）to Hong Kong's Basic Law so that babies born to mainland women are no longer granted permanent fight of abode．

　　“I support Hong Kong government's decision to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong．”Zhang said．

　　China introduced its family planning policy in 1979 to limit births in the world's most populous nation，although the rules have been relaxed in recent years．

　　46．Which of the following is true?

　　A．Those who give birth to a second child in Hong Kong will be fined．

　　B．Many government employees have been dismissed from their posts．

　　C．Zhang Feng is family planning department director of Guangdong Province．

　　D．It doesn't matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland．

　　47．What does the word “violated” mean in the second paragraph?

　　A．went against

　　B．was obeyed

　　C．was for

　　D．was dismissed

　　48．Zhang Feng said that

　　A．few families had been punished after having a second child in China

　　B．about 88，000 babies were born in Hong Kong in 2010

　　C．the residents' medical services in Hong Kong had been affected

　　D．he agreed to reduce or limit the number for mainland women giving birth in Hong Kong

　　49．From the passage we can infer

　　A．in 2010 most of the babies born in Hong Kong belonged to mainland couples

　　B．the number of mainland women permitted to give birth in Hong Kong has been reduced

　　C．babies born to mainland women in Hong Kong can't get permanent right of abode now

　　D．the family planning policy in China is as strict as before

　　50．Which is NOT the reason why some people want to give birth to a second child in Hong Kong?

　　A．They want to gain right of abode（居住）there for their babies．

　　B．They want to escape being punished for breaking the family planning policy．

　　C．They want to cause calls for an amendment（修正）to Hong Kong's Basic Law．

　　D．They want their babies to enjoy the good medical services in Hong Kong．

　　46-50 CADBC

　　【山东省2017模拟】B

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　A cancer-stricken British teenage girl said Thursday she had been moved by messages of support from around the world after writing an online “Bucket List” of things she wanted to do before dying．

　　Alice Pyne，l5，created an Internet blog in which she described her fight against a cancer of the white blood cells．“I’ve been fighting cancer for almost four years and now I know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn’t look like I’m going to win this one，” she wrote ．

　　For her list，the teenager took inspiration from the 2007 film “The Bucket List” in which two men who were badly ill，draw up a list of things they wish to do before they die．

　　On her list，at the site www．alicepyne．blogspot．com，she has included making everyone sign up to be a bone marrow donor（骨髓捐赠者），swimming with sharks ，meeting boy band Take That and getting a purple iPad computer．

　　Messages of support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter．

　　“Oh, dear and I thought that I was just doing a little blog for a few friends!” she wrote after her site attracted huge attention．“Thank you so much for all your lovely messages to me．”

　　Pyne，who lives with her family in the northwest English town of Ulverston，revealed（透露）the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog．A group of local lawmakers have also joined forces with the Anthony blood cancer charity to encourage people to join its stem cell register．

　　46．What happened after Alice Pyne wrote her “Bucket List”?

　　A．People around the world sent messages to support her．

　　B．People sent gifts to her from all over the world．

　　C．A lot of people offered to donate bone marrow to her．

　　D．The media called on people to help her．

　　47．Alice Pyne wrote her “Bucket List” to

　　A．catch people’s

　　attention

　　B．say goodbye to a few friends

　　C．give comfort to two terminally ill men

　　D．express her last few wishes

　　48．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Alice Pyne

　　A．is unaware of her own conditions

　　B．is very sad to know that she will die

　　C．is calm to know that death is approaching

　　D．is still quite confident in fighting against cancer

　　49．Which of the following is NOT on Alice Pyne’s “Bucket List”?

　　A．To ask people to donate bone marrow．

　　B．To get a cool computer．

　　C．To swim with shark．

　　D．To meet a boy．

　　50．Take That will arrange to

　　A．meet Pyne in person

　　B．help Pyne in any possible way

　　C．donate money to Pyne

　　D．invite Pyne to join the band

　　【参考答案】46-50 ADCDA