第二周 万变不离其宗的5种基本句式
句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基本句式如下:
一、主语+谓语(不及物动词)
该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫作不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
①This_camp will open on July 20th. (2015·北京高考书面表达)
训练营将于7月20号开始。
②Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.(2017·江西高考书面表达)
沐浴在阳光中,我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1.为了保持健康,我们应该定期锻炼。
In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly.
2.因此,这种新鞋最近才问世。
Therefore, this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being recently.(2017·湖南高考书面表达)
3.这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。
Here many_high_buildings_have_appeared with green trees growing quickly.
二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句式特点为:谓语动词均为实义动词,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当),即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。
①I appreciated my maths teacher’s praise and encouragement very much.(2015·湖南高考书面表达)
我非常感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
②At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift.(2017·重庆高考写作)
十二岁时,我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。
[点津] 该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词或及物动词短语。
③As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)
作为一名外向的女孩,我和同学们相处得很好。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1.最后,我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。
Finally, we_should_take_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities frequently.(2017·江西高考书面表达)
2.最近几年,我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。
Over the years, we_have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other.
3.当今,许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。
Nowadays, people in many big cities are_complaining_about_the_heavy_traffic.
三、主语+系动词+表语
该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词),表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。
①The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。
②As a matter of fact, failure isn’t so terrible.(2017·湖南高考满分作文)
实际上,失败并非那么可怕。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1.在我看来,一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。
In my opinion, a person without friends can_never_be_happy.(2017·山东高考写作)
2.总而言之,乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。
In conclusion, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life.
四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。
①What_the_girl_did taught us a valuable lesson.
这个小女孩的所作所为给我们上了有价值的一课。
②At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.(2017·福建高考满分作文)
同时,父母给孩子的保护太多了。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。
Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well.
2.幸运的是,她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。
Fortunately, she_promised_me_another_chance to interview.
五、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的,直接跟在宾语之后。
①Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.(2017·辽宁高考书面表达)
你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。
②For a start, I feel really delighted that I’ve won the first prize in the competition, which gets me to understand the true meaning of the proverb “no pains, no gains”.
首先,我确实高兴在比赛中我获得一等奖,这使我理解了“不劳无获”谚语的真正含义。
[即时演练] 补全句子
1.作为一名中学生,我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.
2.从古代起,人们就把早起视为好习惯。
People have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times.
[综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.写出下列句子所属的类型
1.In other words, we are the master of our own future.
主语+系动词+表语
2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
4.Should we sacrifice our children’s future for our own interests?
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
Ⅱ.按要求补全句子
1.现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语+系动词+表语)
Nowadays afterclass activities are_becoming_more_and_more_popular in high schools.
2.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语+谓语+宾语)
We haven’t decided when_to_discuss_the_problem_again.
3.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night.
4.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
Every morning we hear him read_English_aloud.
5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语+系动词+表语,动名词作主语)
Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.
6.最近10年,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语+谓语)
Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.
7.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
You will find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge.
8.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语+谓语+宾语,动名词复合结构作宾语)
I really appreciate_your_coming_over to help me with my math.
Ⅲ.按要求完成下列题目
(Ⅰ)用简单句翻译下列各句,并标出所属的基本句式
1.你已经让我了解了你们美丽的城市。
You’ve_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
2. 我将要告诉你有关我的家乡江城的一些事情。
I’ll_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng.(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
3.这座城市位于长江沿岸。
The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River.(主语+谓语)
4.它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。
It_is_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in.(主语+系动词+表语)
5.近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。
Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years.(主语+谓语)
6.像污染一样的新问题正变得越来越严重。
_New_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious.(主语+系动词+表语)
7.江城应该科学地发展经济。
Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically._(主语+谓语+宾语)
8.这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。
The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
(Ⅱ)适当添加细节用6个简单句将(Ⅰ)中的句子合并成一篇短文
You’ve_let_me_know_about_your_beautiful_city._Now_I’ll_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiangcheng._The_city_stands_on_the_bank_of_the_Yangtze_River,_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in._Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years._However,_new_problems,_such_as_pollution_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious._Jiangcheng_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically_so_as_to_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.
Strengths and Weaknesses
My Daily Schedule
Self-introduction(自我介绍)
Shanghai Museum
My Best Friend
国际英语资讯:Commentary: Deadly pandemic exposes deficits in responsibility, morality in Washington
ard to The Teacher
my pet cat
The World Expo in 2010
My Hobbies
father is a gentle man
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Slamming Trumps coronavirus response, Obama stresses urgency for Democrats to r
国际英语资讯:COVID-19 recoveries top 100,000 in Italy
国际英语资讯:Turkey confirms 1,546 new COVID-19 cases, 137,115 in total
Comments on the Second Class
what do you think of Internet
国内英语资讯:Chinas major grain-producing province launches germplasm pool
国内英语资讯:Critically endangered wild Chinese pangolins spotted in east China
Travels on Holidays in China(在中国的假期旅行)
国内英语资讯:China to ease rent burden on small service-sector firms
关于母亲节的这些事实 你有必要了解一下
城市最佳实践区
体坛英语资讯:WADA updates COVID-19 guidelines for anti-doping organizations
一轴四馆
国内英语资讯:35 central Party, state institutions targeted in new round of disciplinary inspections
Traditional Teaching Method
体坛英语资讯:Canada will not send athletes to Tokyo Games
体坛英语资讯:Shandong Luneng midfielder Fellaini tests positive for COVID-19
To Be a Teacher 0r a Businessman
哈尔滨的水污染
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