2016届高考英语二轮复习考点精炼：专题20 词义猜测题

　　专题二十　词义猜测题

　　针对高考训练

　　一、单项填空

　　1.(2017浙江温州十校联合体高三联考)— I just can’t stop worrying about the school results of the midterm examination.

　　—　.There is nothing you can do now but study hard,keep calm and do your best. 

　　A.RelaxB.Go ahead

　　C.Go for it D.Good luck

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查交际用语。句意:“我忍不住担心学校期中考试的结果。”“放松点,现在你也无能为力只有努力学习,保持冷静,尽自己最大的努力。”relax “放松”,用于缓解对方压力;go ahead开“始吧,去做吧”,用以同意对方的建议或鼓励对方去做;go for it“不要犹豫不决,要全力以赴”;good luck“祝你好运”,用于预祝对方好运。由对话内容可知一方对于考试结果表示担忧;另一方安慰其耐心等待。故选A项。

　　2.(2017天津六校高三联考)Clare has offered a 　 of $100 to anyone who can find her lost cell phone. 

　　A.benefit B.cost

　　C.reward D.price

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查名词辨析。句意:克莱尔提供了100美元赏金给找到她手机的人。benefit“利益,好处;救济金,津贴”;cost“钱,代价;花费,费用”;reward“报酬;报答;赏金;酬金”;price“价格,价钱”。从信息句who can find her lost cell phone可判断是赏金,故选C项。

　　3.(2017江西吉安白鹭洲中学高三期中)After that,he knew he could 　 any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. 

　　A.get away with B.get on with

　　C.get through D.get across

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查动词词组辨析。句意:从那之后他知道他能尽最大的能力处理任何紧急事件。get through“通过,完成”,符合题意。get away with“逃避惩罚”;get on with“继续干,与……相处”;get across“通过,使……被理解”,故选C项。

　　4.Your composition 　 beautifully.Is it the one I saw you write yesterday? 

　　A.is read B.was read

　　C.reads D.read

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查时态。及物动词read后跟副词诸如beautifully,easily等时,常用主动表示被动,同时根据题意的时间可知,应选C项。

　　5.The Chinese government has made it clear 　 it strives to achieve in space science in the next 5 years. 

　　A.what B.that

　　C.how D.which

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查宾语从句。句意:中国政府已经明确指出未来五年里在太空科学方面会努力取得哪些成就。本句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是what引导的从句,what在从句中作achieve的宾语。

　　6.Scientists say it may be five years 　 it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 

　　A.since B.until

　　C.before D.when

　　答案:C

　　解析:句意:科学家说或许再过五年,才有可能把这种药在病人身上试用。主句“it may be five years”发生在时间状语从句“it is possible...”之前,故用before引导这个时间状语从句,构成It may be+时间段+before...句式。

　　7.If 　 unsolved,this may lead to more serious problems. 

　　A.making B.remained

　　C.left D.taking

　　答案:C

　　解析:连接词if后面要跟分词。making和taking都要改为过去分词与主语this是被动关系。remained是不及物动词,要改为remaining。left是过去分词,与主语是被动关系,意为“被使得处于……状态”,是正确选项。

　　8.—Any danger for the patient 　 on by Dr.Smith? 

　　—Hard to say.Doctors are trying their best.

　　A.to operate

　　B.being operated

　　C.be operated

　　D.operating

　　答案:B

　　解析:句意:——史密斯医生正在动手术的那位病人有危险吗?——很难说,医生们正在尽力。根据句意可知,“　 on by Dr.Smith”是定语修饰patient,operate on与先行词patient之间是动宾关系,而且表示正在进行,故B项being operated是正确答案。 

　　9.I 　the poor rabbit,but I didn’t have the right drugs with me at that moment. 

　　A.could have saved

　　B.had saved

　　C.could save

　　D.saved

　　答案:A

　　解析:此处意指与过去事实相反的一种主观愿望,故用could have saved表示“我本来能够救那只可怜的兔子的”,could save是与现在或将来事实相反的主观愿望。

　　10.(2017江西余江一中高三模考)　 you lose the paper document,sign in www.Sina.com,　 you might download all you need. 

　　A.If;which B.So long as;what

　　C.In case;where D.Even if;as

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查连词辨析和定语从句。句意:以防你丢失纸质文档,你可以在新浪网注册,你可以在这里下载你需要的一切。if “如果”;so long as“只要”;in case“以防万一”;even if “即使,尽管”。根据句意可知第一空使用in case;第二空是一个定语从句,从句缺少状语,故使用关系副词where引导起这个定语从句,修饰先行词www.Sina.com。故选C项。

　　二、完形填空

　　Harris accompanied his friend George to his favourite news-stand.George 　1　 the man selling the newspapers politely,but he received 　2　 service.The man never even 　3　 when he requested the late night edition.George politely smiled,　4　 the newspaper,which was thrown rudely in his direction,and wished the man a pleasant weekend. 

　　“Does he always 　5　 you so rudely?”when walking down the street Harris asked.“Yes,unfortunately,he does,”George 　6　.“And are you always so kind and friendly to him?”“Yes,I am!”George 　7　 as they turned a corner.“Why are you so nice when he is so unfriendly to you?”　8　 a look of deep thought,George explained,“Because I don’t want him to 　9　 how I am going to act.” 

　　Then,who decides how you are going to act?Is it the 　10　 people in your life that determine your 　11　?When we allow our conflicts to control us,we behave 　12　 getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority (最重要的事).Therefore,it doesn’t really 　13　 how we treat one another. 

　　For example,we often hear people say “This person is causing me unhappiness right now so I don’t 　14　 exercising patience,self-control and loving kindness.　15　,I want to let them know how 　16　 I am as a result of their actions.” 

　　However,they forget that trials (令人伤脑筋的事) will eventually weaken.But the way we handle 　17　 will influence our lives for a long time.Will you only respond to the 　18　 trials or will you be more 　19　 about the lasting value of what kind of person you are becoming?Who decides the 　20　 you will act when the pressure is on? 

　　【语篇导读】 当我们的友善被粗鲁地对待时,当我们的好心被无情地践踏时,我们该如何应对呢?是以牙还牙还是以德报怨,本文给出了答案。

　　1A.paid　B.greeted

　　C.questioned D.charged

　　答案:B

　　解析:乔治有礼貌地和卖报纸的人打招呼(greeted)。

　　2.A.unfriendly B.financial

　　C.polite D.illegal

　　答案:A

　　解析:但乔治得到的却是不友善的(unfriendly)服务。4空后面的 “which was thrown rudely” 是线索提示。

　　3.A.stayed up B.gave up

　　C.looked up D.dressed up

　　答案:C

　　解析:当乔治要最新的晚报时,他连头都没抬 (looked up)。stay up “熬夜”;give up “放弃”;dress up “打扮”。

　　4.A.accepting B.selling

　　C.requesting D.reading

　　答案:A

　　解析:乔治微笑着接受了(accepting)那份被粗鲁地扔过来的报纸。

　　5.A.expect B.direct

　　C.affect D.treat

　　答案:D

　　解析:哈里斯问:“他总是这么粗鲁地对待(treat)你吗?”expect “期待”;direct “指导”;affect “影响”。

　　6.A.complained B.replied

　　C.criticized D.added

　　答案:B

　　解析:乔治答道(replied):“是的,不幸的是,他总是如此。”complain “抱怨”;criticize “批评”;add “补充说”。

　　7.A.commented B.continued

　　C.guaranteed D.demanded

　　答案:B

　　解析:乔治继续(continued)说:“是的,我总是对他很友好。”comment “评论”;guarantee “保证”;demand “要求”。

　　8.A.At B.For

　　C.With D.To

　　答案:C

　　解析:带着(With)深思的表情。乔治解释道……

　　9.A.realize B.ignore

　　C.wonder D.decide

　　答案:D

　　解析:乔治解释道:“因为我不想让他来决定(decide)我随后的行为。”10空前面的 “decides” 是线索提示。

　　10.A.difficult B.familiar

　　C.easy-going D.modest

　　答案:A

　　解析:那么,谁能决定你随后的行为呢?是生活中你遇到的那些能决定你的反应(response)的难相处的(difficult)人吗?

　　11.A.minds B.qualities

　　C.response D.attempt

　　答案:C

　　解析:参见上题解析。

　　12.A.even though B.so that

　　C.as long as D.as if

　　答案:D

　　解析:当我们容许冲突控制我们时,摆脱困难似乎(as if)成了唯一重要的事。even though “即使”;so that “以便”;as long as “只要”。

　　13.A.matter B.work

　　C.apply D.stress

　　答案:A

　　解析:因此,我们彼此如何对待真的不那么重要(matter)了。

　　14.A.look after B.care about

　　C.hear of D.ask for

　　答案:B

　　解析:例如,我们经常听到有人说:“这个人现在让我不开心,我不在乎(care about)耐心、自控力和慈爱了。”

　　15.A.Therefore B.Thus

　　C.Instead D.Besides

　　答案:C

　　解析:“反而(Instead),我想让他们知道因为他们的所作所为,我多么生气(angry)。”

　　16.A.grateful B.angry

　　C.ashamed D.surprised

　　答案:B

　　解析:参见上题解析。

　　17.A.conflicts B.efforts

　　C.behaviors D.goods

　　答案:A

　　解析:但是我们处理冲突(conflicts)的方式会影响我们的生活很长时间。12空前面的 “conflicts” 是线索提示。

　　18.A.major B.serious

　　C.funny D.temporary

　　答案:D

　　解析:你将仅仅应对当前暂时的(temporary) 令人伤脑筋的事还是更关心(concerned)你会成为哪种人的长久价值?

　　19.A.curious B.particular

　　C.concerned D.excited

　　答案:C

　　解析:参见上题解析。

　　20.A.reason B.time

　　C.place D.way

　　答案:D

　　解析:当压力来临的时候,谁决定你回应的方式(way)呢?

　　三、阅读理解

　　(2017湖北,E)

　　For most city people,the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,jets,and even bicycles.Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding.Without the elevator,they point out,there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings,and city life as we know it would be impossible.In that sense,they argue,the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.In fact,according to Wilk,the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century,with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.

　　If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief,boring,and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.

　　In a new book,Lifted,German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience,studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.“After 150 years,we are still not used to it,”Bernard said.“We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture,according to Bernard,sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.

　　Today,as the world’s urban population explodes,and cities become more crowded,taller,and more crowded,America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count,according to Elevator World magazine’s “2017 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s becoming more important than ever.And for the people who really,really love them,it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.

　　【语篇导读】乘坐电梯可能会让人产生不舒服的感觉,其狭小封闭的空间让人感到沉闷窒息。但是,不可否认的是,随着城市的发展,随着高楼大厦的建造,电梯越来越重要,其重要性甚至不亚于汽车。

　　1What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

　　A.The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.

　　B.The desire for a remarkable machine.

　　C.The particular interests of experts.

　　D.The general view of elevators.

　　答案:D

　　解析:词义猜测题。this通常指代上文的事物,因此可以定位到上一句,即文章的首句,从该句可以看出城市里大多数人认为电梯是平凡的、无足轻重的,故选D项。

　　2.The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is 　. 

　　A.to explain people’s preference for elevators

　　B.to reveal their secret war against elevators

　　C.to emphasize the importance of elevators

　　D.to contrast their functions with elevators’

　　答案:C

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知,电梯的重要性不亚于汽车,由此推断作者提到汽车是为了强调电梯的重要性。

　　3.According to Prof.Bernard,what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?

　　A.Uncomfortable conditions.

　　B.Little physical space.

　　C.Lack of excitement.

　　D.Vertical direction.

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,使得elevator ride不同于其他生活经历的是that mixture,而that mixture指的是前一句的“the mixture of closeness and displeasure,”即乘坐电梯时的封闭性和令人不愉快的感受,B项与文中closeness(封闭性)相吻合。

　　4.The author urges readers to consider 　. 

　　A.the relationship between cars and elevators

　　B.the role of elevators in city development

　　C.the serious future situation of elevators

　　D.the exact number of elevator lovers

　　答案:B

　　解析:细节理解题。文章最后一段说明了随着城市的发展,电梯的作用越来越重要,根据最后一句话可知,作者主张人们在这样的城市发展节奏下,认真考虑电梯的重要性。