2016届高考英语二轮语法突破课件：定语从句（外研版）

　　【高考集训】 用适当的关系词填空 1. (2017·广东高考)The next day, my brother and I went to the beach

　　______ we watched some people play volleyball.

　　2. (2017·浙江高考)I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth

　　grade, _____ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches

　　of a tree.

　　3. (2017·湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter

　　can read this book and know my feelings for her.

　　where when when 4. (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the

　　house ______ I would be staying.

　　5. (2017·浙江高考)We live in an age _____ more information is

　　available with greater ease than ever before.

　　where when 考点4

　　介词+关系代词的6个考查点　★★★★ 1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。 *Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.

　　风力是一种古老的能源, 也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会重新使用它。 2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 *He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。 3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。 *I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly. 我正在找我的眼镜, 没有它我就看不清电视了。 4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。 *She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years.

　　她带领参观者参观了那个花了三年多时间才建成的博物馆。 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可与whose+n. 互换。 5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。 *The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.

　　公共汽车被愤怒的人群包围着, 其中的大部分已满员了。 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。 *She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

　　她带来了她的三位朋友, 我以前全没见过。 【点津】选择介词的3个原则:

　　①根据句子意思表达的需要; ②根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; ③根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。 【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别:

　　与并列句的区别 如果两个句子之间是分号, 或有and, but, so等连接词, 则这两个句子为并列句; 如果两个句子之间是逗号, 且没有上述的连接词, 则这两个句子之间就是主从关系, 须有一个引导词引导定语从句 与强调句型的区别 判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was. . . that. . . ”去掉后, 主句的意思和结构是完整的 与状语从句的区别 状语从句通常没有先行词, 整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语, 而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用的 与同位语从句的区别 ①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用; 而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用; ②引导词that在从句中的作用不同: 在定语从句中, that既起连接作用, 又须在定语从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语等; 而在同位语从句中, that只起连接作用, 不充当句子成分; ③翻译方法不同: 限制性定语从句通常翻译成“……的”, 而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”, 也可用冒号或破折号表示 (1)The news(that)they told me made me excited. (定语从句) (2)The news that our team won the match made me excited.

　　(同位语从句) 【典题印证】用适当的关系词填空 (2017·天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each ofuses it differently.

　　解题关键: 根据逗号前后的逻辑, 可知逗号后面是定语从句。由句意可知, 英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言, 每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。故用which。

　　【高考集训】 用适当的关系词填空 1. (2017·大纲版全国卷)September 30 is the day by ______ you must

　　pay your bill.

　　2. (2017·浙江高考)The children, all of ______ had played the whole

　　day long, were worn out.

　　3. (2017·辽宁高考)He may win the competition, in ______ case he is

　　likely to get into the national team.

　　which whom which 4.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most

　　of ______ are family members.

　　5.In our class there are 46 students, of ______ half

　　wear glasses.

　　whom whom 语法专项突破系列 定语从句 考点1

　　5组易混关系代词的用法辨析　★★★★★ 1. 只用that不用which的情况:

　　(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

　　我拒绝接受那些因为别人的过错而带来的责难。 (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时 Australia is the only country that is also a continent.

　　澳大利亚是唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

　　这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。 (4)先行词为人、物并用时 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

　　你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗?

　　(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一辆是你丢的自行车?

　　(6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时 Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.

　　山东不再是以前的那个样子了。 2. 只用which不用that的情况:

　　(1)关系代词前有介词时 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?

　　这是莎士比亚出生的那间房子吗?

　　(2)引导非限制性定语从句时 As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.

　　杰克小时候是在一所乡村学校上的学, 这所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。 (3)先行词为that/those时 What’s that which was put in the car?

　　被放入车内的是什么?

　　(4)which用作定语时 He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.

　　他也许会迟到, 那样的话, 我们应该等他。

　　3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that:

　　the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西 the same. . . that表示同一人或物 ①This is the same book as he lent me last week.

　　这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。 ②This is the same book that he lent me last week.

　　这是他上星期借给我的那本书。 4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that:

　　such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样 such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此……以至于 ①This is such an easy question as I can answer.

　　这是一个容易的我能回答的问题。 ②This is such an easy question that I can answer it.

　　这个问题如此简单连我都能回答。 【点津】 区分这两类从句关键就是看从句中是否缺宾语等成分。 5. as与which:

　　(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 (2)as意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。 ①Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all.

　　《极品飞车》是一部很成功的电影, 这一点是大家都知道的。 ②The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.

　　运动会被推迟, 这让我们吃惊。 【典题印证】用适当的关系词填空 (2017·安徽高考)The exact year　Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.

　　解题关键: 本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词, 故从句中缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。 答案判定: 句意: Angela和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。所以用which。

　　【高考集训】 用适当的关系词填空 1. (2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit __________is

　　driving your family crazy.

　　2. (2017·江西高考)Among the many dangers __________sailors have

　　to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.

　　3. (2017·四川高考)Until now, we have raised 50, 000 pounds for the

　　poor children, ______ is quite unexpected.

　　which/that which/that which 4. (2017·重庆高考)We’ll reach the sales targets in a month __________

　　we set at the beginning of the year.

　　5. (2017·山东高考)There is no simple answer, __ is often the case in

　　science.

　　6. (2017·江苏高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a

　　passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his

　　childhood.

　　which/that as which 7. (2017·安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for

　　Literature in 2017, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held

　　dreams come true.

　　8. (2017·上海高考)An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving

　　things in an area __________ interact with one another.

　　which that/which 考点2

　　关系代词who, whom, whose　★★★★★ 1. who和whom的用法。 (1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。 *The persons I want to talk about with you are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng, the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi.

　　我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏, 他们于周五在乌鲁木齐签署离婚协议。 (2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。 *There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位绅士想见你。 (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。 *The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.

　　昨天在会上受表扬的学生是班长, 他非常谦虚、好学。 (4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。 *The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.

　　这里居住着将近1 000人, 他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。 2. whose的用法。 whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“……的”, 可转换为“of +关系代词”。关系代词whose一般指人, 表示“该人的”, 也可指物, 表示“该物的”, 在以物为先行词时, 可用of which代替在从句中作定语。 *The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.

　　这个奖项会给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。 【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如:

　　①Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.

　　汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。 ②Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.

　　汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。 【典题印证】用适当的关系词填空 (2017·山东高考)A company　profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

　　解题关键: 主句中a company是主语, may seek是谓语, opportunities是宾语, 而所填词要引导一个定语从句, 该从句中profits前缺少定语, 而且profits与先行词构成所属关系, 同时在从句中作profits的定语。 答案判定: 句意: 一家在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会去国外谋求机会。所以用whose。

　　【高考集训】 用适当的关系词填空 1. (2017·福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the

　　eyes of those ______ lives were affected.

　　2. (2017·湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those ____ are

　　good at recognizing their own strengths.

　　whose who 3. (2017·江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that

　　area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to

　　survive.

　　4. (2017·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______

　　help I would never have got this far.

　　who whose 考点3

　　关系副词when, where, why　★★★★ 1. when的用法。 先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　体力是你生存所需的一切手段的日子一去不复返了。 2. where的用法。 (1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *A bank is the place where(=in which)they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　银行是一个晴天借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。 (2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。 *You reach a point where medicine can’t help.

　　你到了药物无法治疗的地步。 3. why的用法。 先行词是表示原因的名词reason时, 可以用why引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为“……的原因是……”。 *The reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill.

　　他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。 【点津】 (1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 那么必须用关系代词; 若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 那么必须用关系副词。 *This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.

　　这就是我去年参观的山村。(关系词在从句中作宾语) *I will never forget the day when my father returned from America.

　　我永远不会忘记我父亲从美国返回的那一天。(关系词在从句中作状语) (2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词时, 后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。 *I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother. 我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。 【典题印证】用适当的关系词填空 (2017·江苏高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work　a good impression is a must.

　　解题关键: 本题采用还原法解题, 将先行词work还原到定语从句中, 即a good impression is a must at work, 显然关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。 答案判定: 句意: 这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流, 尤其是在需要给人留下好印象的工作当中。所以用where。