2016届高考英语精品专题必做练习：阅读理解（25）

　　AWhen Taylor Swift first came to the attention of the public，she was a 17­year­old newcomer who loved singing to her guitar.She seemed far more enthusiastic than skillful.

　　Four years later，Swift became a multi­award winner.This month，she was crowned “Woman of the Year” by Billboard magazine，the youngest singer­song­writer ever to receive the honor.“Aged only 21，Taylor has already made a maior impact on music and has been an unbelievable role model for hopeful artists and young women everywhere，” said Bill Werde，Billboard’s director.

　　Werde’s_words_do_not_come_from_nowhere. Unlike many pop singers，especially those who do not write their own material，Swift has the power of turning her ideas into lyrics that will set people thinking.“Hidden beneath Taylor Swift’s not­a­girl，not­yet­a­woman sweetness is a very skillful songwriting technique，” wrote Leah Greenblatt in an American magazine.

　　Songwriting，as Swift explains，is to cope with issues.“I tend to write about things that really impact me most.” There certainly seems to be something true and honest running through every one of the 14 songs on her album，Speak Now，about “the lessons and confusion and heartbreak and all the different things that go along with being 18,19 and 20.”

　　“For the audience too young to have experienced real passion or heartbreak，Swift’s songs are like a potential road map，promising things will work out OK，” commented Dorian ynskey in a British newspaper.

　　Now Swift is getting ready to go further and has so far written about 10 songs for her 2017 album，which is about feelings of growing up and becoming an adult.“They’re sad，if I’m being honest.”“They’re about my heartbreaks and my moving on.But more importantly，they are about achieving contentment.You’re not always going to be perfectly happy as you grow up.”

　　1．What does the writer mean by saying “Werde’s words do not come from nowhere”？

　　A．Swift stands out as a singer and songwriter.

　　B．Only Swift writes her own songs.

　　C．Swift begins to take interest in singing.

　　D．Swift decides to deal with problems in her new album.

　　2．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A．Swift has the ability to write songs with deeper meanings.

　　B．Swift is both enthusiastic and skillful now.

　　C．Swift became a multi­award winner when she began to sing on the stage.

　　D．Swift’s album Speak Now has 14 songs.

　　3．Taylor Swift’s 2017 album mainly records________.

　　A．dream and reality

　　B．heartbreak and despair

　　C．pain and growth

　　D．problems and society

　　4．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Swift comes to people’s attention

　　B．Swift rises to fame

　　C．Swift wins many awards

　　D．Swift experiences real passion

　　B

　　The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic(怀旧的) skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful—both in school and in life.

　　Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.

　　Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks－both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.

　　In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active, which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.

　　Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (转换) “those words in the mind into written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen，” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind's_eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot (发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.

　　“In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks，” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”

　　46. What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?

　　A. The absence of blackboards in classrooms.

　　B. The use of new technologies in teaching.

　　C. The lack of practice in handwriting.

　　D. The popular use of smartphones.

　　47. Berninger's study published in 2009 ________.

　　A. focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer

　　B. indicated that students prefer to

　　write with a pen and paper

　　C. found that good essays are made up of long sentences

　　D. discussed the importance of writing speed

　　48. Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?

　　A. Spelling improves one's memory of words.

　　B. Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.

　　C. Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.

　　D. Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.

　　49. What does “mind's eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?

　　A. Window.

　　B. Soul.

　　C. Picture.

　　D. Imagination.

　　50. What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?

　　A. Computers can help people with their choice of words.

　　B. Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.

　　C. Handwriting still has a place in today's classrooms.

　　D. Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

　　C

　　It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night．The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently．

　　My father realised it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him．I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same．I’m so glad I did．

　　On the road to the harbour we could see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape．After allit was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea．As we got on board, we noticed two big humps(脊背) in the distance．

　　On approaching them, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby．We couldn’t beliee it —there aren’t any whales along the coast here．The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badly polluted that nothing could surive．

　　The little baby whale actually as big as our boat — was obviously stuck and could not move．The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves．” She’s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said．At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicirle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently．With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappared under water．Then it swam up right beside its mum．They stuggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction．We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them towards the bay channel．Sowly, they let us lead them, sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breathe — and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes．Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the distance．

　　In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half．That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades laterI still look back fondly to that golden day at sea．

　　5．The author says “I’m so glad I did．” (in Para．2) because __________．

　　A．e witnessed the whole process of fishing

　　B．he enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea

　　C．he experienced the rescue of the whales D．he spent the weekend with his family

　　57．The harbour survived the storm owing to__________．

　　A．the shape of the harbour B．the arms of the bay

　　C．the still water in the channel D．the long coast line

　　5．The mother whale failed to help her baby because__________．

　　A．she had stayed in the polluted water for too long

　　B．the whirlpools she had made were not big enough

　　C．she had no other whales around to tutu to for help

　　D．the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction

　　59．hat is the theme of the story?

　　A．Saving lives brings people a sense of happinessB．Fishing provides excitement for children

　　C．It’s necessary to live in harmony with animalsD．t’s vital to protect the environment．

　　D

　　Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

　　The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

　　Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety－five would have the same effect.

　　Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.

　　A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.

　　The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected(被感染的).

　　Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

　　Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists don’t think that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

　　26. According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

　　A. The sound of cars.

　　B. The sound of voices.

　　C. Man-made noise pollution.

　　D. The sound of steps.

　　27. According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT________.

　　A. sounds made by animals themselves

　　B. ocean drilling

　　C. underwater earthquakes

　　D. the breaking of ice fields

　　28. Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

　　A. The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.

　　B. Different places may have different types of noises.

　　C. The decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.

　　D. Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.

　　29. Which of the following is true of whales?

　　A. They won't be confused by noises.

　　B. They are deaf to noises.

　　C. Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.

　　D. Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.

　　A. They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.

　　30. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

　　C. They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.

　　B. They will protect animals from harmful noises.

　　D. They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.

　　A

　　语篇解读：　本文主要讲述了Swift由开始时对音乐的酷爱到最终成为成绩卓著的音乐人的故事。

　　1．解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段中Werde所说的话及第三段的第二句可知，画线句表明“Swift作为歌手和曲作家很出色。”

　　答案：　A

　　2．解析：　正误判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，Swift 4年后才成为一个多次获奖的赢家。由此可知C项与原文内容不符。

　　答案：　C

　　3．解析：　细节理解题。由最后一段的内容可知，她的这个专辑是有关成长及随之而来的痛苦的。

　　答案：　C

　　4．解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Swift作为一个音乐人逐步走向成功的故事。故B项作为标题最合适。

　　答案：　B

　　【要点综述】随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们忽视。但是Virginia Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地。

　　46. B　信息理解题。根据第一段中的 “With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of a nostalgic skill”可知答案。

　　47. A　信息理解题。根据第三段可知答案。

　　48. B　信息理解题。根据第四段可知答案。

　　49. D　词义猜测题。根据第五段可知答案。

　　50. C　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段最后一句可知答案。

　　56-59 CBDA

　　D

　　【文章大意】本文叙述了研究表明噪音污染引起了海洋生物的危险，科学家将来要采取措施拯救海洋生物，阻止噪音对海洋生物的伤害，提醒我们也要意识到保护海洋生物的重要性。

　　26【答案】C

　　【 解析】细节理解题。由第一段Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. 可知噪音污染引起了海洋生物的危险，故选C。

　　27【答案】B【 解析】细节理解题。由第二段These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. 可知ocean drilling不是自然的声音，故选B。

　　28【答案】A

　　【 解析】段落大意题，根据Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. 这是中心句可知同一种噪音在陆地和水面产生的效果是不一样，故选A。

　　29【答案】D

　　【 解析】推理判断题。根据第六段The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.可知水下巨大的爆炸声会使鲸失去听力，故选D。

　　30【答案】B【 解析】推理判断题。由文章的最后一句话They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. 可知科学家将来要采取措施阻止噪音对海洋生物的伤害，故选B。