路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 外研版 · 高考总复习 写作素能培养 第三部分
在英语写作中,学生最大的困扰是无法写出正确的句子,而传统“以考代练”的训练模式收效甚微。要从根本上提高英语写作水平,必须从认识句子的构成要素开始,先明白各种句子成分,会写基本的简单句,再写好各种高级复杂句,最后写出完美的精彩文章。 第一讲 明白句子成分 写出准确的简单句 第三部分 句子是用来描述一件事情,表达一个思想,提出一个问题,它是由一定语法结构排列组成的。构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。句子可以分为简单句,并列句和复合句。掌握好简单句的五种基本句式是写作的基础,因为其它各种句式都是由这五种句式转换而来。需要注意的是,只有包含了主语、谓语动词等的句子才是完整的简单句,否则就是不完整的句子(祈使句、省略句和特殊句式除外)。 五种基本句式如下: 一、主谓结构
如:This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗。(注意主谓一致和动词的语态) English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。(注意主谓一致和动词的语态) 二、主谓宾结构
如:He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。 The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
We arrived at the railway station at noon. 我们中午到达了火车站. 三、主谓+双宾语结构
用to变换间接宾语的动词:give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。 用for变换间接宾语的动词:make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。 如:He bought me a bottle of ink./He bought a bottle of ink for me. 他为我买了一瓶墨水。 Can you lend me that book?/Can you lend
that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗? 四、主系表结构
如:That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 五、主谓+复合宾语结构(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
如:I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。 He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。 Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。 The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这个小偷关进了监狱。 4.Should we sacrifice our children's future for our own interests? ________________________________________________ 5.Friends made my life full of excitement,imagination and romance. ____________________________________________ 答案:1.主语+系动词+表语 2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.主语+谓语(不及物动词) 4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 5.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 4.在中国,理科生要比文科生需求量大得多。(主系表结构) ______________________________________________
5.这种行为让我陷入了深深的思考。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语) ______________________________________________
6.高中生面临着文理科的选择。(主系表结构,be faced with) ______________________________________________
答案:1.I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and I'm sure I will be a good president. 2.After that,I swept and mopped the floor. 3.At the end of the term,I became one of the best players in my class. 4.Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. 5.Such behavior left me deep in thought. 6.High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science.
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