五、“似是而非”定语从句 第一组 ①It was the small city ________ I once worked. ②It was in the small city ________ I once worked. A.where
B.which
C.that
D.on which 答案 ①A ②C 强调句型可以还原:若将It is/was和that/who去掉而句中不缺成分,结构完整,说明原句是强调句型;若结构不完整,则说明原句可能为定语从句。 第二组 ①She is such a pretty girl ________ I daren't look directly at. ②She is such a pretty girl ________ I daren't look directly at her. A.as
B.like
C.which
D.that 答案 ①A ②D 比较such ...as与such...that:前者引导的是定语从句,as须作主语、宾语、表语等;后者引导的是结果状语从句,that不作成分。 第三组 ①I still live ________ I was born. ②I still live in the town ________ I was born. ③I still have a question ________ I was born. A.where
B.in which
C.A & B 答案 ①A ②C ③A where引导定语从句时,其前须有地点名词,where常可用“介词+which”取代;where引导的从句前如无地点名词,则不是定语从句,where就不可用“介词+which”取代。 第四组 ①________ is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month. ②________ is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month. ③________ is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It
B.As
C.That
D.What 答案 ①B ②A ③D as引导的定语从句位于句首时,与主句之间须用逗号隔开;it作形式主语时,其后一般不用逗号。what引导的主语从句位于句首时,其后一般不用逗号,主语从句后须有谓语动词。 第五组 ①I have two sisters,________ are teachers. ②I have two sisters,and ________ are teachers. ③I have two sisters;________ are teachers. ④I have two sisters,________ teachers. A.both of who B.both of them C.both of whom 答案 ①C ②B ③B ④B 非限制性定语从句:从句前须有逗号,没有连词,且从句中须有谓语动词;并列句:一般由and等并列连词连接或中间有分号隔开;独立主格结构:无谓语动词。 第六组 ①The fact ________ he is lying is clear. ②The fact ________ he told us was surprising. A.that
B.which
C.不填
D.A,B&C 答案 ①A ②D 名词后接同位语从句时,that不在从句中作成分,that一般不可省;后接定语从句时,that须在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等,作宾语时可省。 高频语法讲练 第一章 定语从句
△定语从句讲解△ 一、定语从句的三个基本概念 1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或整个句子。 2.关系词:代替先行词,用来连接先行词和定语从句,同时在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。 3.定语从句:放在先行词之后,用来修饰先行词的句子。 【例1】 This is the boy ________ we are looking for. A.what
B.which
C.that
D.whose 答案 C 二、判断关系词的方法 1.看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。 2.看先行词指人还是指物。 3.根据关系词在从句中所作的成分。 【例2】 The person ________ often comes to help me is my father. A.who
B.whom
C.what
D.which 答案 A 【例3】 I'll never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers,________ has a great effect on my later life. A.in which;that
B.when;which C.which;that
D.when;who 答案 B 三、关系词的基本用法 1.关系代词that的用法 先行词是人或物,that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 【例4】 The student ________ is studying English often gives me books ________ I want very much. A.that;that
B.which;which C.that;what
D.which;that 答案 A 【例5】 China isn't the country ________ it used to be. A.which
B.that
C.as
D.where 答案 B 2.关系代词which的用法 先行词是物,which在从句中作主语、宾语。 【例6】 In fact the Swede didn't understand the three questions ________ were asked in French. A.where
B.who
C.in which
D.which 答案 D 3.关系代词who/whom的用法 先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom只作宾语。 【例7】 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
(2010·湖南) A.who
B.where
C.when
D.which 答案 A 【例8】 Do you know the woman ________ we met at the gate? A.which
B.what
C.whom
D.where 答案 C 4.关系代词whose的用法 先行词是人或物,whose在从句中作定语。whose+n.= the+n.+of which/whom= of which/whom+the+n. 【例9】 His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ________ family was poor. A.of whom
B.whom C.of whose
D.whose 答案 A 【例10】 Please pass me the dictionary ________ cover is black. A.of which
B.which C.of whose
D.whose 答案 D 5.关系副词when的用法 先行词是时间,when在从句中作时间状语。 【例11】 That's the day ________ my father was born in America. A.that
B.when
C.where
D.which 答案 B 6.关系副词where的用法 先行词是地点,where在从句中作地点状语。 【例12】 —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber's ________ I go.It's only 15.(2010·天津) A.as
B.which
C.where
D.that 答案 C 7.关系副词why的用法 先行词是reason,why在从句中作原因状语。 【例13】 Do you know the reason ________ he was late for the party? A.that
B.when
C.why
D.how 答案 C 8.关系代词but的用法 先行词是否定,but本身也是否定且在从句中一般只作主语。but = that ...not 【例14】 In the world there is no one ________ has a few faults. A.that
B.but
C.who
D.whom 答案 B 四、定语从句的注意事项 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形 式 其前无逗号 其前有逗号 翻 译 译在先行词前(即:从句译作先行词的定语) 译成与主句并列的一个分句 (即:译作两句) 功 能 修饰名词或代词 可修饰名词或代词,也可修饰整个主句 关系词 可用that引导;作宾语的关系代词常可省 不可用that引导;关系词一律不省 意 义 起限制作用(若被省 去,原句意义不完整) 起补充说明作用(若被省去,原句意义不受影响) 【例15】 He has a strange character,________ makes him hard to get along with. A.who
B.which
C.that
D.what 答案 B 【例16】 That is Tom's father ________ works in Chuangxin. A.whom
B.who
C.that
D.what 答案 B 2.注意定语从句谓语动词的形式 关系代词作定语从句的主语时,从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。 【例17】 He who ________ reach the Great Wall is not a true man. A.don't
B.doesn't
C.isn't
D.aren't 答案 B 下列两种情况须特别注意 (1)在“one of+复数名词”后面,定语从句的谓语用复数。 (2)在“the (only) one of+复数名词”后面,定语从句的谓语用单数。 【例18】 Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ evening dress.(2010·全国Ⅱ) A.wear
B.wears C.has worn
D.have worn 答案 B 3.关系词常可省略的情况 (1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时; (2)先行词是某些表示时间的名词(如time等)时; (3)先行词the way后面的关系词作状语时(可理解为省略关系词that或in which)。 【例19】 It's time ________ we went to school. A.when
B.as
C.不填
D.which 答案 C 4.由“介词+whom/which”引出的定语从句 介词的选用:(1)看介词和从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配; (2)看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配; (3)看从句谓语部分与前面先行词之间的搭配; (4)表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of。(注意:该结构中的关系代词一般不用that/who,且其中的whom/which不可省。) 【例21】 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
(2010·浙江) A.whom
B.which
C.them
D.those 答案 A 【例22】 Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
(2010·上海) A.on which
B.by which C.to which
D.from which 答案 C 【例23】 Is this the dictionary ________ you spent five dollars? A.to which
B.for which C.on which
D.that 答案 C 5.先行词指“物”时,用that一般不用which的情况 (1)先行词是不定代词all,none,little,much,everything,nothing等时; (2)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时; (3)先行词被序数词或the last,the only,the very修饰时; (4)先行词既有人又有物时; (5)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。 【例24】 I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.
(2010·全国Ⅱ) A.who
B.that
C.as
D.what 答案 B 【例25】 They talked about the things and persons ________ they remembered in the school in the past. A.which
B.that
C.whom
D.what 答案 B 【例26】 She was the only person in her office ________ was invited to the ball. A.who
B.that
C.where
D.which 答案 A/B 6.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较 相同点:(1)先行词都可指代整个主句;(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 不同点:(1)as引导的从句可位于句首,而which则不行; (2)as有“正如……”之意,而which表示“这一点”。 【例27】 ________ is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It
B.As
C.Which
D.What 答案 B 【例28】 My father has returned from abroad,________ makes our family very happy. A.that
B.which
C.it
D.as 答案 B 7.与the same连用的关系词 比较the same...as与the same...that:一般说来,前者表“同类”,后者表“同一”。 【例29】 Tom took away the camera because it was just the same camera ________ he lost last week. A.as
B.like
C.which
D.that 答案 D 8.先行词表示时间、地点或原因时,关系词用that或which的情况 有时,先行词虽表时间、地点或原因,但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等而不是作状语,这时,不用when,where或why,要用that或which。 【例30】 I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. A.when;which
B.which;when C.what;that
D.on which;when 答案 A 【例31】 This is the reason ________ prevented us from coming. A.why
B.for which C.that
D.what 答案 C
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