二、过去分词(done)常表被动,动作已完成 1.定语
A.看作定语的分词与被修饰词之间的关系,①存在主动关系用
现在分词doing;②存在被动关系用过去分词done(表动作已完
成)或现在分词被动态being done(表被动动作正进行)
a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的婴儿
spoken English英语口语
the building being built now在建的大楼
B.部分不及物动词的分词有进行与完成之分,无主动、被动意
味。如:
developing country
发展中的国家
developed country
发达的国家
changing world
还在变化的世界 changed world
变化了的世界 falling leaves
正在下落的叶子 fallen leaves
落叶 boiling water
沸水 boiled water
开过的水 rising sun
初升的太阳 Risen sun
升起了的太阳 C.表示人的心理活动的动词如:amuse,surprise,interest,excite,move,please,satisfy,disappoint,worry,tire,frighten,relax,puzzle等,现在分词常修饰物(表使人如何),过去分词常修饰人(表本身如何)。此时的动词已失去动作意义,是形容词。
excited people激动的人们
exciting news令人激动的消息 2.表语
The cup is broken.杯子是破的。
I am very tired.我很累。 3.宾补
A.现在分词doing作宾补,常表主动动作正在进行或某一动作或
状态一直在持续。
I found him sleeping.我发现他在睡觉。
We have the lights burning.我们让灯一直开着。
B.过去分词(done)作宾补强调一被动动作已完成或一种状态,现
在分词被动态(being done)强调一被动动作正在进行。
I have my bike repaired.我把自行车拿去修理了。
We saw shop windows being painted by two workers.
我看见两个工人正在油漆橱窗。 4.状语
多表伴随、条件、时间、原因、结果、方式,分词作状语要看
作状语的动词与句子主语之间的关系。
A.存在主动关系,用①现在分词一般式doing;②现在分词的完
成式having done(时间上有先后关系)
B.存在被动关系用①过去分词done(强调动作已完成);②现在分
词的被动态being done(强调一被动动作正在进行);③现在分词
完成式的被动态。having been done(强调一被动动作发生在句子
谓语动词所表示的动作时间之前)。
They came into the classroom,singing and dancing.
他们又唱又跳地进了教室。 Being a student,I must study hard.因为我是学生,我得努力学习。 Having time,I’ll come to see you.有时间的话我会来看你。 Having finished the work,we went out for a walk. 完成工作后我们就出去走了走。 Built in 1900,the bridge is over 100 years old. 这桥建于1900年,有100多年的历史了。 Being repaired now,the car can’t be used.车还在修,现在用不了。 Having been criticized by his teacher,the boy decided to correct his mistakes. 那个小孩受到老师的批评后决定改正错误。 语法专练 1.While watching television,________.
A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell was rung
C.I heard the doorbell ring
D.the doorbell was ringing
解析:句意为:“我看电视时听到了门铃响了”。watching
television的逻辑主语只能是人。
答案:C 2.________from the tallest building,the whole city looks more
beautiful.
A.See
B.Saw
C.Seeing
D.Seen
解析:句意为:站在最高的大楼看整个城市,它显得更美了。
seen短语作状语与the whole city成被动关系。
答案:D 3.When we got back,we found the gas________but the door
remained________.
A.burned;locked
B.burned;locking
C.burning;locked
D.to burn;locking
解析:句意为:当我回去时,我发现煤气还是开着的而门仍是
锁的。burning作宾补与gas成主动关系,而locked作表语与the
door成被动关系。
答案:C 4.The radio________tomorrow is Mary’s.
A.repairing
B.repaired
C.to be repaired
D.being repaired
解析:句意为:明天要修的收音机是Mary的。repaired表“已修
了的”,being repaired表“正在被修理的”而to be repaired(不
定式的被动态)表“被动动作将要进行”。
答案:C 5.________good,the food sold out soon.
A.Taste
B.Tasting
C.Tasted
D.To taste
解析:句意为:这食物味道好,很快就卖光了。taste是系动
词,没有被动态,故用现在分词作状语。
答案:B 6.You can’t catch me!Mary shouted,________away.
A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.ran
解析:现在分词作伴随状语与Mary成主动关系。
答案:B 7.________from his accent,he is from Beijing.
A.Judging
B.Judged
C.To judge
D.Judge
解析:句意为:根据口音判断,他是北京人。judging from
(根据……判断),是评注性状语为一固定结构,作状语时,不
考虑其与主语的关系。
答案:A 8.________more time,I can do it better.
A.Given
B.To give
C.Be given
D.Give
解析:句意为:给我多点时间的话,我会做得更好,given作条
件状语与I成被动关系。
答案:A 9.Anyone________to vote must come to the meeting.
A.wishing
B.desiring
C.wished
D.hoped
解析:句意为:任何想投票的人必须来参加会议。现在分词短语
作定语修饰anyone成主动关系,wishing常表不大能实现的愿望。
答案:B 10.Things________never come again.
A.lost
B.losing
C.lose
D.have lost
解析:句意为:覆水难收。lost过去分词作定语修饰things,
与其成被动关系。
答案:A 1.________many times,but he still couldn’t understand it.
A.Having been told
B.Having told
C.He had been told
D.Though he had been told
解析:but连接的应是两个表转折关系的并列句。选A作状语,
必须将but去掉。
答案:C 2.________,I went out for a walk.
A.There was nothing to do
B.There being nothing to do
C.There had nothing to do
D.I had nothing to do
解析:句意为:由于没事可做,我出去走了走。C项的句型有错。
A、D两项均为两完整的句子,与后面句子没有连接词连接成并列
句或主从句。B项为分词作状语构成了独立主格结构。
答案:B 3.________an answer,he decided to write another letter to her.
A.Having not received
B.Not received
C.Not having received
D.Having not received
解析:句意为:由于没有收到回信,他决定再写一封信给她。
分词的否定式是在其前面加not。动词receive与主语he成主动
关系,且时间发生在决定写另一封信这一动作之前。
答案:C 4.There was a ______expression on his face at the______news.
A.puzzling;puzzling
B.puzzled;puzzled
C.puzzling;puzzled
D.puzzled;puzzling
解析:句意为:听到那条令人感到困惑的消息时他脸上显示出
了迷惑的表情。puzzled表“(自身)困惑的,迷惑的”。Puzzling
表“令人迷惑/困惑的”。
答案:D 5.China is a ________ country ________to the Third World.
A.developing;belonging
B.developed;belonged
C.developing;belonged
D.developed;belonging
解析:句意为:中国是一个发展中国家,属于第三世界;
developing表“发展中的”作定语修饰country,现在分词
belonging也是作定语修饰country,存在主动关系。
答案:A 【例1】 There are plenty of jobs ________in the western part of
the country.
(2008·浙江,12)
A.present
B.available
C.precious
D.convenient 【解题方法指导】 句意:在那个国家的西部地区有许多工作供你
选择。present目前的,现在的(作前置定语);出席的,在场的
(作后置定语);available可用的,可得到的,可达到的;
precious宝贵的,珍贵的;convenient方便的,便利的。
答案:B
教材原文对照
There were inventions and developments in China which were
not available in Europe at that time.
(P26) 【例2】 —How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car________twice
on the way.
(2009·四川,8)
A.slowed down
B.broke down
C.got down
D.put down 【解题方法指导】 句意:——峨眉山之游感觉如何啊?——其他
都很好,就是我的车抛锚了两次。slow down放慢(速度),(使)
减速;break down损坏,(健康等)垮掉,崩溃;get down下来,
写下,使沮丧;put down记下。
答案:B
教材原文对照
First his two sledges broke down,and then the horses began to
have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
(P28) 【例3】 Some parents are just too protective.They want
to________their kids from every kind of danger,real or
imagined.
(2009·湖北,24)
A.spot
B.dismiss
C.shelter
D.distinguish 【解题方法指导】 句意:有些父母太保护孩子了。他们极力想为
他们的孩子顶住来自各方面的危险,无论是真实的还是想象的危
险。spot看出、注意到;dismiss打发走,解散;shelter袒护,
庇护,避难;n.庇护所;distinguish区别,辨别。又如:We
all think we should help the poor and shelter the
homeless.我们都认为我们应该帮助贫困者,庇护无家可归者。
答案:C
教材原文对照
We’ll teach you survival skills and you’ll learn how to make a
fire and build your own shelter.
(P31) 重点单词 1.risk vt.冒……的危险,冒险干 n.冒险,风险;危险的人/事物
【精讲拓展】
risk sth.冒……的危险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
at the risk of doing sth.冒着……的风险
take a risk(to do sth.)冒险做某事
take the risk of/in sth./doing sth.甘冒(做)某事的风险 Module 3 Unit 8 Adventure
【典型例句】
He risked his life to save the drowning boy.
他冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的男孩。
[朗文当代]
He who risks nothing gains nothing.
不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
[朗文当代]
Whoever you are,don’t take the risk of doing a job like that.
无论你是谁,都不要冒险做那样一份工作。
[朗文当代]
He risked losing his house when his company went bankrupt.
他的公司破产时,他差点连自己家的房子都保不住了。[剑桥高阶]
即学即用
①He thinks we shouldn’t go ahead with this plan because of the
________ of failure.
A.future
B.pressure
C.worry
D.risk
解析:句意:他认为我们不应该执行这个计划,因为失败的风险
很大。risk指可能存在的危险。
答案:D 2.differ vi.不同,有区别
【精讲拓展】
differ from...in...在……方面与……不同
differ (with sb.) about/on /over sth.(和某人)就某事意见不同
be different from sb./sth.in sth.在某方面不同于某人或某物
make a difference有影响,起主要作用
make no difference不起作用,没影响,不重要 【典型例句】
Economists differ on the cause of inflation.
经济学家们对通货膨胀的原因看法不一。[剑桥高阶]
His opinion differs entirely from mine.
他的意见与我的意见完全不同。[朗文当代]
It makes a great difference to me.这对我很重要。[朗文当代]
Is there any significant difference in quality between these two
items?这两件东西在质量方面有显著的差别吗?[剑桥高阶] 即学即用 ②They are different________nature.
A.in
B.on
C.of
D.with
解析:句意为:他们本质上有区别。be different in表在……
方面有所不同。
答案:A 3.tire vt.疲倦,(使)厌烦,(使)厌倦
【精讲拓展】
tire sb.out使某人筋疲力尽
tiring adj.引起疲劳的,累人的
tired adj.疲劳的,厌烦的
be tired of厌烦
be tired from/with因……而疲倦
be tired out累坏了 【典型例句】
I am tired of living in the same area.
我厌倦了生活在同一地区。
[朗文当代]
I am tired from overwork.过度工作使我很疲倦。
[朗文当代]
Let the kids run around in the garden and that’ll soon tire them
out.
让孩子们在院子里跑跑吧,他们很快就会筋疲力尽的。[剑桥高阶]
即学即用
翻译句子
③他助人不倦。
He never tires of helping others. 4.anxious adj.忧虑的,担心的;渴望的,急切的
【精讲拓展】
be anxious about sb./sth.为……而担心
be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事
be anxious for sb. to do sth.急于让某人做某事
with anxiety=anxiously焦虑地
【典型例句】
I am anxious for/about his safety.我很担心他的安全。[朗文当代]
I’m anxious to get home to open my presents.
我恨不得马上到家去打开礼物。
[剑桥高阶]
They were anxious that they (should) have everything they want.
他们渴望得到所有他们想要的东西。
[朗文当代]
We waited with great anxiety for more news about the accident.
我们忧心忡忡地等待着有关这一事故的更多消息。
[朗文当代]
即学即用
④I am anxious________ the result of exam.
A.about
B.to
C.with
D.over
解析:句意:我急于想知道考试结果。
答案:A 5.patience n.耐心,耐性,容忍
【精讲拓展】
be/get out of patience with对……失去耐心
lose one’s patience with失去……的耐心
have no patience with 不能容忍,对……没有耐心
be patient with对……有耐心
be patient of能忍受,容许 【典型例句】
I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little
patience. 请耐心点,我会尽快调查此事。
[朗文当代]
He’s a good teacher,but he doesn’t have much patience with the
slower pupils.
他是个好老师,但对较迟钝的学生没多大耐心。
[剑桥高阶]
Be patient with her—she’s very young.
对她耐心点——她年纪太小了。
[剑桥高阶]
即学即用
翻译句子
⑤她是一位富有耐心和想象力的活泼的年轻妇女。
She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination. 6.break vt.& vi.撕破;摔开;损坏
【精讲拓展】
break out(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)突然爆发
break away from逃脱;脱离(政党等);打破(陈套等)
break down出故障;(计划等)失败;(身体,精神等)垮掉;(关系
或讨论)破裂;(化合物等)分解
break in闯入;打断,插嘴
break into...破门而入;突然……起来
break through突破;冲破
break off折断;(突然)中止,结束
break up打碎;拆散,放假;(集合)结束
【典型例句】
He likes to break in when others are talking.
别人讲话时他喜欢插嘴。
[朗文当代]
The two countries have broken off diplomatic relations with each
other. 这两个国家突然中断了外交关系。
[朗文当代]
Fire broke out during the night.夜间突然起火了。[美国传统]
即学即用
完成句子
⑥The police broke
up
(驱散)the crowd.
解析:句意为:警察驱散人群。 ⑦It was wrong of him
to
break
away
from
(断绝往来)all
his old friends.
解析:句意为:他断绝了与他所有老朋友的往来是错的。 7.run vi.& vt.跑;开动(机器等);经营;伸展,扩散,流动
【精讲拓展】
run out结束,……东西用完了(主语为物,无被动态);流出
run out of(人)用完了……;从……中流出/跑出
run across无意中碰到,遇见
run after追逐;追求
run into碰撞;偶然遇到
run over浏览;(车辆)碾压
run through浏览 【典型例句】
They soon ran out of their food.=They soon used up their food.
他们很快用完了食物。
[朗文当代] Let me know if you run across my keys. 如果你碰巧看到了我的钥匙,告诉我一声。
[美国传统] His car ran into the fence.他的汽车撞上了围栏。[朗文当代] She’s been running after him for years. 她追求他多年了。
[美国传统] 即学即用 ⑧Keep the machine________,and you will know how it works.
A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.runs
解析:句意为:让机器开着,这样你就可以了解机器的运行情
况。keep...doing让……处于……状态。
答案:B 8.carry vt.搬,抬,提,拿,背
【精讲拓展】
carry on从事,经营;继续做某事
carry out实施;贯彻;执行
carry through进行到底,完成
carry about/around随身携带 【典型例句】
We should carry out the plan to the full.
我们应该不折不扣地执行计划。
[朗文当代]
Despite powerful opposition,they managed to carry their
reforms through.尽管遇到了强大的阻力,但是他们还是设法进
行了改革。
[朗文当代]
The debate was carried off without any difficulty.
辩论轻松地结束了。[美国传统]
He carried through the work.他完成了那件工作。
[朗文当代] 即学即用 ⑨I carried ________my promise.
A.off
B.away
C.out
D.at
解析:句意为:我实现了我的诺言。A表“夺走”,B表“冲走,搬
走”。
答案:C
⑩We carried________the discussion.
A.on
B.off
C.about
D.at
解析:句意:我们继续讨论。
答案:A 9.various adj.不同的,种种的,各种各样的
【精讲拓展】
variety n.种类,种种
a variety of/varieties of多种多样的
vary vi.变化,不同,变更,改变
vary with随……而变化
vary from...to...从……到……转变 【典型例句】
The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.
天气变化很大,会从冷变得相当暖和。
[朗文当代]
The shirt is available in a wide variety of colours.
这种衬衫有各种各样的颜色可供选择。
[朗文当代]
Her mood varies with the weather.
她的情绪随天气的变化而变化。
[朗文当代]
I varied the speed of the drill to get it to work better.
我调整了钻头的速度以使其更好用。
[美国传统]
即学即用
翻译句子
⑪他多方面的成就给人以深刻的印象。
His various achievements are most impressive.
10.back n.背部,反面;vt.使后退/倒退;支持;vi.后退,倒退
【精讲拓展】
back out决定不履行(允诺的事);食言;打退堂鼓
back sb. on sth.支持某人某事
back up后退,倒车;支持;证实
back away退缩;退却 【典型例句】
He had a lot of evidence to back up his arguments.
他有许多证据证明自己的观点。
[朗文当代]
I promised to help and I’m not backing out now.
我答应过要帮忙,现在我也没有打退堂鼓。
[朗文当代]
There was an argument because neither side was willing to back
down.双方都不愿意让步,于是争论了起来。
[美国传统]
Don’t talk about me behind my back.
不要在背后议论我。
[美国传统]
即学即用
英译汉 ⑫Someone must be at the back of this.
这事一定有什么人在背后捣鬼。 11.limit v.限制,限定,n.边界,限度
【精讲拓展】
beyond/over the limit超过限度
within limits在一定范围内
without limit无限制性
limit sth.to sth.把……限定在……的范围内
be limited to局限于
【典型例句】
His speech was limited to five minutes.
他的演讲被限制到五分钟。
[朗文当代]
I’ll help as much as I can,but there’s a limit to what I can do.
我会尽力帮忙,但我所能做的也是有限度的。[朗文当代]
Try to limit your talk to ten minutes.
尽量把你的讲话限制在10分钟内。
[美国传统]
即学即用
完成句子
⑬I can’t shoulder such a great responsibility;I know
my
own
limits
(能力有限).
解析:句意:我无法肩负如此重任,我自知能力有限。 12.advantage n.有利,有利条件
【精讲拓展】
at an advantage有利地,占优势地
take advantage of乘机利用
gain/win/have an(the)advantage over胜过,优于
be of advantage to对……有利
to one’s advantage对某人有利 【典型例句】
Being able to speak another language fluently is a great advantage
when you are looking for a job.当你找工作的时候,能熟练地说另
一门语言是一种优势。
[朗文当代]
You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence.
你应该利用这好天气给篱笆上油漆。
[朗文当代]
His height and reach give him a big advantage over(=make him
better than)other boxers.他身高臂长,这使他在和其他拳击手较
量时占有很大优势。
[剑桥高阶] 即学即用 ⑭You will find it________your advantage to learn some German
before you visit Switzerland.
A.to
B.at
C.over
D.on
解析:句意为:你会发现到瑞士前学点德语对你有好处。to
one’s advantage对……有好处。
答案:A 重点短语 get across(使)通过;(使)被理解;(把……)表达清楚 【精讲拓展】
get about/around走动;(消息等)传开
get sth.across to sb.向某人表达
get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真考虑做某事
get down把……写下来;使悲伤,使沮丧
get along/on with进展;与……相处……
get through熬过困境;接通电话;做完,通过(测试)
get over痊愈,克服,战胜
get rid of摆脱,除去
get into陷入;养成(某种习惯) 【典型例句】
He’s not good at getting his idea across.
他不善于表达思想。
[朗文当代]
Sooner or later you’ll get over the shock.
迟早你会从震惊中恢复过来的。
[朗文当代]
I’m going to get down to studying English this term.
这学期我要认真学习英语了。
[朗文当代]
I telephoned twice,but couldn’t get through.
我打了两次电话,但都没打通。
[美国传统] 即学即用 用get相关词组填空 ⑮The news of their secret wedding soon got
about
.
解析:句意:他们秘密结婚的消息很快传开了。 ⑯The message got about/around at last.
解析:指:(消息、谣言等)传开。 ⑰A police officer grabbed him,but he got away .
解析:get away表“挣脱”。 重点句型 as well as除……之外(也),与……一样(程度) 【精讲拓展】
as well as含义相当于not only...but also等,表“不但……而
且……,既……又……”。它可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动
词、介词短语、非谓语动词及从句。
as well as也可用作介词,放在句末或句首,含义与用法相当于
besides,in addition to。
由as well as连接的复合宾语并不影响谓语动词的数,即as well
as后面的部分不应看作主语的一部分。
as well as在意义上强调前者。 【典型例句】
He as well as his parents is kind to me.他和他的父母对我都很好。
The stars shine during the day as well as at night.
星星不仅夜间发光,白天也发光。
He can sing as well as,if not better than,John.
如果他唱得不如约翰好的话,起码是唱得一样好。 名师原创 1.Chinese differs greatly________Japanese________pronunciation.
A.from;in
B.with;at
C.from;on
D.in;from
解析: differ from... in...表“在……方面与……不同”。
答案:A 2.—Climate here doesn’t agree________some of us.
—I agree________you on this point.
A.with;with
B.to;with
C.to;about
D.on;with
解析:句意:“这儿的气候不适合于我”“在这点上我非常认
同。”agree with表“适合,与……相一致”,也可表“同意……人
的看法”。
答案:A 3.The latest________in women’s clothes indicate that people now
care more about being comfortable.
A.tracks
B.signs
C.directions
D.trends
解析:句意:女子服装的最新潮流表明现在人更在乎穿着时的舒
适。track表“痕迹”;sign表“标牌”;direction表“方向”。
答案:D 4.—Do you have any double rooms________?
—Oh,let me see if there are any left.
A.preferable
B.considerable
C.possible
D.avaiable
解析:句意:“有双人间吗?”“让我看看是否有。”preferable
表“更好的,更可取的”;considerable表“相当多(大)的”;
avaiable表“可得到的,可利用的”。
答案:D 5.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it________very
well.
A.worked out
B.worked on
C.went out
D.carried on
解析:work out表“结果”;work on表“从事”;carry on 表“继
续”;go out表“(灯等)熄灭”。
答案:A 6.—Angelia looks blue today.
—Yes,but she won’t say ________ bothers her.
A.why is it that
B.that is why
C.it is what
D.what it is that
解析:考查宾语从句。say是及物动词,可知后面应是宾语从
句,宾语从句中含强调句型,因宾语从句需使用陈述语序,再
根据句意“是什么使她烦恼的”,答案为what it is that。
答案:D 7.________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal
services.
A.What
B.Who
C.Whatever
D.Whoever
解析:句意为:这个店的特点是它提供更多的个性服务。What
引导主语从句作makes的主语。
答案:A 8.Perhaps that is the only point________I completely agree.
A.that
B.which
C.when
D.where
解析:句意为:也许这是我唯一完全认可的地方。where引导定
语从句修饰point,在从句中作状语。
答案:D 9.—Look!What a mistake!Why?
—Sorry ,I________on it.
A.don’t concentrate
B.hadn’t concentrated
C.hadn’t been concentrating
D.wasn’t concentrating
解析:句意为:“瞧!你犯了多么严重的错误!为什么?”“对不
起我那时注意力不集中。”
答案:D 10.________in this way,this kind of flower belongs to the
subtropical plant.
A.Once sorting
B.If sorting
C.When it sorted
D.If sorted
解析:句意为:以这种方式分类,这种花属于亚热带植物。是
if it is sorted的省略,sort与flower成被动关系。
答案:D 分 词
分词分现在分词、过去分词 一、现在分词doing常表主动,动作正进行(也可表经常性动作、
状态,还可表条件、原因、方式等),具有动词、副词、形
容词的特征。
(1)现在分词的形式有:主动态的一般式、完成式;被动态
的一般式、完成式。(即doing,having done;being done,
having been done)
(2)现在分词的一般式表示的动作与句中谓语动词表示的动
作同时或几乎同时发生。
She sat there reading the book.她坐在那里看书。
(3)现在分词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示
的动作时间之前。
Having lived there for many years,he told us a lot about
things about the city. 在那个城市居住多年之后,他给我们
讲了关于那儿的很多事情。
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