2017届（全国卷地区）高考英语一轮复习学生手册：必修3 Unit 4《Astronomy：the science of the stars》听课手册

　　　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇有关UFO的文章。

　　请根据以下信息，简要介绍UFO。

　　名称简介 UFO是Unidentified Flying Object 的缩写

　　世界十大未解之谜之一

　　有关事件 首次目击报告是在1878年的美国

　　从那以后目击报告层出不穷，有许多是虚假的

　　人们的看法 来自其他行星的太空飞船

　　一种自然现象

　　外星人

　　研究状况 三分之一的国家对UFO展开研究

　　大量关于UFO的图书和期刊出版

　　有些大学开设UFO课程

　　外星人 alien

　　　精彩美文　

　　UFO, which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, has long been regarded as one of the top 10 unsolved mysteries in the world. The first UFO sighting was reported to have happened in America in 1878. Since then, numerous sightings have been reported all over the world, many of which turned out to be false. Some people think UFOs are spaceships from other planets, others believe that they're just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess they're aliens. Now about one third of the countries in the world are doing research on UFOs, about which many books and journals have been published, and in some universities courses are even set up to study UFOs.

　　　名师点睛　

　　1．文章体裁：说明文。

　　2．行文逻辑：介绍UFO→人们的看法→研究状况。

　　3．词汇短语：运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如：be short for(是……的简称)，be regarded as(被认为是……)，turn out(结果……)，set up(建立，成立)等。

　　4．句式句法：运用了多样化的句式结构。如：①定语从句：which is short for Unidentified Flying Object, many of which turned out to be false, about which many books and journals have been published；②宾语从句：that they're just a kind of natural phenomenon and still others guess they're aliens等。

　　Ⅰ.单词荟萃

　　1．________n．天文学→________n．天文学家

　　2．________n．生物学→________n．生物学家→biological adj.生物学的

　　3．________n．物理学家→________adj.物理学的→________n．物理，物理学

　　4．________vi.存在→________n．存在

　　5．________ vt.使……迷惑 n．难题；谜→________adj.迷惑不解的

　　6．________adj.猛烈的→________n．暴力→________adv.猛烈地

　　7．________adj.有害的→________n．害处 vt.对……有害

　　8．________ n．球体；地球仪→________adj.全世界的；全球性的

　　9．________prep.不像；和……不同→________(反义词)prep. →________v. & n．不喜欢

　　10．________n．质量；团；块；大量→________ (pl.)群众

　　Ⅱ.短语检测

　　1．下蛋　____________________

　　2．密切注视；当心；提防

　　____________________

　　3．既然

　　____________________

　　4．产生；分娩

　　____________________

　　5．及时；终于

　　____________________

　　6．阻止；制止

　　____________________

　　7．感到高兴；感到振奋

　　____________________

　　8．突发；爆发

　　____________________

　　9．挡住(光线)

　　____________________

　　10．轮到某人

　　____________________

　　Ⅲ.佳句再现

　　1．The earth became ________________it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　地球变得激烈动荡， 不知道这个形状是否会继续保持下去。

　　2．This produced a chain reaction，________ made it possible for life to develop.

　　这引起了连锁反应，为生命的发展提供了可能。

　　3．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried ________________ on the earth and fell over.

　　但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　4．So ______________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come ____________________ whether this problem can be solved.

　　所以， 在未来的数百万年中， 生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

　　5．As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky ______________ the sunlight.

　　由于这一事件，天空中形成一大团尘埃，遮住了阳光。

　　Ⅳ.课文回顾

　　The earth was just a cloud of 1.________ (dusty) after the “Big Bang”. The 2.________ (explode) of the earth produced water vapour, which turned into water when the earth 3.________ (cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made 4.________ possible for life to begin to develop. The 5.________(arrive) of small plants encouraged the 6.________(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.

　　Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，7.________(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. But they treat the planet in an 8.________(friend) way, and the earth becomes too 9.________(pollute). Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10.________ this problem can be solved.

　　　单词点睛　

　　1 harmful　adj. 有害的；伤害的(causing or capable of causing harm)

　　(1)be harmful to　对……有害

　　(2)do sb harm/do harm to sb

　　伤害某人

　　There is (no) harm in (sb's) doing sth

　　(某人)做某事有(无)害处

　　(3)harm n．& vt.

　　损伤；伤害

　　harmless adj.

　　无害的

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·江苏卷·阅读B] Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

　　在生产过程中产生的废品也是有害的。

　　(2)Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to (＝__________) ocean animals.

　　对于危害海洋动物健康的噪声的强度和种类，科学家们了解甚少。

　　(3)It never occurred to him that his carelessness could do ________________ to himself.

　　他从未想到他的粗心会对自己造成如此巨大的伤害。

　　(4)They may not be able to help but there's no harm in ________(ask) them.

　　他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。

　　2 exist　vi.存在；生存

　　(1)exist on sth (＝live on sth)　靠某物生存

　　exist in…

　　存在于……之中

　　exist as…

　　作为……而存在，以……形态存在

　　There exists…

　　有/存在……

　　(2)existence n.

　　存在

　　in existence

　　现存的；现有的

　　come into existence

　　产生；存在

　　bring into existence

　　使发生；使产生；使成立

　　[温馨提示] exist没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读D] If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn't exist.

　　如果人们过着正常的生活，这些咖啡厅就不会存在了。

　　(2)These services can __________ your systems or in other organizations' systems.

　　这些服务可以存在于您的系统或其他组织的系统中。

　　(3)According to some philosophers, everything in ________ is reasonable.

　　一些哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。

　　(4)Ever since a long time ago, there have existed different opinions among scientists on how the universe first existed (＝________)．

　　长期以来，在宇宙起源的这个问题上，科学家们一直存在着不同看法。

　　3 prevent　v．阻止；制止

　　prevent/stop/keep…from doing sth

　　阻止……做某事

　　protect…from

　　保护……不受……侵袭；挡住；防御

　　keep…doing sth

　　使……一直做某事

　　【巧学助记】

　　[温馨提示] (1)在主动语态中，stop/prevent…from doing sth中可省去from，而keep…from doing sth中的from不可省略； 在被动语态中，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。

　　(2)在protect…from结构中，from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·北京卷·阅读C] The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

　　真正的挑战是防止光散射。

　　(2)I am very sorry that a previous engagement prevents me ________ accepting your kind invitation.

　　很抱歉，因为我早已有约会，所以不能接受你友好的邀请。

　　(3)Every possible means should be taken to prevent the river from __________________.

　　应该采取各种可能的措施来防止这条河流受到污染。

　　(4)Unless we get more funding we'll ________________finishing our experimental programme.

　　如果我们得不到更多的经费，我们将无法完成实验项目。

　　4 puzzle　n. 谜；难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

　　(1)puzzle sb　使某人为难

　　be puzzled by

　　被……迷惑

　　puzzle about/over sth

　　苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

　　(2)be in a puzzle about sth

　　对某事迷惑不解

　　(3)puzzling adj.

　　令人困惑的

　　puzzled adj.

　　感到困惑的

　　[温馨提示] puzzled意为“迷惑的，不解的”，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的，让人不解的”，往往指物。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·四川卷·阅读E] People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.

　　长期以来，人们很不解的是埃及人是如何移动这些巨石的。

　　(2)How these creatures can survive in such severe conditions ________ scientists.

　　这些生物是如何在这样艰难的条件下存活的，这使科学家们很疑惑。

　　(3)The police are still puzzling (＝__________)about/over how the accident could have happened.

　　警察仍然在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。

　　(4)Due to their ________ nightmares the villagers have felt ________ recently.

　　因为最近村民们总做恶梦，所以大家都为此困惑不解。

　　(5)The reporters as well as some critics remained ________ by the election results.

　　一些评论家和记者们仍然对这次大选的结果困惑不解。

　　5 pull　n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

　　pull…up　把……往上拽

　　pull down

　　拆毁；摧毁

　　pull in

　　(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠

　　pull over

　　靠向路边

　　pull out

　　驶出；退出

　　pull through

　　康复；痊愈

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2015·天津卷·阅读C] I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.

　　我坐在地板上，从书架上随便抽了几本书。

　　(2)I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.

　　我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

　　(3)用pull短语的适当形式填空。

　　①The policeman signalled the driver to ________ his car so that he could check his license.

　　②The foreign firm decided to ________ because of strikes.

　　③He __________ his illness after the doctor had almost given him up.

　　④If you can ________ your English grammar you stand a good chance of succeeding in the exam.

　　　短语储存　

　　1 in time　(sooner or later)迟早；(eventually)最后；(early or soon enough)及时

　　on time　准时

　　all the time

　　一直，始终

　　at one time

　　曾经，一度

　　at a time

　　每次，逐一

　　from time to time

　　有时，偶尔

　　in no time

　　立刻，马上

　　at times

　　有时

　　[温馨提示] in time 后可接for sth/to do sth 的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及”。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)[2017·四川卷·阅读B] We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.

　　我们是夏季到的，正好赶上欣赏子夜的太阳。(及时)

　　(2)He was involved in a murder and in time they would pick him up.

　　他参与了一起谋杀案，迟早他们会找到他并将他逮捕。(迟早)

　　(3)It sounds as if you are getting treatment, and I hope that some mixture of drugs and cognitive behaviour therapy will help in time.

　　听起来你好像正在接受治疗，我希望药物加上认知行为疗法最终能帮到你。(最终)

　　(4)用time的相关短语填空。

　　①If you keep on, you'll succeed ____________．

　　②The car came to a stop just____________to prevent an accident.

　　③____________， half the land on the earth's surface was covered by the forest.

　　④We'll have had the leak fixed______________．

　　2 in one's turn　轮到某人；接着

　　in turn　依次；轮流；反之；反过来

　　by turns

　　轮流；交替地

　　take turns to do sth

　　轮流做某事

　　It is one’s turn to do sth.

　　轮到某人做某事。

　　It turns/turned out that…

　　结果是……

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)Mr Franklin seemed to be as helpless as his cousin when he heard the news in his turn.

　　当弗兰克林先生听到这个消息时，他也像他的表哥一样一筹莫展。

　　(2)It was my turn ________(recite). How I wish I had been able to say the rules without a mistake!

　　轮到我背诵了，我多么希望我能够一点也不错地把那些规则说出来啊！

　　(3)The young parents had to __________ to look after their sick baby.

　　这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看着他们生病的婴儿。

　　(4)The change of the climate

　　makes the earth warmer. __________， the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.

　　气候的变化导致全球气温升高，反之，地球的升温也在改变气候。

　　　句型透视　

　　1 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

　　…倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as…

　　【句式点拨】

　　该句型表示“……是……的几倍”，该句型也可用half, one fourth等词，表示“……是……的一半/四分之一等”。 常见的倍数的表达方式有：

　　(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…

　　(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…

　　(3)倍数＋the size/height/weight/depth/…＋of…

　　(4)倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as…

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be

　　＝three times as big as the present one.

　　＝three times bigger than the present one.

　　＝three times the size of the present one.

　　正在为下届亚运会而建设的新体育场将是目前这个体育场的三倍。

　　(2)The gravity on the surface of Mars is about ____________________ as it is on the earth. (strong)

　　火星表面的引力大约是地球表面引力的三分之一。

　　(3)Kenya, a land more than ________________ Britain, is everywhere parched. (size)

　　肯尼亚，一个面积是英国两倍多的地方，四处干旱炎热。

　　(4)It is reported that the United States uses ______________ the whole of Europe.(much，as)

　　据报道，美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍多。

　　2 This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这引起了连锁反应，为生命的发展提供了可能。

　　make it possible…使……成为可能

　　【句式点拨】

　　本句是“make it＋形容词/名词＋ to do sth”句型。其中it为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构。it作形式宾语，除指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句。

　　【活学活用】

　　(1)The issue of fair and equal education has aroused widespread concern, which makes it possible for more students from less­developed areas to be enrolled in universities.

　　教育的公平问题引起了大家的广泛关注，这使得更多来自不发达地区的学生有可能上大学。

　　(2)People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.

　　在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给他们的亲属和朋友。

　　(3)[2015·广东卷·阅读C] Traditional wisdom also has ________ that heavy television­watching lowers IQ(智商) scores and affects school performance.

　　传统的观点也认为看电视过多会降低智商得分并影响在校的表现。

　　Ⅰ.单句填空

　　1．Now there's a system ____________the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.

　　2．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus____________(improve)

　　his theory gradually until it was complete.

　　3．Sometimes he found ____________very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.

　　4．What makes me ____________(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.

　　5．Formaldehyde(甲醛) is used in the building materials, which is as ____________(harm)

　　a chemical to our health as melamine(三聚氰胺)．

　　6．____________we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important.

　　7．She strongly objected to my mother's marriage. Surprisingly, my mother's reaction ____________ it was rather calm.

　　8．The argument remains extremely heated on whether there are necessary conditions of ____________ (exist)

　　such as water on Mars.

　　9．“I begin to feel the ground beneath me shaking and then I feel the whole entire building is ____________ (violent) rocking around，” she said.

　　10．What we believed firmly was that dangerous areas did not prevent him from __________ (continue) his search.

　　Ⅱ.单句改错

　　1．The school has developed an online system which students can choose their own teachers.

　　2．Apes have flexible hands much like ours but unlike that of any other creature.

　　3．That he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.

　　4．Whenever I get in trouble,

　　my father always encourages me, “Don't worry, my girl. I'm sure everything will get better on time.”

　　5．The new bridge is three times width of that one built last year.

　　6．Tired as I was, in fact, I was prevented sleeping by the pain in my knee.

　　7．We hope the new machine will work faster, instead reducing our costs.

　　8．When people in the room heard someone crying “Fire! Fire！” they were seized by panic and began to run towards all directions.

　　9．Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere that they feel confident about doing so.

　　10．Because there is no air or wind on the moon, the footprints may stay there for million of years.

　　完成课时作业(十四)

　　Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

　　【基础自主梳理】

　　Ⅰ.1.astronomy；astronomer　2.biology；biologist

　　3．physicist；physical；physics　4.exist；existence

　　5．puzzle；puzzled　6.violent；violence；violently

　　7．harmful；harm　8.globe；global

　　9．unlike；like；dislike 　10.mass；masses

　　Ⅱ.1.lay eggs　2.watch out for　3.now that

　　4．give birth to　5.in time　6.prevent…from

　　7．cheer up　8.break out 　9.block out　10. in one's turn

　　Ⅲ.1.so violent that　2.which　3.twice as far as

　　4．whether; will depend on　5.blocking out

　　Ⅳ.1.dust　2.explosion　3.cooled　4.it　5.arrival　

　　6.development　7.were　8.unfriendly　9.polluted　10.whether

　　【考点互动探究】

　　单词点睛

　　1 (2)do harm to　(3)such great harm　(4)asking

　　2 (2)exist in　(3)existence　(4)came into existence

　　3 (2)from　(3)being polluted　(4)be prevented from

　　4 (2)puzzles　(3)in a puzzle　(4)puzzling; puzzled　(5)puzzled

　　5 (3)①pull over　②pull out　③pulled through　④pull up

　　短语储存

　　1 (4)①in time　②in time　③At one time　④in no time

　　2 (2)to recite　(3)take turns　(4)In turn

　　句型透视

　　1 (2)one third as strong　(3)twice the size of　(4)twice as much energy as

　　2 (3)it

　　【步步跟踪验收】

　　Ⅰ.1.where　2.improving　3.it　4.puzzled　5.harmful

　　6．That　7.to　8.existence　9.violently

　　10．continuing

　　Ⅱ.1.which前加in或which 改为where　2.that改为those

　　3．That改为What　4.on改为in

　　5．width 前加the　6.prevented 后加from

　　7．instead改为thus　8.towards 改为in

　　9．that改为where　10.million改为millions