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2017届高考英语(北师大版)一轮复习综合训练(课件):Module 5 Unit 15 Learning

发布时间:2017-02-27  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  3.虚拟语气在as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用

  (谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实

  相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He

  felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.

  表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。现在

  或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would

  rather he went right now.

  4.在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式

  或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am

  in!If only I had followed your advice.

  虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀

  疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存

  在的事实。

  语法专练 1.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he

  ________ it differently.

  A.could express

  B.would express

  C.could have expressed

  D.must have expressed

  解析:句意:他不后悔说他做了什么,但是他觉得本可以用

  其他方式表达。和过去相反,故用could have done。

  答案:C 2.The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after

  eating a large meal.

  A.wouldn’t

  B.couldn’t

  C.needn’t

  D.shouldn’t

  解析:句意:医生建议你不要在吃饱后去游泳。Recommend

  后加从句谓语动词用should do。

  答案:D

  3.This printer is of good quality.If it ________ break

  down within the first year,we would repair it at our

  expense.

  A.Would

  B.Should

  C.Could

  D.might

  解析:句意:这种打印机质量非常好,如果一年内出现问

  题,免费修理。根据句意应是对将来的虚拟,故选B。

  答案:B 4.The teacher demanded that the exam __________

  before eleven.

  A.must finish

  B.would be finished

  C.be finished

  D.must be finished

  解析:句意:老师要求11点以前结束考试。demand后的宾

  语从句中谓语动词用should do。

  答案:C 5.She made the demand that the journalists ________

  at once ________ Iraq.

  A.leave;for

  B.leave;to

  C.left;to

  D.to be left;for

  解析:句意:她要求记者立即赶往伊拉克。本句是一个同

  位语从句,demand后的同位语从句中谓语动词应用should

  do。

  答案:A 6.He is talking so much about America as if he ________

  there.

  A.had been

  B.has been

  C.was

  D.has gone

  解析:句意:他谈起美国,好像他去过一样。本题考查as if引

  导的从句中的虚拟语气,和过去事实相反,故选A。

  答案:A 7.The young man insisted that he ________ nothing wrong

  and ________ free.

  A.did;set

  B.had done;should be set

  C.should do;be set

  D.had done;must be set

  解析:句意:年轻人坚持说他没做错,应该被释放。第一空表

  示坚持认为,用陈述语气,第二空表示应该,用虚拟语气,故

  选B。

  答案:B 8.I suggested there ________ be a kind of language

  ________ all could understand and use.

  A.can;it

  B./;/

  C.would;it

  D.may;/

  解析:我建议应该有一种语言,全世界都可以理解和使用。

  suggest后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,第二空是定语从句,从

  句中缺少宾语,故选B。

  答案:B 9.The suggestion has been made ________ the

  basketball game ________ put off.

  A.for;to

  B.that;be

  C.which;should be

  D.to;being

  解析:句意:有人建议篮球比赛应该取消。第一空用

  that引导同位语从句,suggestion后的同位语从句谓语

  动词用should do。

  答案:B

  10.The order came that the medical supplies ________ to

  Beijing for the SARS soon.

  A.would be sent

  B.should send

  C.be sent

  D.must be sent

  解析:句意:命令传来说,医疗供应应马上送往北京应对

  SARS。order 后的同位语从句应用should do。

  答案:C 11.But for the help of my English teacher,I

  ________ the first prize in the English Writing

  Competition.

  (2009·福建, 35)

  A.would not win

  B.would not have won

  C.would win

  D.would have won

  解析:句意:要没有英语老师的帮助,我不会在英语写

  作比赛中获第一名。本题考查虚拟语气,根据句意,主

  句应该使用否定式,而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

  答案:B 1.________ you go to Miss Liu’s,explain for me to her

  why I was late that day.

  A.Can

  B.May

  C.Would

  D.Should

  解析:逗号前的部分是If you should go to Miss Liu’s的

  倒装形式。在表示可能与将来事实相反的虚拟假设时,常用

  “If+主语+should/were to+其他部分”句型。此时,可以

  将if省略,把should/were置于主语之前,采用部分倒装。

  答案:D 2.—Time flies.Seven days have passed.I want to go back

  to my hometown.

  —Yeah!How fast time runs!But take your time;I’d

  rather you ________ here a little longer.

  A.had stayed

  B.are staying

  C.should stay

  D.stayed

  解析:考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟从句时,从句要用

  一般过去时来表示现在或将来的动作,故选D项。

  答案:D 3.—It has become a nationwide requirement that every

  student ________ have daily exercise for one hour.

  —Yeah.It is high time that we ________ special attention

  to physical exercise.

  A.must;should pay

  B.should;paid

  C.will;shall pay

  D.need;pay

  解析:考查虚拟语气和情态动词。主句中有requirement,宾

  语从句的谓语部分应用(should+)动词原形,故第一空填

  should;第二空所在句式为It is(about/high)time+从

  句,从句应用一般过去时。

  答案:B 4.—Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in

  NBA this year.

  —Yes.They ________ better but for the injuries.

  A.could have done

  B.can do

  C.couldn’t have done

  D.can’t do

  解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是受伤的话,他们可能会

  打得更好。由前句“已经打完了”确定,此处表示与过去事实

  相反,主句中应用could have done。

  答案:A

  拓展提升:在虚拟语气中,有些句子不带if条件句,而是通

  过某些词、短语或上下文暗示与事实相反的情况,这种句子

  叫做含蓄条件句。常见的这样的词和短语有:but for(要不

  是),without(没有),otherwise/or(否则)等。这类句子的

  谓语要按照带有if条件句的主句的虚拟用法处理。 5.If only he ________ himself and explained who he was,

  then,of course I should have given him proper service.

  A.had introduced

  B.introduced

  C.has introduced

  D.have introduced

  解析:考查虚拟语气。if only后的从句用虚拟语气,从后面

  主句用should have given可知,句子表示的是与过去事实相

  反的假设,故从句用过去完成时。

  答案:A 【例1】 The system has been designed to give students quick

  and easy ________ to the digital resources of the

  library.

  (2009·浙江,6)

  A.Access

  B.Passage

  C.way

  D.approach

  【解题方法指导】 考查名词辨析。语意:新设计的系统能够让

  学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give...access

  to...是固定词组,表示“能得到,能进入”,所以选A。

  答案:A

  教材原文对照

  The thing about being a teacher is that you have access

  to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn.

  (p40)

  【例2】 Last night Mr.Crook didn’t come back at the usual

  time.________,he met some friends and stayed out

  until midnight.

  (2008·湖南,25)

  A.Meanwhile

  B.However

  C.Instead

  D.Yet

  【解题方法指导】 选项A意为“同时,其间”,表示对比;选项

  B意为“然而”,表示转折;选项C意为“相反,反而,却”,表

  示对比;选项D意为“然而”,表示转折。根据句意可知选C。

  答案:C 教材原文对照

  Instead,they learn how to play with other children in preparation for school.

  (p46) 【例3】 The children all turned ________ the famous

  actress as she entered the classroom.(2009·全国Ⅰ,30)

  A.looked at

  B.to look at

  C.to looking at

  D.look at 【解题方法指导】 考查非谓语动词。语意:当那个著名的女演员进教室时,孩子们都转身去看她。动词不定式作状语表示目的。 答案:B

  教材原文对照

  Ten months later,Sir Gawain went off to find the Green Knight.

  (P51) 例4:She heard a terrible noise,________ brought her heart into her mouth. A.it

  B.which

  C.this

  D.that 析:答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于: I can’t stand the terrible noise ________ she is crying loudly. A.it

  B.which

  C.this

  D.that 析:答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。 We should consider the students’ request ________ the school library provide more books on popular science.(2009·重庆,31) A.that

  B.when

  C.Which

  D.Where —Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport? —No problem.(2009·浙江,12) A.when

  B.that

  C.Whether

  D.What News came from the school office ________ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(2009·四川,7) A.which

  B.what

  C.that

  D.where 即学即用 40 41 42 解析:以上三道题都考查同位语从句,并且同位语从句中也不缺少任何成分,故三道题都选that,分别是A,B,C。 答案:

  A 

  B

   C 40 41 42 5.Education is what remains when_we_have_forgotten_all we have been taught.教育就是那些当我们完全忘记了所被教授的一切时所留下来的东西。 【精讲拓展】 (1)when we have forgotten all是一个时间状语从句;we have been taught是定语从句修饰先行词all,is后为what引导的表语从句,从句位于系动词后,所要填的词指代物或事情,且从句缺主语、宾语或表语等,例如: 例:See the flags on top of the building?That was ________ we did this morning.(全国Ⅰ,23)

  A.when

  B.which

  C.where

  D.what 解析:此题从句位于系动词was后,因此考查表语从句。从句中缺did的宾语,所填的词指“我们所做的事情,”所以答案为D。答案:D (2)特殊句式 A is/are to B what C is/are to D,意思是A对B之关系好比C对D之关系。 此句式中what引导表语从句,并且在从句中作表语。 例:Engines are to machines ________ hearts are to animals.(山东,23) A.as

  B.that

  C.what

  D.which 解析:此题结构符合上面的特殊句式,what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语。 答案:C 即学即用 America was ________ was first called “India” by Columbus. A.what

  B.where

  C.the place

  D.there where 解析:此题考查表语从句,并且从句中缺少主语,应为a place that,故选A。 答案:A The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work. A.that

  B.which

  C.what

  D.such 答案:C 44 43 6.And I wish they would decrease the size of classes—it’s

  not easy doing lessons in laboratories with big groups...

  我还希望他们能减少班级的人数——在实验室上课时,小组人

  数过多不太好操作……

  【精讲拓展】

  wish后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。

  本句表示与将来相反,从句用“would/could/might+动词

  原形”。还可以表示和现在,过去相反。

  (1)对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):

  从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构

  为:宾语从句的谓语be用were,实义动词用过去式。例: I wish(that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) Now that he is in China,he wishes he understood Chinese. 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) (2)对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):

  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would,could,might+现在完成时。 I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) We wished he had spoken to us.(事实上他并没同我们讲) I wish you had called earlier.(事实上已迟了) (3)对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。

  I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) I wish you would be quiet.(would+be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) You wished she would arrive the next day.(would+arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) I wish she would change her mind.(would+change) 我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) (4)注意: ①如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。 I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 ②如果that从句中用would,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help me. 即学即用 How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden! A.has

  B.had

  C.will have

  D.had had 解析:此题考查wish的宾语从句,根据句意应是和现在相反,用一般过去时,故选B。 答案:B 45 7.Ben tends to lie whenever he feels he might get into trouble.本每当感到会有麻烦的时候,他经常会撒谎。 【精讲拓展】 whenever引导的是时间状语从句。 You seem to have a ready­made answer,whenever I ask you a question. 每逢我问你问题,你总好像有现成的答案。 Come whenever you like.你随时都可以来。 I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient. 一方便,我就去看你。 【归纳拓展】 whatever,whoever,whichever,wherever等词的用法。 (1)引导状语从句 它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句),其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等,相当于英语中的no matter what (who,which,when,where,how)。如: Whatever(No matter what)you say,I believe you.无论你说什么,我都相信你。 Whoever (No matter who) telephones,tell them I’m out.不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了。 Whichever (No matter which) day you come,I’ll be pleased to see you.无论你哪天来,我都欢迎。 Whenever (No matter when) you come,you are welcome. 你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。 We found the people friendly wherever (no matter where) we went.无论我们走到哪里,我们都发现人们很友好。 However (No matter how) much he eats,he never gets fat.无论他吃多少,他都不发胖。 注:有时从句谓语可用情态动词:无论他在哪里,我都要找到他。 正:I’ll find him,wherever he is. 正:I’ll find him,wherever he may be. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。 正:Keep calm,whatever happens. 正:Keep calm,whatever may happen. 另外,whoever 的宾格也是 whoever,而不是 whomever,后者在现代英语已基本不用,有的词典已不收录此词。如: Whoever you marry,make sure he can cook.不管你跟谁结婚,他一定要会做饭才行。 (2)引导名词性从句 除引导状语从句外,whatever,whoever,whichever等还可引导名词性从句(主语从句或宾语从句)。 He does whatever she asks him to do.她要他做什么,他就做什么。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it.请想要这票,我就把它给谁。 Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。 Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家,哪个就先开始做饭。 (3)用于加强语气 有时用于加强语气,含有“究竟”“到底”之义。 Whatever (What ever) do you mean?你到底是什么意思? Whenever (When ever) did you find time to do it? 你什么时候有空做这事? Wherever (Where ever) can the children be? 孩子们究竟会在哪里呢? Whoever (Who ever) told you that?到底是谁告诉你的呢? Whichever (Which ever) did you choose?你到底选了哪个? However (How ever) did you escape?你到底是怎样逃出来的? Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales please?(2009·全国Ⅰ,24) A.who

  B.what

  C.whoever

  D.whatever 解析:句意:我能和主管国际销售的人交谈么?whoever既作了 to 的宾语,又作is in charge of International Sales?的主语。“whoever”作代词=any person who/the person who“任何人”“无论谁”“……的人”。 答案:C 即学即用 46 She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.(2009·湖南,28) A.whichever

  B.However

  C.Whatever

  D.whoever 解析:句意:她是我们心爱的宝贝,我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。whatever = anything that连接宾语从句。 答案:C 47 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________ the season.(2008·全国Ⅰ,25) A.Whatever

  B.Wherever

  C.Whenever

  D.however 解析:句意:无论什么季节,这位律师除了一套西装以外,很少穿其他的。whatever 引导状语从句,其他选项均不合题意。 答案:A 48 He tried his best to solve the problem,________ difficult it was.(天津,5) A.however

  B.no matter

  C.whatever

  D.although 解析:句意:无论问题多难,他都努力解决。however=no matter how,后加形容词,引导让步状语从句,B项后加how也正确。 答案:A 49 原师原创 1.Class regulations require ________ is the last to leave the

  classroom ________ off all the lights.

  A.who;should turn

  B.whom;shall turn

  C.whomever;turns

  D.whoever;turn

  解析:考查名词从句的连词和虚拟语气用法。主语从句中缺少

  主语,故用whoever=the person who,require后接宾语从

  句,句中动词用(should)do。

  答案:D

  2.—Where is Bob?I cannot find him anywhere.

  —He ________ have been off long.I heard him make a call

  just now.

  A.shouldn’t

  B.can’t

  C.mustn’t

  D.needn’t

  解析:考查情态动词用法。语境表示否定推测:我刚才还听

  见他打电话了,因此他不可能走多远。用can’t have done。

  答案:B 3.If the prediction for the earthquake ________ more

  accurate,we would have been more prepared and many

  more lives would have been saved.

  A.had been

  B.Was

  C.has been

  D.were

  解析:考查虚拟语气。语境表示假如地震的预测更准确,我们

  就能做好准备,很多生命就不会失去了,主句使用了would

  have done,因此表示与过去实际情况相反的假设,状语从句

  用过去完成时,因此选A。

  答案:A 4.________ the city lies the famous beautiful mountain.

  A.40 miles southeast of

  B.To 40 miles southeast of

  C.Southeast 40 miles to

  D.To southeast 40 miles of

  解析:考查副词用法。语境表示方位,“城市东南方向四十英

  里的地方”,用(to the)+方位词,数量概念放在介词短语或

  副词短语的前面。因此A为正确表达。

  答案:A 5.—What do you think of the blind man?

  —I’ve never seen a man with ________ sense of touch.

  A.the better

  B.a better

  C.a good

  D.the best

  解析:考查形容词比较级的用法。本题用“否定词+比较级”

  结构表示“没有比……更……的”,比较结构后有名词时,用不

  定冠词修饰,表示没有具体限定的“更……的”。

  答案:B 6.How I wish every family ________ a large house with a

  beautiful garden!

  A.Has

  B.had

  C.will have

  D.had had

  解析:wish后接从句常用虚拟语气,表示这只是说话人的一

  种愿望。具体用法:如果从句中动作与现在事实相反应用

  过去式,与将来事实相反用would/could+动词原形;与过

  去事实相反用过去完成式或would/could+have done。译文:

  我多么希望每个家庭都住上带有漂亮花园的大房子。

  答案:B 7.Everyone has periods in their lives ________ everything

  seems very hard.

  A.when

  B.Where

  C.which

  D.that

  解析:考查定语从句。本题的关系词引导定语从句修饰

  periods,并在从句中做时间状语,因此选A。

  答案:A 8.What impresses me most is ________ he appears in front

  of others,he wears a sincere and charming smile.

  A.Which

  B.that

  C.where

  C.that whenever

  解析:考查表语从句和状语从句。从语境看,本题需要两个

  连接词,一个是表语从句的连词that,此时that只起连接作

  用,不在从句中做任何成分,而且一般不省略;表语从句中

  还有一个状语从句,表示“无论他在什么时候出现”,用从属

  连词whenever。

  答案:D 9.Regulations require ________ special diets ________ the

  cooking manager in advance.

  A.who needs;informs

  B.no matter who need;informed

  C.whoever need;inform

  D.whoever needs;inform

  解析:考查名词性从句和虚拟语气。本题包括宾语从句和宾

  语从句中的主语从句,第一空的连词在宾语从句和宾语从句

  中的主语从句作主语,用anyone who(定语从句)或whoever引

  导,need在此用作实义动词,有人称和数的变化;第二空用

  虚拟语气的(should)do形式。

  答案:D 10.—She looks very happy.She ________ have passed the

  exam.

  —I guess so.It’s not difficult after all.

  A.should

  B.could

  C.must

  D.might

  解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意:“她看上去很高兴,她一定

  是通过考试了。”“我认为是这样,这次考试毕竟不很难。”第一

  个人说她很高兴,然后对她考试结果做出判断,第二个人认可

  第一个人的话,并补充说考试不难,据此,我们可以看出这里

  是对“考试”这个过去动作做出的有把握的推测,应用must have

  done,而should have done表示本该做却没有做的动作,

  could/might have done表示语气较弱的推测,故选C。

  答案:C 虚 拟 语 气

  虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 一、用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 1.用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

  ①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if从句的谓语形

  式用动词的过去式(be一般用were),主句用

  would/should/could/might+动词原形,例如:If I were in

  your position I would marry her.

  ②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③虚拟将来时表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句的谓语动词用一般过去式,were to do或should do,主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,这就叫错综条件句,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said,you would not be so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 2.有地可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句

  中的连词if省去,而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前,

  即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放

  在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各

  类考试中,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we

  could have played tennis. → Had it not rained so hard

  yesterday,we could have played tennis. 3.大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的方法表达,但在个别句子

  中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for,副词

  otherwise等表达出来叫含蓄条件句,例如:We didn’t know

  his telephone number;otherwise we would have

  telephoned him.值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语

  动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语

  动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。

  (wish后的that常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退

  后一位,例如:How he wished his family could go with him! 2.在表愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire,

  demand,advise,insist,require,suggest,propose,

  order,recommend,decide...)后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语

  气,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾

  语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而

  不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the

  patient not be moved.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表 示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,含上述动词的如下句型结构也要求用虚拟式。 (1)在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. (2)在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classes be re­scheduled. (3)在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. 3.would (had)rather,would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们

  之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示三、

  其他形式的虚拟语气 1.It is+necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中用虚拟形式,这

  类形容词包括necessary,important,essential,urgent,

  preferable,vital,advisable等,例如:It is necessary that

  you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that

  you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. 2.在It’s (high) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词

  用过去式,例如It is high time that you went/should go to

  school. take into account 把……考虑进去 take off 脱下(衣帽等);起飞

  take on 承担,呈现(面貌) take one’s time 不着急,不慌忙 take over 接受,接管;借用,承袭 take part in 参加,参与 take place 发生,进行,举行 take the place of 代替,取代 take turns 依次,轮流 【典型例句】 He’s taken up the post of supervisor. 他刚刚担任监督员一职。[剑桥高阶] She took up her bag and left.她拿起她的手提包走了。 This desk takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。[剑桥高阶] He took up Spanish while in Spain. 当他在西班牙的时候,他开始学习西班牙语。 Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off. 哈利接着约翰停止的地方继续讲那个故事。 即学即用 Practising Chinesekung fu can not only ________ one’s strength,but also develop one’scharacter.(2009·浙江,16) A.bring up

  B.take up

  C.build up

  D.pull up 解析:句意:练中国功夫不仅能增强人的力量,还能培养人的性格。build up one’s strength为固定短语。 答案:C We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all ________.(2009·安徽,33) A.given away

  B.kept away

  C.taken up

  D.used up 解析:句意:我们想找一个7个人的桌子,但桌子全都有人了。take up占据。根据句意选C。 答案:C

  25 26 After studying in a medical college for five years,Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.(2008·全国Ⅰ,34) A.set out

  B.took over

  C.took up

  D.set up 解析:句意:在一所医科大学上了5年后,简开始在乡下做一名医生。take up—to start or begin sth.开始做某事,根据句意,选C。 答案:C

  4.put off推迟;拖延;使分心,使厌恶

  【精讲拓展】

  put away v.放好,储存……备用

  put on v.穿上,装出,假装,表演,上演 27 put up v.举起,抬起,张贴 put into v. 把……翻译成 put down v.放下,拒绝,镇压,削减,记下 put out v.放出,伸出,生产,消除,扑灭 put down记下来,写下来 put aside放到一边 put back放回 put up with忍受,容忍 as sb. puts it正如某人所说 put forward提出,提前,拨快(时钟) 【典型例句】 Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.今天可做的事不要拖到明天再做。 The meeting has been put off for a week.会议被推迟了1周。[剑桥高阶] His attitude put me off.他的态度使我不快。 The sudden noise put her off her game.突如其来的嘈杂声分散了她比赛时的注意力。 即学即用 Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it,success is ninety­nine percent mental attitude.(2009·安徽,25) A.gets

  B.makes

  C.puts

  D.means 解析:句意:正如Scotti所说,成功是99%的内心态度。as sb. puts it意为:正如某人所说。 答案:C

  28 A notice was ________ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.(2009·陕西,15) A.sent up

  B.given up

  C.set up

  D.put up 解析:句意:张贴通知是为了提醒同学们演讲时间的变动。put up张贴,建立,提高。符合题意。 答案:D 5.add up to总计达,意味着 【精讲拓展】 add up相加,把……加起来 Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你得的分都加起来,看总共能得多少分。 add to增添,增加,增进 29 The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 add加,增加,又说,补充说 If the tea is too strong,add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。 After a short while,he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。 【典型例句】 The various building programmes add up to several thousand new homes. 各项住宅建设计划总共将为人们提供几千套新住房。[剑桥高阶] The number of people who watched the Euro 2004 in China adds up to about 25 million. 在中国观看2004年欧洲杯的观众人数达到2500万之多。 His evidence really adds up to this: he didn’t murder the man.他的证据实际上意味着:他没有谋杀那个人。 There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.add

  B.to add

  C.adding

  D.added 解析:句意:有一些新的运动项目被加到了2008年奥运会里。根据句意events和add之间是被动关系,故选D。 答案:D 即学即用 30 The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,________ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.having added

  B.to add

  C.adding

  D.added 解析:句意:来访的部长表达了他对谈判的满意,并补充说他在停留期间很高兴。add that意为“补充说”,两个动作同时发生,故选C做伴随状语。 答案:C 31 6.adapt...to...适应…… 【精讲拓展】 adjust指“调整”“调节”使之适应 You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后,你才看得见。 be used to doing习惯于 used to do sth.过去常做 be accustomed to doing sth.习惯于 【典型例句】 We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack’s timetable. 我们不得不改变我们的计划来适应杰克的时间安排。[剑桥高阶] He always adapted easily to new circumstances.他总是很容易使自己适应新的环境。 Natives in the Amazon jungle have learned to adapt to nature. 亚马逊河流域丛林中的土著居民已学会了适应自然。 即学即用 The good thing about children is that they ________ very easily to new environments.(2009·浙江,11) A.adapt

  B.appeal

  C.attach

  D.apply 解析:句意:作为孩子的好处是他们很容易适应新的环境。adapt to为固定短语,意为“适应”。 答案:A 32 重点句型 1.It’s never too late to learn.学习永远都不会太晚。 【精讲拓展】 too+形容词/副词+动词不定式“结构简称为“too...to”结构。 这种结构是英语中常用的一种句型,在大多数情况下表示否定意义,在翻译时,通常可译为“太……而不能……”“太……无法……”。下面就谈谈“too...to”结构表示否定的常见句型: 句型Ⅰ:too+adj./adv.+to do这个句型是too...to的最基本的常用句型。too+形容词或副词,有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。 The boy is too young to go to school. 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。

  The hat is too large to wear.这帽子太大,没法戴。 He walks too slowly to get there on time. 他走得太慢,不能按时到达那儿。

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