2017届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修四Module 4
知识详解
1
support vt.& n. 支撑;扶持;拥护;维持;赡养;忍受
(回归课本P32)The research was supported by the government.这项研究得到了政府的赞助。
归纳总结
例句探源
①He has a large family to support.他要养一大家人。
②We support the police wholeheartedly in their work against crime.我们全力支持警方打击犯罪活动的工作。
③They signed a petition in support of the pay claim.
他们在请愿书上签名支持这次的加薪要求。
④The middle part of the bridge is supported by two huge towers.桥的中部由两个巨型桥塔支撑着。
即境活用
1.My sister was against the idea while my brother was ________it.
A.in terms ofB.in support ofC.in need of
D.in case of
解析:选B。句意为:我的姐姐反对这个主意而我的弟弟却支持它。in support of表示“支持,赞同”;in terms of...意为“从……角度而言”;in need of...意为“需求,需要……”;in case of意为“假如,万一”。故B项正确。
2.The old man has a problem with his legs and therefore he has to________himself with a cane.
A.help
B.supportC.raise
D.lift
解析:选B。support himself with a cane用一根拐杖撑着他自己。help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事;raise 举起;lift抬起。
2
quantity n. 量;数量;大量
(回归课本P33)A yield refers to quantity (eg of food).
产量指的是数量(例如食物的)。
归纳总结
例句探源
①(牛津P1620)It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大宗购物比较便宜。
②Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本学期你的作业在数量和质量上都有提高。
③Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
④It is worthwhile to spend a quantity of money in bringing up children.
在教育孩子方面花许多钱是值得的。
即境活用
3.(高考福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A.have polluted B.is being polluted
C.has been polluted D.have been polluted
解析:选D。首先,large quantities作主语,谓语要用复数,故B和C项错;另外,pollute与water是被动关系,故用其被动语态。
4.________food are stored in the tunnel in winter.
A.Large quantities of
B.A great many
C.A large number of
D.Quite a few
解析:选A。large quantities of后面既可跟可数名词的复数又可跟不可数名词。
3
escape vi. 逃脱,避开,溜走
vt. 逃避,避免;被忘掉;情不自禁地发出;被……忘记;未被……注意
n. 逃,逃亡,逃跑
(回归课本P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从管中逸出的气体能够把它推到空中。
归纳总结
【注意】 escape后常接v.-ing形式作宾语。
例句探源
①There is no way to escape doing the task.
没有方法逃避这项工作。
②(牛津P676)She managed to escape from the burning car.
她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。
③(朗文P632)There’s no escaping the fact that she did actually lie to you.
不可否认的是,她的确对你撒了谎。
④Oh,yes,you’re right.It has completely escaped my memory.
噢,是的,你说得对。我把它忘得一干二净了。
即境活用
5.The flying bird is lucky enough to escape________by the hidden net the farmer spread over the fields.
A.catching B.from catchingC.caught
D.being caught
解析:选D。句意:这只飞鸟很幸运,没有被农夫撒在田间的隐形网捕捉住。此处escape表示“逃脱,逃避”,后接动词时需用v.-ing形式,又因为the flying bird与catch之间是被动关系,故用being caught。
6.When the disaster struck many people had no time to escape________.
A.killing
B.to be killedC.to kill
D.being killed
解析:选D。escape后应跟动名词形式,这里考查的是动名词的被动结构。
4
clear vt. 使清澈;使清楚;扫清
vi. 变清澈;(天)变晴;(烟雾)消散
adj. 清澈的;晴;清晰的;畅通的
(回归课本P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
当烟雾散去后,万户和他的椅子都不见了。
归纳总结
例句探源
①After supper,my younger brother often helps mother clear away the dishes.
晚饭后,小弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。
②They cleared up the misunderstanding
and make up.
他们消除误会和好了。
③The sky cleared after the storm.
雨过天晴。
④He made it clear that he would resign.
他明确表示他要辞职。
即境活用
7.It has been snowing for several days.I hope it________.
A.to be cleared up B.to clean up
C.will clear up
D.will clean up
解析:选C。hope后面不能跟不定式作宾补,排除A、B;clear up此处表示“(天)放晴”,符合题意。clean up“清理掉”。
8.(江苏启东中学)Since you want to make up with her,you should be the first to________the misunderstanding.
A.clear up
B.break upC.take up
D.follow up
解析:选A。A“整理,收拾;消除,解除(误解等);(天气)放晴”;B“打碎,拆散;分裂,分解;(集会)结束”;C“占(时间、空间);从事;拿起;继续讲述”;D“跟进,补充,采取后续行动 (加强效果)……”,这里指的是“消除误解”,所以选A。
5
bring in 请来,带进;引进;赚钱;收割庄稼;逮捕
(回归课本P33)Researchers were brought in from all over China.
从中国各地请来研究人员。
归纳总结
例句探源
①Could I just bring in some members of the
audience to get their views?
我可以邀请一些观众来听取他们的意见吗?
②They have brought in some advanced equipment.
他们引进了一些先进设备。
③Farmers in the south have also brought in good crops.
南方的农民也获得好收成。
④(朗文P238)I’ll bring your books back on wednesday.
我星期三把书给你带回来。⑤(朗文P238)The smells from the kitchen brought forth happy memories of childhood.
厨房的香味让我想起快乐的童年。
即境活用
9.The policeman________two thieves caught stealing in the supermarket.
A.brought up
B.brought into
C.brought in
D.brought out
解析:选C。句意为“警察带进来两个在超市现场偷东西的小偷。”
10.To develop our country more effectively,we must________new science and technology from abroad.
A.bring up
B.bring in
C.bring out
D.bring about
解析:选B。bring up“养育”;bring in“引进”;bring out“出版,发挥”;bring about“引起,导致”。
6
come to power 掌权;执政
(回归课本P37)Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the U.S..
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。
归纳总结
例句探源
①Do you know when the first Chinese empress came to power?
你知道中国第一位女皇帝是什么时候上台执政的吗?
②She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
她对队里的人有很大的影响力。
③I’m afraid it is beyond my power to do what you’re asking.
我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。
即境活用
11.He________for ten years but still doesn’t want to leave office.
A.has been in powerB.has come to power
C.took office
D.came into power
解析:选A。因有表示一段时间的时间状语for ten years,故选用表示状态的be in power。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut?(P39)
还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空,成了世界上第一位宇航员?
【句法分析】 becoming the world’s first astronaut是现在分词短语,在此处作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语,只能放在主句后面。
①Her parents died, leaving her a lot of debts.
她的父母去世了,给她留下很多债务。
②It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
易混辨析
现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)现在分词作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。例如:①Many trees had been blown down by the high winds,blocking roads.
许多树被狂风刮倒,堵住了道路。
(2)不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。例如:
②I rushed to the school,only to find it was Sunday.
我跑到学校,结果却发现那天是星期天。
即境活用
12.(沈阳模拟)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,________a record US $57.65 a barrel.
A.have reached B.reachingC.to reach
D.to be reaching
解析:选B。句意“油价从今年初开始至今已经上涨了32%,达到每桶57.65美元。”用v.-ing形式作结果状语。
13.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,________in the natural light during the day.
A.to let
B.lettingC.let
D.having let
解析:选B。句意:在入口处,玻璃门已取代了木门,这样白天自然光便可照射进来。to let动词不定式作目的状语时,其前不用逗号与句子隔开;作结果状语常以only to do形式出现表示出乎意料的结果。let为原形,不能用作状语。having let为分词的完成时态,表示动作在主句动词所表达的动作之前已完成,不合题意。letting是现在分词作结果状语,故选B。
2【教材原句】 The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(P39)
这些管子被捆在一根长棍子上,这根棍子有助于让火箭保持笔直的方向前进。
【句法分析】 该句式中keep为使役动词,该句式意为“使……继续处于某种状态”。
(1)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+形容词。
(2)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+副词。
(3)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+名词。
(4)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+现在分词,其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。
(5)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+过去分词,其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
(6)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+介词短语。
①Don’t keep all the windows open.
别把所有的窗子都开着。
②He kept all the lights on when he went out.
他出去时把所有的灯都开着。
③Please keep me a place in the queue.
请在队里给我留个位置。
④He kept me waiting in the rain.
他让我在雨中等。
⑤He will never keep a job half done.
他从来都不会让工作半途而废。
⑥Don’t keep the child by himself at home.
别把孩子一个人留在家里。
即境活用
14.(高考全国卷Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic________smoothly.
A.being run
B.runC.to run
D.running
解析:选D。根据“keep...doing”结构得出答案。句意“他们使用计算机来使交通通畅。”
15.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English________as much as we can.
A.speak
B.speakingC.spoken
D.to speak
解析:选C。句意:为了把英语学好,我们应当尽可能抓住一切机会去听别人讲英语。本题关键要意识到English和speak之间是被动关系,故选C。
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