2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解19

　　2016届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解19I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans”. I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their idea, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering(餐饮) service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.

　　My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years’ teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.

　　In China，every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.

　　With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there’s the “thousand talent scheme”： this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China’s research environment. It’s hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.

　　At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It’s about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It’s not that simple.

　　1. Why does the author feel disappointed at his students?

　　A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.

　　B. Because the six groups made projects for restaurant chains.

　　C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.

　　D.

　　Because the students’ ideas were lacking in creativeness.

　　[解析]　考查推理判断能力。根据第一段整体的信息作出判断和推理。

　　[答案]　D

　　2. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?

　　A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.

　　B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.

　　C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.

　　D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.

　　[解析]　考查判断推理能力。第二段整体判断，特别是最后一句。

　　[答案]　C

　　3. The underlined word “scheme” in the forth paragraph means________.

　　A. timetable

　　B. theme

　　C. project

　　D. policy

　　[解析]　考查猜词能力。第四段的第2句“this new government program”中this指代前面的“thousand talent scheme”，而scheme和program为同义词，C中project为program同义词。

　　[答案]　C

　　4. We can infer from the passage that________.

　　A. China can make and sell any product all over the world

　　B. high pay may not solve the problem of China’s research environment

　　C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand

　　D. the new government program are aimed at encouraging imagination

　　[解析]　考查推理判断能力。文中没有直接表达出来，根据最后一句得出，“even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.”中this指的是China’s learning environment存在的问题即problem，也是指It’s hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness这个问题。

　　[答案]　B

　　5. Which is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Look for a New Way of Learning.

　　B. Reward Creative Thinking.

　　C. How to Become a Creator.

　　D. Establish a technical Environment.

　　[解析]　考查主旨判断题。从整体和最后一段判断，整篇文章是讲关于教育出现的问题——有了丰富的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。

　　[答案]　A

　　Throughout the world, boys and girls prefer to play with different types of toys. Boys typically like to play with cars and trucks, while girls typically choose to play with dolls. Why is this? A traditional sociological explanation is that boys and girls are socialized and encouraged to play with different types of toys by their parents, peers, and the “society”. Growing scientific evidence suggests, however, that boys’ and girls’ toy preferences may have a biological origin.

　　In 2002, Gerianne M. Alexander of Texas A&M University and Melissa Hines of City University in London surprised the scientific world by showing that monkeys showed the same sextypical toy preferences as humans. In the study, Alexander and Hines gave two masculine toys (a ball and a police car), two feminine toys (a soft doll and a cooking pot), and two neutral toys (a picture book and a stuffed dog) to 44 male and 44 female monkeys. They then assessed the monkeys’ preference for each toy by measuring how much time they spent with each. Their data showed that male monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the masculine toys, and the female monkeys showed significantly greater interest in the feminine toys. The two sexes did not differ in their preference for the neutral toys.

　　If children’ s toy preferences were largely formed by gender socialization, as traditional sociologists’ claim, in which their parents give “genderappropriate” toys to boys and girls, how can these male and female monkeys have the same preferences as boys and girls？They were never socialized by humans, and they had never seen these toys before in their lives.

　　[语篇解读]　本文是科普阅读。男孩和女孩在玩玩具方面具有明显的性别差异。这种差异是后天习得的，还是与生俱来的呢？科学家对此进行了研究。

　　1．Traditional sociologists believe boys’ and girls’ toy preferences ________.

　　A. are passed down from their parents

　　B. have a biological origin

　　C. have nothing to do with gender socialization

　　D. are largely formed in later life

　　[解析]　细节理解题。从文章第一段的第四句和最后一段可知，传统的社会学家认为男孩、女孩对玩具的偏好差异是后天形成的。

　　[答案]　D

　　2．The study by Alexander and Hines shows that monkeys________.

　　A. also play toys as humans do

　　B. also have a sextypical toy preference

　　C. have no toy preferences

　　D. like to play different toys at different time

　　[解析]　细节理解题。文章第二段的第一句说明，猴子在玩玩具时，也有性别差异。

　　[答案]　B

　　3．Alexander and Hines carried out the study to ________.

　　A. find out why boys and girls prefer different toys

　　B. test the intelligence of monkeys

　　C. test whether monkeys like to play toys

　　D. find more evidence for traditional sociology

　　[解析]　推理判断题。从文章第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，用猴子做研究的目的是证明男孩和女孩在玩玩具时所表现出的偏好是与生俱来的，而不是后天习得的。

　　[答案]　A

　　4．According to the study, if given a stuffed dog, ________.

　　A. only the male monkeys showed interest

　　B. the female monkeys showed more interest

　　C. the male and female monkeys showed the same interest

　　D. neither the male nor the female monkeys showed any interest

　　[解析]　细节理解题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，如果给一种中性的玩具，猴子表现出的兴趣没有性别差异。

　　[答案]　C

　　5．Masculine toys are mainly intended for________.

　　A. monkeys　

　　B. adult

　　C. boys

　　D. girls

　　[解析]　细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，这种玩具是跟女孩玩的玩具相对的，因此是指男孩玩具。

　　[答案]　C

　　When Steve Maxwell graduated from college, he had an engineering degree and a hightech job — but he couldn’t balance his checkbook. “I took one finance class in college but dropped it to go on a ski trip，” says the 45yearold father of three, who lives in Windsor, Colorado. “I actually had to go to my bank and ask them to teach me how to read my statement.”

　　One of the biggest obstacles to making money is not understanding it: Thousands of us avoid investing because we just don’t get it. But to make money, you must be financially literate. “It bothered me that I didn’t understand this stuff，” says Steve, “so I read books and magazines about money management and investing, and I asked every financial whiz (能手) I knew to explain things to me.”

　　He and his wife started applying the lessons: They made a point to live below their means. They never bought on impulse, always negotiated better deals (on their cars，cable bills, furniture) and stayed in their home long after they went for an expensive vacation. They also put 20 percent of their annual salary into investments.

　　Within ten years, they were millionaires, and people were coming to Steve for advice. “Someone would say, ‘I need to refinance my house — what should I do? ‘A lot of times，I wouldn’t know the answer, but I’d go to find it and learn something in the process，” he says.

　　In 2003, Steve quit his job to become part owner of a company that holds personal finance seminars (研讨会) for employees of corporations like WalMart. He also started going to real estate investment seminars, and it’s paid off: He now owns $ 30 million worth of investment properties, including apartment complexes, a shopping mall and a quarry.

　　“I was an engineer who never thought this life was possible, but all it truly takes is a little selfeducation，” says Steve. “You can do anything once you understand the basics.”

　　[语篇解读]　经过不断的学习，史蒂夫从不懂理财的工程师发展成为善于理财的百万富翁。

　　1. When Steve Maxwell graduated from college, he________.

　　A. couldn’t balance his work and life

　　B. made up his mind to become a millionaire

　　C. didn’t know how to manage his money

　　D. often went to banks to borrow money

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一段的he couldn’t balance his checkbook和I actually had to go to my bank and ask them to teach me how to read my statement可知，Steve Maxwell 刚毕业后不懂得如何理财。

　　[答案]　C

　　2. The underlined part “live below their means” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “________”．

　　A. take effective measures

　　B. live a miserable life

　　C. spend more money than they had

　　D. spend less money than they had

　　[解析]　词义猜测题。根据下文“他们从来不冲动地买东西，买东西时尽量获得低价，减少外出度假计划”等线索可以推断出，史蒂夫一家在尽量减少开支。

　　[答案]　D

　　3. Since Steve Maxwell became a millionaire, he________.

　　A. has been unwilling to help others

　　B. hasn’t stopped learning from practice

　　C. has been willing to follow others’ advice

　　D. has stopped to invest in houses

　　[解析]　推理判断题。根据第四段的A lot of times，I wouldn’t know the answer，but I’d go find it and learn something in the process可以看出，史蒂夫总是在教别人理财的过程中学到一些东西。

　　[答案]　B

　　4. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. A selfmade engineer

　　B. How to balance your checkbook

　　C. Don’t avoid investing

　　D. Educate yourself to become a millionaire

　　[解析]　标题归纳题。史蒂夫从开始的根本不懂理财到最后成为百万富翁，靠的是不断的学习——向别人讨教，从书本上学习，D项点出了他成功的秘诀。文章最后一段的selfeducation是关键词。

　　[答案]　D

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that________.

　　A. selfeducation is very important to one’s life

　　B. everyone should learn how to invest in their life

　　C. Steve Maxwell was quite interested in finance classes in college

　　D. Steve became rich because he saved every penny he had earned

　　[解析]　细节推断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，自主学习对每一个人的人生有重大的影响，故可知选A。文中提到了Steve投资赚钱韵事情，但是无法推断出每个人都要学习如何投资；根据文章首段可知Steve为了滑雪旅行放弃了财经课，可判断C不对；D项与原文不符合。

　　Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform，Lisa felt weak and tired — maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.

　　Several yards away, Frank ,43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer，found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.

　　But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling，“Oh, my God, she fell in！”Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No ! Not you ! ”his girlfriend screamed after him.

　　She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa，he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.

　　It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness，felt herself being pulled along the ground，and saw someone else holding her purse.

　　Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t，and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.

　　Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40minute train ride downtown—just as he had been seconds after the rescue，which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die，” she explained.

　　[语篇解读]　本文讲述了Frank在地铁站，冒着被列车轧死的危险救助了因身体虚弱而失去知觉的Lisa的经过。

　　1．What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness?

　　A. She had run a long way.

　　B. She felt hot in the subway.

　　C. She had done a lot of work.

　　D. She had donated blood the night before.

　　[解析]　事实细节题。从第一段“...it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood...”可知，Lisa怀疑自己虚弱的原因是因为献血了。

　　[答案]　D

　　2．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend?

　　A. Because they would miss their train.

　　B. Because he didn’t see the train coming.

　　C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift.

　　D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.

　　[解析]　事实细节题。从最后一段“...I was thinking he was going to die.”可知，Frank的女友担心Frank会被列车轧死。

　　[答案]　D

　　3．How did Frank save Lisa?

　　A. By lifting her to the platform.

　　B. By helping her rise to her feet.

　　C. By pulling her along the ground.

　　D. By dragging her away from the edge.

　　[解析]　事实细节题。从第五段“...he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform...”可知，Frank把Lisa抱到了站台边。

　　[答案]　A

　　4．When did Lisa become conscious again?

　　A. When the train was leaving.

　　B. After she was back on the platform.

　　C. After the police and fire officials came.

　　D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.

　　[解析]　事实细节题。从第五段“...felt herself being pulled along the ground...”可知，Lisa是在被抱到站台上后才恢复了知觉。7

　　[答案]　B

　　5. The passage is intended to________.

　　A. warn us of the danger in the subway

　　B. show us how to save people in the subway

　　C. tell us about a subway rescue

　　D. report a traffic accident

　　[解析]　主旨大意题。全文讲述了Lisa在地铁站因晕倒而差点遇险，不过幸而得到Frank及时相救的故事。

　　[答案]　C