新概念英语第二册语法汇总：名词

名词：

(一)名词变复数

1.规则名词复数形式：

在单数名词后加“s” day → days week → weeks

2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加“es”。

hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes

bush → bushes watch → watches

3.黄金重点：

I.有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。

II.以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。(不认识的单词，请你查词典，懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。)

piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招 ☆

如果以O结尾的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。

hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)[ 简记：黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。]

4.以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”

family → families city → cities

5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”

key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys

6.以f、fe结尾的名词，变 f / fe为 v加 es。

calf → calves knife → knives

۩ 当心当心：

I.下列名词直接加“s”。(请大声朗读三遍，然后背下。注意读音!)

roof(房顶)，reef(暗礁)，chief(首领)，cliff(悬崖)，grief(悲痛)，turf(草皮)， belief(信仰)，gulf(港湾)，dwarf(侏儒)，safe(保险箱)，sheriff(长官)，tariff(关税)

II.scarf(头巾)，wharf(码头)，staff(全体职员)，handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”，又可变 f为 v加 es.

(二)不规则名词复数形式

1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men

2.单复数同形：

sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,

barracks(兵营) bellows(风箱) kennels(狗窝)

3.一些英语外来词的复数形式：

crisis→crises 危机

analysis→analyses 分析

oasis→oases 绿洲

parenthesis→parentheses 括号

axis→axes 轴心

ellipsis→ellipses 日蚀

hypothesis→hypotheses 假定

synopsis→synopses 内容提要

erratum→errata 勘误误表

addendum→addenda 补遗、附录

medium→media 媒体

(以上单词熟悉即可)

(三)复合名词复数形式

1.中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数：

bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls

2.man和 woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。

man servant → men servants

woman teache r→ women teachers

3.中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变复数：

sister-in-law → sisters-in-law

looker-on → lookers-on

editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief

4.下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：

sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups

stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots

go-between→go-betweens

(四)名词所有格

1.在大多数名词末加“'s”

the boy's toy, men's work

2.以 s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”

the students' reading room

3.以 s结尾的单数名词加“'”

Dickens' novels the actress' performance

4.合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”

her brother-in-law's piano.

Somebody else's books. (重要!)

【金牌重点】除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中：

an hour's drive, a mile's journey

ten pounds' weight, Beijing's weather

the earth's surface

a stone's throw 投石之距离

at one's wits end 智穷计尽

to one's heart's content 尽情地

by a hair's breadth 千钧一发

at a snail's pace 缓慢地

5.双重所有格：

如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。

a friend of mine (名词性物主代词)

a child of hers

the love poems of your sister's

注意区别：

● a portrait of her mother 她母亲的画像(画中人)

● a portrait of her mother's 她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅(不一定是她母亲的画像)

测试精编

1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.

A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store

2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.

A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars

C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's

3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.

A. wage and saving B. wages and saving

C. wage and savings D. wages and savings

4. I want ________ .

A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth

C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy

5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.

A. have B. had C. do D. has

KEYS

1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A