It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to reward the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the childrens responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement switched on a display of lightsand indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many.as three turns to one side.
Papouseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would smile and bubble when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
21. According to the author, babies learn to do things which______.
A. are directly related to pleasure B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success D. will satisfy their curiosity
22. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby______.
A. would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
23. In Papouseks experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to
A. have the lights turned on B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents D. be praised
24. The babies would smile and bubble at the lights because______.
A. the lights were directly related to some basic drives
B. the sight of the lights was interesting
C. they need not turn back to watch the lights
D. they succeeded in switching on the lights
25. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.
A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problems
D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
跟小小孩说英文:Buying clothes 买衣服
跟小小孩说英文:A new dress 新衣
英蕊乐园游历记全集:Story 03 我爱我的家
跟小小孩说英文:Having cotton candy 吃棉花糖
跟小小孩说英文 :Feeding the baby 喂宝宝
跟小小孩说英文:No toys today 今天不买玩具
英蕊乐园游历记全集:Story 10 你是谁?
跟小小孩说英文:In the warehouse 在大卖场
学前英语口语学习教程:第七单元
英蕊乐园游历记全集:Story 05 这是什么
英蕊乐园游历记全集:Story 09 我有一只狗
跟小小孩说英文:What to wear? 穿什么衣服
跟小小孩说英文:Shopping in the Market 逛市场
跟小小孩说英文:Eat it up 吃干净
学前英语口语学习教程汇总
跟小小孩说英文:Don't go too far 不要走远
跟小小孩说英文:In the fast food restaurant 在快餐店
跟小小孩说英文:Getting dressed 整理衣衫
跟小小孩说英文:Having night snacks 吃宵夜
跟小小孩说英文:Eating hot pot 吃火锅
跟小小孩说英文:Dining courtesy 吃饭礼节
跟小小孩说英文:Going out on a rainy day 下雨天出门
学前英语口语学习教程:第八单元
跟小小孩说英文:Dining on Dragon Boat Festival 端午节吃饭
跟小小孩说英文:Having snacks 吃点心
跟小小孩说英文:In the clothes shop 在服装店
英蕊乐园游历记全集:Story 07 那是一个苹果
跟小小孩说英文:In the supermarket 在超市(二)
跟小小孩说英文:Eating ice cream 吃冰淇淋
少儿英语口语故事:白云
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |