2016届高考英语基础词汇解读：必修4module1lifeinthefuture

　　Module 1

　　Life in the future

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1、alternative：

　　导学P2-1

　　adj. (二者当中) 选其一的非此即彼的替换的供选择的其他的两者选一的无比较级形式alternative energy替代性能源alternative ways可供选择的方法

　　Wind power and hydro power are two main alternative energy in the west of China.

　　They had an alternative plan.We returned by an alternative road.

　　Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?

　　你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？

　　The road was blockedso we went by an alternative road.

　　这条路被封锁了，因此我们走了另一条路。

　　n [C] (二者当中) 选一个；供选择的东西have no alternative but to do = have no choice but to do

　　We had to fight; There was no other alternative.

　　There are several alternatives to your plan.

　　alternatively:

　　adv. 两者挑一地We could take the train or alternatively go by car

　　拓展：Have no alternative but to do = Have no choice but to do

　　除…外别无选择

　　I had no money，so I had no alternative but to stay at home. 因没钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。

　　2、crime n 罪 罪行At the court, the suspect had to admit his crime. 法庭上，嫌犯不得不认罪。

　　criminal： n 罪犯，犯人The criminal involved in the robbery were all sentenced to prison.

　　导学P2-2-1

　　3、for sure肯定确实地, 有把握(状语)without doubt无疑地surely：adv. 确实/稳当地；想必。

　　He is a thief for sure.

　　He will be here for sure within an hour. 肯定会在一小时内到这儿。

　　She won’t lend you any money, and that’s for sure.

　　No one knows

　　sure what happened to Bill.

　　I think he lives there but I couldn’t say that for sure.我想他是住在那里的,但不敢确定。sb be sure of/about (doing) sth

　　–

　　sb be sure that:

　　(主语确定)…有把握，相信/确信。

　　He is sure of his success. / He is sure that he will succeed.

　　Are you sure of your facts? 你能肯定你We are sure of/about our success. 我们很有把握成功。的资料属实吗?

　　be sure to do sth说话人确定务必肯定做某事He is sure to succeed. He is sure to come today.

　　It be certain that …: …是肯定的。

　　It is certain that he will pass the English exam.

　　make sure：查明弄准确。Make sure he writes it down.让他一定记下来I will make sure that the car is locked.

　　make sure of /about/that…确保Before you leave, you’d better make sure the lights are switched off.

　　Make sure of the time at which the train for Shanghai leaves. 查明开往上海的火车何时离开。

　　4、prediction n. [C]/[U] 预测预言预报预告 make a prediction / make predictions about作预测To our surprise, most of his predictions have come true.

　　predictor： n 预言者 Do you think Confucius was a famous predictor?

　　predictable： adj 可预见可预料的可预言可预报的As we know, an earthquake can be predictable, but man can not prevent it happening.

　　The earthquake has been predicted several months before.

　　Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat?

　　predict：v 预言某事将发生；预报；预测We can not predict our future but we can grasp the present.

　　Some scientists have predicted that man is likely to land on the Mars in fifty years.

　　导学P3-2-3

　　5、riskyadj. 危险的，冒险的a risky undertaking一份风险大的事业riving too fast is a risky thing.

　　risk：n.危险v.冒……险There is no/not much risk of her failing.

　　risk doing：冒…危险；明知…也要做Are you prepared to risk traveling without an armed guard?

　　We mustn’t risk getting caught in a storm.

　　at risk (of)

　　处于…)危险之中put one’s life at risk　冒生命危险at the risk of losing one’s life

　　冒…危险take／run a risk

　　冒危险6、resource n. 资源（常用做复数） The USA is a country rich in natural resources

　　source:

　　n. 来源/出处；(河流的)源头/发源地。 Where is the source of the Nile? 尼罗河发源于何处?7、run outvi.（某物）用完；不多了；没有了sth. run out 某物力气时间食物金钱等用完耗尽同义短语：give outvi. 用尽精疲力竭use up: vt. 用完消耗尽up是副词,宾语是代词需间。His patience ran out and he made a quarrel with the boss.

　　Our food supplies are running out.

　　My mobile-phone needs to charge every day as the battery runs out quickly.

　　Our time is running out. ＝We are running out of our time. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

　　His strength gave out after he ran that long distance.跑完这么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。

　　My money has been used upso I have to return home. 我的钱已经用完了，因此我必须回家。

　　I have used up all the glue.我把胶水用完了。sb. run out of sth.…：某人用完了物I have run out of / used up my pocket money.

　　The car ran out of petrol after ten miles.

　　这辆小汽车跑了10英里就没油了。

　　We ran him out of the town. 我们把他驱逐出镇子。

　　It was an insurance policy that had run out. 那是一张已过期的保险单。

　　区别：① run out 意“被用完；耗完供应”，是不及物动词短语，主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。如：

　　The money that my mother gives me every weekend always runs out quickly. 钱总是很快就花完了。② run out of意思是“用完；用尽”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。如：

　　My bottle of ink was run out of yesterday. Can I use yours？我那瓶墨水用完了。可以用你的吗？

　　He is always running out of money before payday. 他总是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。

　　与run有关的短语：

　　run against和…(对抗)；竞选

　　run after 追逐，追求

　　run away 逃跑

　　run over回顾，回想

　　run through浏览

　　run out逃开，用完

　　run across 无意间碰到

　　in the long run从长远来看，毕竟/终究

　　in the short run 从短期看来，在短期内

　　、relyvi. 依赖依靠相信信赖取决于You should not always depend on your parents.不能总依赖父母。

　　rely on sb./sth. to do sth. = depend on / count on

　　指望某人做；相信某人rely on/upon sb./sth. doing sth.

　　指望某人会做某事相信某人

　　We should rely on our efforts to develop our space industry.

　　Whether we will go for picnic this weekend relies on the weather.

　　You may rely on me to help you.我会帮助你的，这一点你可以信赖我Don’t rely on my seeing you off. 要指望我为你送行。We can’t rely on him coming in time.

　　I rely on her to pay back the money. ＝I rely on her paying back the money. 我相信她会还钱。She cannot be relied on to tell the truth. 你别指望她能说真话rely on it that... 相信…，指望…rely on 后可接宾语从句,常用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句后置。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

　　你放心好了，他会来接你的。

　　You can rely upon/on it that it will rain this weekend.你放心好了，本周末一定下雨。rely on/ upon指望依赖某人可接动名词复合结构 I relied on/upon your coming early.我指望你早来。

　　Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us. 越来越依赖计算机协助工作。、solar adj. 太阳的The solar energy plays a more important role in people’s lives.

　　10、urbanadj. 都市城市的Many young men leave their home for city to experience the urban life.

　　导学P4-5-1

　　11、get rid of ＝ rid...of摆脱处理掉，丢去掉；除去排除赶走She can’t get rid of her toothache.

　　Once you become addicted tobacco, it is hard to get rid of it.

　　We have to get rid of these old pictures. 处理掉这些旧图片。

　　I’ve tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.为了治好感冒，我已经试用了各种药物。

　　The young man made up his mind to get rid of his bad habit. 这个年轻人决心改掉坏习惯。

　　You must get rid of all your worries and have a good rest. 你必须排除所有的担心，好好休息一下。

　　He just sat there talking all evening and I could not get rid of him. 他就在那儿坐着谈了整整一个晚

　　rid oneself of a bad habit：抛弃某人的坏习惯上，我不能把他赶走。链接：get across 使通过；使被理解　get down to (doing) sth 写下; 着手(开始认真)做…　get along 活；相处get along/on with进展；与某人合得来；…和睦相处。

　　get in 进入参加；收获收回；插入放get into 对…发生兴趣；卷入陷入；进入　get off 从…下来；逃脱惩罚get on 骑上马、自行车等，登上车、船、飞机等；有进展　get on with 与…友好相处；继续干　get over克服解决；从疾病、失望、震惊等中恢复过来　get rid of 处理掉；摆脱　get through (with)干完完成；度过(时间)；通过考试；打通电话　get together 聚会　get to one’s feet 站起来　get up 起床；起立12、load vt. 装，装载使担负；vi.装货；装料load… with...把…某物装上/进…中load a truck/ a ship/ a train with goods给卡车/轮船/火车装货

　　The worker loaded the truck with coal.

　　The ship is loaded with goods.

　　The truck was loaded with bananas. 那卡车装载着香蕉。oad:

　　n. 负载负荷；重担重任；装载量负载量；工作量a load of / loads of 很多；许多bear a load on one’s shoulders 挑起重担take a load off one’s mind 解除某人的思想负担Don’t worry；here is loads of time. 不用担心，时间很充裕。

　　The good news ha take a load off my mind. 听了这个好消息我就放心了Her recovery took a load off my mind. 她恢复了健康，使我卸下了心中重担。

　　The plane with a load of food will fly to the flooded areasload sth. into/onto把…装入(设备)He helped me load my furniture onto the truck. 把家具装上车。

　　Please load the new film into the camera. 请把新胶卷装进照相机里。

　　链接：fill…with…

　　equip… with…

　　fit… with…

　　cover…with…

　　line…with…arrest： vt. 逮捕，扣留，阻止；吸引arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人be/get arrested

　　被逮捕arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意Six children, two wives of Ben Laden were arrested, along with his four close friends.

　　You could get arrested for doing that. 干那种事可能要遭逮捕。

　　The policeman arrested the man for speeding. 警察以超速的罪名逮捕了那个人。

　　The new medicine arrested the spread of the disease. 该新药阻止了疾病的蔓延。

　　An unusual painting arrested his attention. 一幅不寻常的油画吸引了他的注意。

　　The bright lights arrested the baby’s attention. 明亮的灯光吸引了婴儿的注意力n. 逮捕be under arrest 被逮捕, 被拘留place/put sb. under arrest. 成为囚犯

　　She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。

　　14、firet 开火启动He ran into the bank & fired his gun in the air. The hunter fired three shots at the wolf.

　　导学P4-6

　　15、limit n. 界限范围限度限制set strict limits作了严格的限制His patience reached its limit. 他的忍耐已经到了极限。

　　There is a limit to the pain we can bear. 我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。

　　He knows the limits of his power. 他知道自己的权限。

　　There’s a limit to what I can do for you.我能为你做的事有限(不能什么事都为你做)。

　　set a limit to/put a limit on限制…set a limit to/put a limit on the number of passengers限制乘客人数

　　within limits”在某种程度上有一定限制适度地”without limits无限地I am willing to help you, within limits.

　　我愿意帮忙,但有一定的限度。

　　imit：vt. 限制；限定。

　　We are limited by the culture in the west.

　　limit…to: 把…限制在…范围内You should limit your speed to 50 miles per hour.

　　You must limit your speech to half an hour. 你必须把演讲限制在半小时内。限资源。limited：adj. 有限的;少的;小的We are doing our best with the limited resources available.尽利用有limitless：adj. 无限制的;无界限的;无止境的unlimited：adj. 无限的16、outdoorsThey spend most of their time outdoors.

　　outdoor:

　　adj. 户外的，露天的。 He likes watching most outdoor games.喜欢看大部分室外运动项目。

　　17、commandn

　　[U，C]命令指令[U]指挥/控制。 give a command发指令/命令

　　have/take command of 指挥；控制；do sth. at/by one’s command奉某人之命做某事

　　have a good command of 对…掌握得好；精通= have a good knowledge of

　　be at one’s command

　　听某人吩咐in/under the command of sb. 由某人统率

　　Fire when I give the command.

　　The police arrived and took command of the situation. 警察到达后就控制了局势。

　　The army is under the king’s command. 军队由国王直接统领。

　　Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English. 申请人必须精通英语。

　　He has a good command/ knowledge of the English language.

　　vt. 命令command sb. to do sth.

　　Captain Picard command the crew to report to the main deck.

　　The captain commanded the soldiers to fire. 上校命令士兵开火。

　　ommand that …(should) do

　　命令做……(从句用虚拟语气)

　　The General commanded that the soldiers should attack at once.

　　He commanded that we (should) cross the river at once. 他命令我们立即过河。He commanded that the prisoners should be shot.

　　The teacher ordered that he (should) go out of the classroom.

　　同义词：order普通用法

　　command 用于军事上的意义

　　18、recreation n 娱乐，消遣 Bowling is a kind of recreation.

　　导学P5-9

　　19、chargen 费用价钱；主管掌管 Gas charges will rise in July.

　　free of charge ＝for free/ for nothing免费What’s the charge for…? …收费多少？

　　Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten mile limit.What is the charge for using the hall? 大厅的使用费是多少？in charge of：主管；负责；照顾He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.

　　He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.

　　经理不在时，他负责这个商店。in/under the charge of ＝in one’s charge由某人负责，由某人管理The patients are in the charge of the nurse.

　　The shop was in the charge of him while the manager was away. 经理不在时，这商店由他负责。take charge of 掌管看管；负责He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 他掌管了农场vt. 要价收费；charge sb money for sth. 向…索取费用…The restaurant charged us 40yuan for the wine.

　　They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.

　　他们一杯咖啡向我要价5美元。

　　vt 控诉；charge sb with sth为某事而控告某人 = accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事The police charged him with murder.

　　The man was charged with theft. 这个人被控告盗窃罪。

　　v. 充电charge a battery将电池充电charge a gun 给枪装弹

　　20、 powervt.提供动力A solar battery powers the motor. The machine is powered by a gasoline engine.

　　21、switchn. 开关i. 交换/调换。

　　导学P6-10-2

　　switch off：关掉关上Don’t forget to switch the TV off.

　　switch on：打开Can you switch the light on?

　　switch over：转换Switch over if you don’t like the programme.

　　switch with sb: 交换调班Can you switch with me on Monday night.

　　22、disability：n. 残疾

　　He gets money from the government because of disabilities.

　　He performed very well in spite of her disabilities.

　　disable:

　　vt. 使无能力，使残疾 He was disabled in the war and he lost his left arm.

　　disabled:

　　adj.

　　残疾残疾者人The disabled will received more money.

　　导学P6-11

　　23、attach： vt

　　(把某物系缚在或附在另一物上系贴附上连接参加；将某人派给一人或一组织去执行某任务使隶属使附属于attach sth to sth把…系连接到…上attach a label to each piece of luggage每件行李上都加上标签attach a label to the bottle 贴标签于瓶上He attached his horse to a tree. 他将马栓在树上。

　　The picture is attached to the wall by a nail.

　　Please attach the stamp to the envelope.

　　Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗attach to sb. 与某人相关联，归于某物No blame attaches to you in this affair. 这件事不怪你。attach oneself to sb./sth.：依附某人参加某事Tom attached himself to the school football team.

　　I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum. 我随着一队游客进入了博物馆。

　　attached adj. (作表语) 依恋的；附属于be attached to sb./ sth. 依恋留恋，爱慕喜欢某人/某事物；隶属于I am attached to music.

　　It’s easy to become attached to the children you work with. 喜欢上和你相处的孩子们很容易。

　　The hospital is attached to that university. 这医院附属于那所大学。

　　You’ll be attached to this department until the end of the year.

　　你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。

　　24、look out for sb./sth. = watch out for

　　当心/小心/注意。

　　Look out! There is a car coming.

　　导学P9-1

　　25、eventually：最后，终于 We waited three days for the letter and eventually it came.

　　导学P10-3

　　导学P10-4

　　26、for a start = to start with： (用于说理时列举原因和理由。

　　First of all强调先后次序It won’t work; for a start, it is a bad idea, and secondly, it will cost too much.

　　27、on the way out：即将被淘汰，即将过时 This kind of T-shirt is on the way out.

　　导学P10-5

　　on the way out：即将不流行或不被喜爱即将灭亡；正在离开

　　That type of dress is on the way out, but it is still of great value.

　　那种式样的服装就要过时了,但它仍很有价值。去山上玩。

　　On the National Day, they are on the way out of the city to the hills.国庆节，他们正离开城市，

　　The enemy was on the way out with the people’s rebellion.在人民的反抗下，敌人正在灭亡。

　　—What do you think of Li Yang Crazy English?—It is never on the way out.

　　on the/one’s way: 在去…的路上He is on the/his way to school.他正在上学的路上。

　　in the/one’s way挡着路　 Please move a little. You are in my way.请动一下，你挡着我的道了。

　　lose one’s way 迷路　He lost his way in the forest.他在森林里迷路了。

　　by the way 顺便说Oh, by the way, there is a telephone message for you. 噢对了有你一个电话口信。

　　by way of 路经；途经They are traveling to France by way of London.他们经伦敦去法国。

　　28、shape：vt. 造成…的形状We shaped our gymnasium into a nest.

　　n. 形状/外形/样子。

　　out of shape 变形shaped： adj.

　　a cloud shaped like a camel.

　　a hearted-shaped cake.

　　1、be busy doing sth./ be busy with sth. 忙于做某事

　　Hellen is busy with her homework, while Bill is busy collecting materials.

　　海伦忙于自己的作业,而比尔忙于收集资料。

　　1) be busy不能接to do sth.

　　2) 注意be busy doing sth.与be busy with sth.在特殊疑问句中的回答：

　　比较下面两组句子：

　　—What is he busy with these days?

　　—Preparations for the coming exam.

　　—What is he busy doing these days?

　　—Preparing for the coming exam.

　　She was busy reading a newspaper (看报纸) when I came into her office.

　　some time 一段时间

　　He will stay here for some time.他将在这儿待一段时间。

　　Parents expect their children to stay with them for some more time. 父母盼望儿女和他们多待一些时间。

　　注意sometime, some times, sometimes的区别：

　　1）sometime意为“（过去或将来）某个时候”。如:I saw him sometime in May.五月的某个时候我见过他。

　　He’ll come sometime tomorrow.明天的某个时候他会来。

　　2）sometimes意为“有时”。如:We sometimes go to the cinema.有时我们去看电影。

　　3）some times意为“几次;几倍”。如:We have met some times.我们见过几次。

　　look out当心；小心；往外看

　　—Look out！There is danger ahead.当心！前方有危险。

　　—Thank you I was looking into the sky. 谢谢！刚才我朝天空看了。

　　1）同义短语：watch out 小心

　　2）当表“当心；警惕或留心”时，look out与watch out后接for。Look out for pickpockets.小心扒手。3）look out还有“往外看”之意。Don’t look out of the window while listening to class.听课时不要向窗外看。