四级考试阅读备考笔记（31）

　　In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar system of bats. It is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man.

　　Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　11. The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to ____.

　　A) teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotion

　　B) give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning

　　C) give parents some advice on how to modify their childrens emotions through learning

　　D) discuss with psychologist how positive and negative feelings are produced

　　12.If your jokes often find already echo in a person, you will learn though ____ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.

　　A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning

　　C) neither of them D) some other sorts of conditioning

　　13. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning

　　through ____.

　　A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning

　　C) both of them D) neither of them

　　14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.

　　A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day

　　B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

　　C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on

　　D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning

　　15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.

　　A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings

　　B) the third kind of learning

　　C) further examples of learning through operant conditioning

　　D) none of the above

　　Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: