英语四级阅读长难句结构分析及备考方法（一）

　　1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to.

　　分析 主干：Most designers are finding...

　　finding 后是省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。 该从句是 there be 句型 其主 语 comparable fabrics 后有一个 that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末。 该定语从句的谓语 动词 replace 带了两个由 and 连接的并列的宾语从句都用 what 引导。

　　译文：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的顾客已经习惯了的布料。

　　2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.

　　分析 主干：Todd Park, a local detective, said...

　　said 之后的内容是个省略引导词 that的宾语从句。 whose skeleton...是个定语 从句修饰 an... woman。

　　译文：当地的一名侦探 Todd Park 说 这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的女性死 者的更多信息其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。

　　3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50 year old man who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year.

　　分析 主干：Gullotta saw a man...

　　who 引导的定语从句修饰 a... man。 本句是肯定陈述句 却 用了 doing anything 而不是 doing something语义上有所强调。

　　4. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.

　　分析 主干：The first study... has found that...

　　as... as从句中，是 they are likely to tell lies in phone 和 they are in emails 进行比较。不定式 to compare..作定语修饰 the first study，that 引导的从句至句末，作 found

　　译文： 因为几乎没有主流刊物对一般的非裔美国妇女进行过深入的专题报道，人们几乎不了解我们的性情、我们的思想和我们通常所面临的问题。

　　5. Privacy econom ist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50 cents off coupon .

　　分析 主干：Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests...

　　Privacy economist 和 Alessandro Acquisti 是同位语。 tests 后的 that 从句作 tests 的 定语该从句的谓语动词 reveal 带有一个宾语从句 people will surrender...。

　　译文：隐私经济学家 Alessandro Acquisti 进行了一系列的测试 这些测试表明人们会透露像社保卡号这样的个人信息 就只是为了能拿到微不足道的便宜 50 美分的优惠券。

　　6. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what its like to work in a field dominated by men.

　　分析 主干：There was a time...

　　本句是个存在句主语 a time 由 when 引导的定语从句修饰。about + what引导 的宾语从句构成介词短语作 stories 的后置定语。 在该宾语从句中it 是形式主语后面 的不定式短语 to work...是真正的主语。 dominated...作 a field 的后置定语。

　　译文：我生活中有那么一段时间人们老是问我供职一个男性占主导地位的领域感觉 如何。

　　7. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls free writing.

　　分析 主干：The practice... is what...

　　定语从句 that can...修饰主语 the practice从句中的介词的短语 past your... habits 作宾语 you 的补语as you write 引导的时间状语从句修饰 trying to edit。 what 引导的 表语从句中用了call+宾语+补语的结构what 是宾语free writing 是补语。

　　译文：这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图编辑的坏习惯的做法便是 Elbow 所称 作的自由式写作。

　　8. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease要especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.

　　分析 主干：the focus has been shifting

　　句首 As 引导非限制性定语从句As 指代主句所说的内容 在从句中作 seen 的 宾语。 主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词 in terms of 引导的介词短语作状语 表示 从一方面来说changing 与前面的 shifting 构成语义再现。

　　译文：正如我们所看到的一样 我们社会医疗的重心正在从治疗疾病转到预防疾病上 来要要特别是要改变我们许多不健康的行为比如说不良的饮食习惯抽烟忽视 锻炼。

　　9. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.

　　分析 主干：Imagine a person...

　　主干部分很简短关键是 a person 后面有 5 个 who 引导的定语从句使句式变得 复杂了。这 5 个 who 引导的从句都有相似的结构：含两个由 but 连接的谓语前后的描述 形成鲜明的对比。 这样的排比句式加强了语气给读者留下深刻印象。

　　译文： 想象这么一个人：他体重适中但是并没有吃到非常有营养的食物，他自我感觉还 行但只是偶尔锻炼一下，他每天都去上班但却不是一个优秀员工，他大多数晚 上在家里喝一点啤酒但却并不醉酒驾车，他没有胸痛的感觉血液指数也正常 但却嗜睡并且经常感到疲倦。

　　10. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely not ill and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs.

　　分析 主干：The field has not distinguished

　　主句的谓语用了 distinguish between... and... 的结构and 连接的两个 someone 都 用了 who 引导的定语从句予以修饰。

　　译文：传统上医学并没有区分一个仅仅是没有生病的人和一个健康状况很好并且注 意自己身体特殊需要的人。 这两种类型都被称作健康。