初中英语常见错误之S系列

　　safe

　　[误] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.

　　[正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.

　　[析] safe是形容词，如： They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词，如： The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词，如： safety island(安全岛)，Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。

　　same

　　[误] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.

　　[正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.

　　[析] the same that意为即是，而the same as才能译为像一样的。

　　[误] Your book is not same as mine.

　　[正] Your book is not the same as mine.

　　[析] the same as中的定冠词不能少。

　　say

　　[误] His report wrote she is nineteen.

　　[正] His report says she is nineteen.

　　[析] 中文中常讲报告上写到、信上写到，这样的写在英文中要用say.

　　say speak talk tell

　　英文中说一般有四个词，其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语，如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加语言时才是及物的，如： Please speak English. 请看下句： He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.

　　sea

　　[误] As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.

　　[正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.

　　[析] go to sea为去当水手、海员而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如： He want to go to the sea for his vacation.

　　在海中游泳为in the sea; at sea为在海上航行，如： I have a brother at sea. by sea为坐船、由海路运输，如： We travelled to New York by sea.

　　second

　　[误] I want to learn the second foreign language.

　　[正] I want to learn a second foreign language.

　　[析] 当作为第二外语，再增加一个时，不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序，a second强调再增加一个。

　　see

　　[误] He was seen leave the room.

　　[正] He was seen to leave the room.

　　[析] see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。

　　sheep

　　[误] There are five sheeps on the grass.

　　[正] There are five sheep on the grass.

　　[析] sheep是单、复数同形名词，其他的还有： deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)等。

　　ship

　　[误] I travelled on a yacht.

　　[正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).

　　[析] 虽然都是船，但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.

　　sick

　　[误] The little boy was a ill boy.

　　[正] The little boy was a sick boy.

　　[析] sick与ill作表语时都表示有病之意，如： He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对，但作定语时则只能用sick.

　　since

　　[误] He is living in Greece since 1978.

　　[正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.

　　[正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.

　　[析]

　　由since引出的状语从句意为自从某时一直如何，主句要用完成时或完成进行时。

　　[误] She has been quite different since came back from America.

　　[正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.

　　[析] 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。

　　sleep

　　[误] The boy was very asleep.

　　[正] The boy was fast asleep.

　　[析] 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用Hes sleeping. 而常讲Hes asleep. 其形容词sleepy是困倦的，如： I shall go to bed now. Im so sleepy. 卧铺英国人讲sleeping car，而美国人讲sleeper.

　　slow

　　[误] Slow the door opened.

　　[正] Slowly the door opened.

　　[析] slow与slowly的用法与意思相同，在口语中和路标中多用slow，如： Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.

　　smile

　　[误] She smiled to me.

　　[正] She smiled at me.

　　[析] 冲着某人笑应为to smile at somebody.

　　so

　　[误] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.

　　[正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.

　　[正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.

　　[析] 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况： ① 用于单数可数名词之前，其格式为such+不定冠词+形容词+名词，而so+形容词+不定冠词。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，只能用 such，如： It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so，如： It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如： I have so little money that I cant buy the dictionary.

　　[误] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.

　　[正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.

　　[正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.

　　[正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.

　　some

　　[误] Do you have some lessone to prepare

　　[正] Do you have any lessons to prepare

　　[析] 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中，如： I have some money to buy it.

　　在请求，或真心希望得到肯定答复时，在疑问句中也要用some，如： Would you like something to drink即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如： Could you lend me some money即真心想要借到钱。

　　sometime

　　[误] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.

　　[正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.

　　sometime sometimes some times sometime

　　sometime为某个时候、总有一天，如： Well meet again sometime next year. 或过去的某一时刻，如： I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为有时候、时常、常常，如： Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为若干次，如： I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是一段时间、一些时候，如： I want to leave some time.

　　soon

　　[误] The room as soon as became crowded.

　　[正] The room soon became crowded.

　　[析] soon为不久、很快，如： Ill be there very soon. 而as soon as意为一就，如： As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.

　　sound

　　[误] The report sounds well.

　　[正] The report sounds good.

　　[析] sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词，如： How sweet the music sounds!

　　sport

　　[误] Are you going to run in the school sprot

　　[正] Are you going to run in the school sprots

　　[析] sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动，如： Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指运动或运动会时要用其复数形式sports.

　　spring

　　[误] Ill visit America in this spring.

　　[正] Ill visit America in spring.

　　[正] Ill visit America this spring.

　　[析] 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词，则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同： He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天，所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为Ill do it next day.

　　start

　　[误] What time will you start to San Francisco

　　[正] What time will you start for San Francisco

　　[析] start与leave一样，其后接for+目的地。

　　begin start

　　begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思，如： We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为启程讲，如： I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示开始工作，如： The car wont start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为开动、启动讲，如： Do you know how to start this machine.

　　still

　　[误] Oh, it is still raining now.

　　[正] Oh, it is still raining.

　　[析] 因still即包含有现在仍然如何，所以now是多余词。

　　still yet already

　　still一般与动词连用，可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续，特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如： Ive been thinking for hours, but I still cant decide. yet一般放于句末，用在疑问句与否定句中。如： Has the postman come yet already则与动词连用，可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早，如： Ive already finished my homework.

　　stop

　　[误] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.

　　[正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.

　　[析] stop to do something是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something是停止做某事。

　　street

　　[误] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.

　　[正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.

　　[析] street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的街道，而road多指乡间的路。

　　strict

　　[误] You ought to be strict to him.

　　[正] You ought to be strict with him.

　　[析] be strict with是对严格的。

　　such

　　[误] Do you want to have such a dictionary

　　[正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary

　　[正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that

　　[析] such作加强语气时一般是such+(冠词)形容词+名词，如： Its such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有能显示程度的含意，如： Ive got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。

　　sure

　　[误] I am quite sure for that answer.

　　[正] I am quite sure of that answer.

　　[析] sure用于句中表示对事有确实把握时应跟of或about，而不跟for，如： Im sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.

　　sweet

　　[误] Honey tastes sweetly.

　　[正] Honey tastes sweet.

　　[析] sweet可以作为名词，意为糖果，是可数名词，如： May I have a sweet作形容词，如： The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词，意为甜美地、悦耳地。要注意taste为感观动词，其后面要接形容词而不是副词。