The following appeared in the editorial section of a newspaper. As public concern over drug abuse has increased, authorities have become more vigilant in their efforts to prevent illegal drugs from entering the country. Many drug traffickers have consequently switched from marijuana, which is bulky, or heroin, which has a market too small to justify the risk of severe punishment, to cocaine. Thus enforcement efforts have ironically resulted in an observed increase in the illegal use of cocaine. Discuss how well reasoned.。. etc.
The conclusion in this argument is that increased vigilance by drug enforcement authorities has resulted in an increase in the illegal use of cocaine. The author reaches this conclusion on the grounds that drug traffickers have responded to increased enforcement efforts by switching from bulkier and riskier drugs to cocaine. Presumably, the authors reasoning is that the increased enforcement efforts inadvertently brought about an increase in the supply of cocaine which, in turn, brought about the observed increase in the illegal use of cocaine. This line of reasoning is problematic in two important respects.
In the first place, the author has engaged in after this, therefore because of this reasoning. The only reason offered for believing that the increased vigilance caused the increase in cocaine use is the fact that the former preceded the latter. No additional evidence linking the two events is offered in the argument, thus leaving open the possibility that the two events are not causally related but merely correlated. This in turn leaves open the possibility that factors other than the one cited are responsible for the increase in cocaine use.
In the second place, the author assumes that an increase in the supply of cocaine is sufficient to bring about an increase in its use. While this is a tempting assumption, it is a problematic one. The presumption required to substantiate this view is that drug users are not particular about which drugs they use, so that if marijuana and heroin are not available, they will switch to whatever drug is availablecocaine in this case. The assumption does not seem reasonable on its face. Marijuana, heroin, and cocaine are not alike in their effects on users; nor are they alike in the manner in which they are ingested or in their addictive properties. The view that drug users choice of drugs is simply a function of supply overlooks these important differences.
In conclusion, the author has failed to establish a causal link between increased enforcement efforts and the observed increase in illegal cocaine use. While the enforcement activities may have been a contributing factor, to show a clear causal connection the author must examine and rule out various other factors.
小编提醒:考生们可在日常生活中多读范文,多练笔,培养出好的语感和逻辑,这样才能在考试中写出优秀的作文。
新GRE写作备考须知
GRE作文入门和进阶二十七
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例14
Issue写作详解(一)
GRE作文入门和进阶十七
GRE作文入门和进阶六
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例6
GRE作文入门和进阶十
GRE作文入门和进阶二十五
GRE作文ARGUMENT范文(十六)
GRE作文入门和进阶十九
GRE作文入门和进阶二十六
最新GRE范文“达到目标的手段”
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例8
GRE作文入门和进阶八
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例12
GRE作文入门和进阶二
GRE作文入门和进阶五
提升新GRE写作的含金句式
写作:GRE作文ARGUMENT126篇真题七
新GRE写作精粹核心句型
GRE作文如何取悦电脑计分器
GRE英语作文笔记(四)
新GRE写作的超强复习计划
GRE作文备考资料5
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例7
浅析GRE作文雷同现象:培养独立思考能力
GRE作文入门和进阶二十三
GRE出国考试写作:GRE出国考试作文范例4
GRE作文入门和进阶二十四
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |