GRE阅读练习每日一篇(二十二)

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读的方法相信大家已经积累了很多了，本文就为大家提供一些GRE阅读的材料，大家来练一练，把平时学到的东西运用到实际中，也多多积累词汇和句子，提高自己的阅读能力。

　　每天做一些标准的GRE阅读练习，有助于大家在GRE考试的复习过程中不断地进行练习和总结。希望大家在进行GRE阅读练习时，充分运用平时所积累的知识，这样才能有效果。

　　Initially the Vinaver theory that Malory s eight romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified, were in fact eight independent works produced both a sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. Vinaver s theory comfortably explained away the apparent contradictions of chronology and made each romance independently satisfying. It was, however, disagreeable to find that what had been thought of as one book was now eight books. Part of this response was the natural reaction to the disturbance of set ideas. Nevertheless, even now, after lengthy consideration of the theory s refined but legitimate observations, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the eight romances are only one work. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.

　　17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　discuss the validity of a hypothesis

　　summarize a system of general principles

　　propose guidelines for future argument

　　stipulate conditions for acceptance of an interpretation

　　deny accusations about an apparent contradiction

　　18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Malory s works?

　　I. There are meaningful links between and among the romances.

　　II. The subtleties of the romances are obscured when they are taken as one work.

　　III. Any contradictions in chronology among the romances are less important than their overall unity.

　　I only

　　III only

　　I and III only

　　II and III only

　　I, II, and III

　　19. The author of the passage concedes which of the following about the Vinaver theory?

　　It gives a clearer understanding of the unity of Malory s romances.

　　It demonstrates the irrationality of considering Malory s romances to be unified.

　　It establishes acceptable links between Malory s romances and modern novels.

　　It unifies earlier and later theories concerning the chronology of Malory s romances.

　　It makes valid and subtle comments about Malory s romances.

　　20. It can be inferred from the passage that, in evaluating the Vinaver theory, some critics were

　　frequently misled by the inconsistencies in Malory s work

　　initially biased by previous interpretations of Malory s work

　　conceptually displeased by the general interpretation that Vinaver rejected

　　generally in agreement with Vinaver s comparisons between Malory and modern novelists

　　originally skeptical about Vinaver s early conclusions with respect to modern novels

　　We can distinguish three different realms of matter, three levels on the quantum ladder. The first is the atomic realm, which includes the world of atoms, their interactions, and the structures that are formed by them, such as molecules, liquids and solids, and gases and plasmas. This realm includes all the phenomena of atomic physics, chemistry, and, in a certain sense, biology. The energy exchanges taking place in this realm are of a relatively low order. If these exchanges are below one electron volt, such as in the collisions between molecules of the air in a room, then atoms and molecules can be regarded as elementary particles. That is, they have conditional elementarity because they keep their identity and do not change in any collisions or in other processes at these low energy exchanges. If one goes to higher energy exchanges, say 104 electron volts, then atoms and molecules will decompose into nuclei and electrons; at this level, the latter particles must be considered as elementary. We find examples of structures and processes of this first rung of the quantum ladder on Earth, on planets, and on the surfaces of stars.

　　The next rung is the nuclear realm. Here the energy exchanges are much higher, on the order of millions of electron volts. As long as we are dealing with phenomena in the atomic realm, such amounts of energy are unavailable, and most nuclei are inert: they do not change. However, if one applies energies of millions of electron volts, nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, and the processes of radioactivity occur; our elementary particles then are protons, neutrons, and electrons. In addition, nuclear processes produce neutrinos, particles that have no detectable mass or charge. In the universe, energies at this level are available in the centers of stars and in star explosions. Indeed, the energy radiated by the stars is produced by nuclear reactions. The natural radioactivity we find on Earth is the long-lived remnant of the time when now-earthly matter was expelled into space by a major stellar explosion.

　　The third rung of the quantum ladder is the subnuclear realm. Here we are dealing with energy exchanges of many billions of electron volts. We encounter excited nucleons, new types of particles such as mesons, heavy electrons, quarks, and gluons, and also antimatter in large quantities. The gluons are the quanta, or smallest units, of the force that keeps the quarks together. As long as we are dealing with the atomic or nuclear realm, these new types of particles do not occur and the nucleons remain inert. But at subnuclear energy levels, the nucleons and mesons appear to be composed of quarks, so that the quarks and gluons figure as elementary particles.

　　21. The primary topic of the passage is which of the following?

　　The interaction of the realms on the quantum ladder

　　Atomic structures found on Earth, on other planets, and on the surfaces of stars

　　Levels of energy that are released in nuclear reactions on Earth and in stars

　　Particles and processes found in the atomic, nuclear, and subnuclear realms

　　New types of particles occurring in the atomic realm

　　22. According to the passage, radioactivity that occurs naturally on Earth is the result of

　　the production of particles that have no detectable mass or electric charge

　　high energy exchanges on the nuclear level that occurred in an ancient explosion in a star

　　processes that occur in the center of the Sun, which emits radiation to the Earth

　　phenomena in the atomic realm that cause atoms and molecules to decompose into nuclei and electrons

　　high-voltage discharges of electricity that took place in the atmosphere of the Earth shortly after the Earth was formed

　　23. The author organizes the passage by

　　making distinctions between two groups of particles, those that are elementary and those that are composite

　　explaining three methods of transferring energy to atoms and to the smaller particles that constitute atoms

　　describing several levels of processes, increasing in energy, and corresponding sets of particles, generally decreasing in size

　　putting forth an argument concerning energy levels and then conceding that several qualifications of that argument are necessary

　　making several successive refinements of a definition of elementarity on the basis of several groups of experimental results

　　24. According to the passage, which of the following can be found in the atomic realm?

　　More than one level of energy exchange

　　Exactly one elementary particle

　　Exactly three kinds of atomic structures

　　Three levels on the quantum ladder

　　No particles smaller than atoms

　　25. According to the author, gluons are not

　　considered to be detectable

　　produced in nuclear reactions

　　encountered in subnuclear energy exchanges

　　related to the strong force

　　found to be conditionally elementary

　　26. At a higher energy level than the subnuclear level described, if such a higher level exists, it can be expected on the basis of the information in the passage that there would probably be

　　excited nucleons

　　elementary mesons

　　a kind of particle without detectable mass or charge

　　exchanges of energy on the order of millions of electron volts

　　another set of elementary particles

　　27. The passage speaks of particles as having conditional elementarity if they

　　remain unchanged at given level of energy exchange

　　cannot be decomposed into smaller constituents

　　are mathematically simpler than some other set of particles

　　release energy at a low level in collisions

　　belong to the nuclear level on the quantum ladder

　　答案：17-27：ACEBDBCABEA