标志词:GRE阅读中的让步关系多种多样,大部分是比较明显的,标志性的词有still,nevertheless, in spite of, all the same, even so, after all, ofcourse等。此外,还有一类特别值得关注的让步关系,即由do, may,have引导的强调句作让步,这类让步往往是考生容易忽视的地方,而恰恰是容易出题的地方。
功能:让步关系在文章中往往起到承上启下的作用,而且有让步就必然由转折,这是GRE阅读里面的一个永恒不变的规律。这为我们理解文章中提供了新的思路,比如,在读文章过程中遇到一句不理解的话,但是紧接着下面跟着一个,由although引导的让步壮语从句,而且这个壮语从句还是比较好理解的,那么,我们可以根据这个让步关系推出前面的那个不明白的句子。
案例分析:Black Fiction does leave some aestheticquestions open. Rosenblatts thematic analysis permits considerableobjectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention tojudge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seemsmisplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led tointeresting results. For instance
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in hisdiscussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fictionsurveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in theprocess some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnsons Autobiography of an Ex- Colored Man. Its argument is tightlyconstructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheadedand penetrating criticism.
这是一篇考过的GRE文章中的最后两段,在上面的一段的第一句,作者用does来强调BlackFiction遗留下一些审美问题,同时表示让步。GRE阅读中,有让步就必然又转折,真正的转折在下一段。从下一段的第一句in spite ofsuch omission,就可以看出,文章开始真正的转折了。在这里,in spite of suchomission这一句起到承上启下的作用,从来这句话中可以看出,Rosenblatt的作品的确存在冗长的现象,但是Rosenblatt作品里也确实有很多值得研究的地方!借助让步关系,我们可以把握住作者的态度,及其文章的逻辑结构。
在GRE阅读中,我们分析文章说到底是为了更加准确的做题。通过让步关系,我们把握住作者的态度,在做态度题的时候,就有了胜算。例如,这篇文章下面有一道这样的题:
The authors discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as
Pedantic and contentious
Critical but admiring
Ironic and deprecating
Argumentative but unfocused
Stilted and insincere
纵观全文,可以看出作者对这本书是正评价,但不是彻底的正评价,因为有让步。要找的答案是主态度的正评价,但不是完全的正评价,有保留的。A、C、E都是由and连接,无法表示让步和转折,故此不可以;D有but,但D的but之后为负评价,也不行。只有B,虽然批评,但是推崇,是有让步的正评价。可见,通过让步关系来把握作者的态度,不仅有助于提高做态度题的速度,而且还提高了准确度。
小结:在GRE阅读中,让步关系是一个非常重要的关系,通过对让步关系的把握,我们可以很容易的把握作者的态度变化和行文思路的变化,因此,我们必须给予足够的重视。
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