英语讲义【87】动词形态的误用

　　前此，谈到动词形态和被动语态的关系，并且指出动词过去分词的重要，以及它是许多错误之源。

　　除此之外，其他类型的错误，也屡见不鲜，包括下列四种：

　　㈠不定式动词（the infinitive），如：

　　① An applicant was rejected, but the personnel manager who rang up with the bad news promised to help her looked for a job elsewhere.

　　凡在HELP+宾语后面出现的一定是不定式动词，可以带to ，也可以不带to，但是绝对不可以是其他形式的动词，因此 looked要改为look或to look。

　　另一个和MAKE有关的句型，也常有形态问题，如：

　　② The sight of the horrible animal made our blood ran cold.

　　③ The long distance between Singapore and China makes Singapores businessmen considering going to nearer countries to invest.

　　②里的ran和③里的considering都是动词形态之误，要分别改成run和consider才对。

　　要注意的是HELP后头的不定式动词可以有to或不带to，但MAKE后面的不定式动词绝对不可有to。

　　㈡过去分词（the past participle），如

　　④ Like other teaching methods, group discussion can assist students in solving recognising problems.

　　在英语里，过去分词和现在分词都可以转化为名词修饰语。前者表示被动及完成的活动；后者则表示主动及未完成的动作。④里的名词problems是已经认同的，因此现在分词recognising要改为过去分词recognised才合理。

　　同样的，⑤里的describing也要改为described。

　　⑤ The instructional techniques describing in the book have some striking features.

　　㈢原形动词，如：

　　⑥ Day in day out, housewives will lost contact with the outside world.

　　在英语助动词do, shall, have等或情态动词can, may, must等后面出现的是原形动词，其他形式的动词都不对。因此，⑥ 里的lost要改为lose。⑦和⑧里的spent 和 entrusted也应为spend和entrust。

　　⑦ Instead of joining violent demonstrators, students should spent their time studying.

　　⑧ Can mothers confidently entrusted their children to any day-care centre?

　　㈣动名词，如：

　　⑨ Prior to analyse teaching methods, it is important for the teacher to know something about the students learning strategies.

　　⑨里的prior to等于介词before，后头带宾语。其中一种宾语是动名词或动名词短语（gerund/gerund phrase）。显然的，原形的analyse要变成analysing。⑩里的engage和╆里的to repair and restore也非改成engaging和repairing and restoring不可： ⑩ They should concentrate on their studies instead of engage themselves in mobs. ╆ The authorities spent a lot of money to repair and restore damaged public buildings.