A 一般现在时的否定式:第三人称单数为does not/doesnt+动词原形;所有其他人称为do not/dont+动词原形。一般过去时的否定式:所有人称都是did not/didnt+动词原形。
口语中较常用的缩略形式举例如下:
He does not/doesnt answer letters.
他从不给人回信。
They do not/dont live here.
他们不住在这儿。
I did not/didnt phone her.
我没打电话给她。
She did not/didnt wait for me.
她没等我。
其余的时态的否定式都用在助动词后加not的方法构成。口语中可用缩略形式:He has not/hasnt finished.
他还没有完成。
He would not/wouldnt come.
他不会来。
B 否定式的缩略形式
助动词be,have,will,would,shall,should,do的缩略形式如下:
am not m not
is not isnt/s not
are not arent/re not
例句如:
Im not going and Tom isnt/Toms not going.
我不去,汤姆也不去。
We arent going./were not going.
我们不去。
have not和has not的缩略形式是havent和hasnt,但在完成时态中ve not和s not也是可以的:
We havent seen him./Weve not seen him.
我们没见到过他。
He hasnt/Hes not come yet.
他还没来。
will not的缩略形式是wont,但ll not也是可以的。 shall not的缩略形式是shant:
I wont go/Ill not go till I hear and I shant hear till tomorrow.
没有听到音信以前我不去,而我要到明天才能听到音信。
其他动词的缩略形式是按常规加上nt。
否定式的缩略式可置于句末:
I saw it but he didnt.
我看见它了,可他没看见。
C 英语中,一个否定句只能在句中有一个否定的表达方式,而双重否定就会使句子具有肯定的含义:Nobody did nothing意指人人都干了点事。
因此,never,no(形容词),none,nobody,no one,nothing,hard- ly,hardly ever等词都和肯定动词连用。可以说:
He didnt eat anything./He ate nothing.
他没吃东西。
He doesnt ever complain./He never complains.
他从来不抱怨。
We havent seen anyone./We have seen no one.
我们谁也没看见。
They didnt speak much./They hardly spoke at all./They hardly ever spoke.
他们没有说什么。
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