9月4日,中国人民银行、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、工商总局、银监会、证监会和保监会七部门联合发布防范代币发行融资风险的公告,叫停各类代币发行融资活动。
Chinese authorities on Monday ordered a ban on Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), a nascent form of fundraising in which technology start-ups issue their own digital coins, or "tokens", to investors to access funds as the rapidly expanding market spawned concerns over financial risks.
因市场迅速扩大引发金融风险担忧,中国管理机构9月4日叫停代币发行融资活动。代币发行融资是新出现的一种融资形式,科技创业公司面向投资者发行自己的数字货币,或“代币”,来获取资金。
Initial Coin Offerings,简称ICOs,即“代币发行融资”。七部门联合发布的公告指出,代币发行融资是指融资主体通过代币的违规发售、流通,向投资者筹集比特币、以太币等所谓“虚拟货币”(virtual currency),本质上是一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为(unauthorized and illegal public fundraising),涉嫌非法发售代币票券(illegal selling of tokens)、非法发行证券(illegal issuance of stocks)以及非法集资(illegal fundraising)、金融诈骗(financial fraud)、传销(pyramid scheme)等违法犯罪活动。
公告同时指出,代币发行融资中使用的代币或“虚拟货币”不由货币当局发行,不具有法偿性(legal tender status)与强制性(mandatory use)等货币属性,不具有与货币等同的法律地位,不能也不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。代币发行融资与交易存在多重风险,包括虚假资产风险(flase asset risk)、经营失败风险(operation failure risk)、投资炒作风险(investment speculation risk)等,投资者须自行承担投资风险,希望广大投资者谨防上当受骗。
目前知名度较高的代币就是比特币,比特币(Bitcoin)是一种在互联网上流通的虚拟货币(virtual currency),它不像传统货币那样由央行(central bank)来发行管理,而是完全依托互联网运行,是一种去中心化的加密货币(decentralized crypto-currency)。
2013年12月,中国人民银行等五部门发文,将比特币定性为“非货币”(non-currency),要求金融机构、非金融支付平台不得为比特币提供包括托管资金账户在内的多项服务。
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