专家谈翻译“八戒”（二）

五、戒结构单调，组合生硬 “拉郎配”

由于汉英结构不同，表达方式迥异，“硬性 在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时，我忽然问起原来的班主任：“我个子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？” At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:" Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?" 一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板亲自蹲下来给她效劳。 When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally. 黑体字部分，正是契合了英语的表达习惯。

六、戒“愚忠”，不谙增减之道 我们耳熟能详的东西外国人可能会感到一头雾水，译者需要增加必要的说明和补充或者减译。否则，外国人会不知所云。毕竟，汉译英最终是给外国人看的。

例如：风水 fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family. 例如：（美国对台）“三不政策” 会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。 One day I shall climb Clear to the summit, See how small surrounding Mountain tops appear as they lie below me （新西兰人路易·艾黎译《杜甫·望岳》） I can't open my eyes to watch you jumping into the fiery pit, for I will shut my eyes at the time. 我不会眼睁睁看着你往火坑里跳，到时候我会闭上的。 不要嫌我黑，两眼放光辉；不要嫌我瘦，一身好精肉。 Do not Cold-shoulder me for my swarthy(黝黑的) face, but I have a pair of bright piercing(敏锐的) eyes; Do not Cold-shoulder me for my slight figure, but I’m lean and healthy. 文中the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family. on support for Taiwan independence, no support for a two-China policy, and on support for Taiwan membership in international organizations on the basis of statehood. 七、戒语句重复 汉语多重复，以强化语气；英语则要尽量避免重复。 先生曰：“狼负我，狼负我！”狼曰：“吾非固欲负汝。天生汝辈，固需吾辈食也。” "You are an ungrateful beast," complained the man. "Not at all," retorted the wolf, "it is not that I’m ungrateful, but you men were created for us to devour." （颜惠庆译《马中锡·中山狼传》） 王曰：“此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。” "The bird may not have flown yet", replied the King,"Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone." （杨宪益译《史记·滑稽列传》 阿凡提借了财主一锭金子，还他时给了他两锭。 Afanty borrowed a small ingot of gold from a moneybags, but repaid him two ones. （选自艾临《幽默新大陆》） 又斗争，又团结，以斗争的手段，达团结之目的。 Unity, struggle, unity through struggle. 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。 What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living. 八、戒另起炉灶，走失精气神，沦为法国作家梅纳日所批评的 “不忠的美人”——即语言优美但不忠于原文。（参见2005年08月26日《济南日报》： 艾临文章《不忠的美人与忠实的美人——写在〈每天幽它一默〉出版后》）严复在