2017届高考英语一轮复习必备单词素材：Unit 8 Adventure（北师大版）

　　Unit 8　Adventure

　　[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]

　　1.aim n．目标；目的

　　2.risk vt.

　　冒……的危险

　　3.quantity n.

　　量，数量

　　4.distant adj.远处的；久远的→distance n．遥远

　　5.limit n．边界；限度→limited adj.有限的

　　6.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不自在的→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfort n．&vt.安慰

　　7.accommodation n．住所，住处→accommodate vt.容纳

　　8.differ vi.不同于，有区别→difference n．不同之处→different adj.不同的

　　9.anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的→anxiety n．焦虑，不安

　　10.extreme adj.极度的，极端的→extremely adv.极其地，极端地

　　11.similarity n．相似性，类似性→similar adj.相似的

　　12.various adj.不同的，各种各样的→variety n．品种；种类；变化→vary vi.变化

　　13.equipment n．配备，设备→equip vt.装备，配置

　　14.preference n．较喜欢的东西，偏爱→prefer v．喜爱

　　15.amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)→amazed adj.惊愕的，吃惊的→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazement n．吃惊，惊愕

　　16.confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.困惑的→confusing adj.令人困惑的→confusion n．混乱；困惑

　　17.wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n．财富；富有

　　18.preparation n．准备；预备→prepare vt.准备；预备

　　19.cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的→cheer n．&vt.欢呼

　　20.patience n．耐心；忍耐力→patient adj.耐心的n.病人→patiently adv.耐心地

　　21.observe vt.观察，观测→observation n．观察

　　22.ambition n．志向，抱负→ambitious adj.有远大志向的；有野心的

　　23.survival n．幸存，残存→survive vt.&vi.幸免于；幸存

　　用所给词的适当形式填空1.He felt uncomfortable (comfort) because of being criticized to his face.

　　2.They are both doctors but that is where the similarity (similar) ends.

　　3.However, people's preference (prefer) to food seems to have no relations with nutrition.

　　4.Do not be afraid to be ambitious (ambition) when you set these goals.

　　5.The time we spent together is now a distant (distance) memory.

　　6.He is engaged in making preparations (prepare) for the conference on educational work.

　　7.He said nothing, but felt extremely (extreme) happy inside.

　　8.The workers in the factory equip themselves with scientific knowledge and all the equipment in the factory is very advanced.(equip)

　　9.What amazed me was Liu Qian's amazing performance which made all the people present look at him in amazement.(amaze)　

　　10.Judging from his confused expression, he didn't understand the confusing problem referring to teenagers' mental health.(confuse)

　　11.He's a good doctor. He always has patience with his patients and talks with them patiently.(patient)

　　12.There were a few anxious moments in the basketball game. Therefore, all of us watched it with anxiety.(anxious)

　　13.The car is different from that one. Their differences lie in color and type.(different)

　　1.由quantity想到的

　　①several 几个

　　②couple

　　一对

　　③score

　　二十

　　④dozen

　　十二个

　　⑤numerous

　　许多的

　　⑥none

　　没有

　　⑦million

　　百万

　　⑧billion

　　十亿

　　2.后缀­al名词荟萃

　　①survival幸存

　　②removal

　　移除

　　③arrival

　　到达

　　④refusal

　　拒绝

　　⑤proposal

　　提议

　　⑥approval

　　批准

　　3.后缀­ful形容词大全

　　①useful

　　有用的

　　②painful

　　痛苦的

　　③peaceful

　　和平的

　　④harmful

　　有害的

　　⑤mouthful

　　满嘴的

　　⑥doubtful

　　怀疑的

　　⑦meaningful

　　有意义的

　　⑧cheerful

　　高兴的

　　4.“情绪”词汇全扫描

　　①depression n． 　沮丧

　　②disappointment n.

　　失望

　　③sorrow n.

　　悲伤

　　④anxiety n.

　　焦虑

　　⑤grief n.

　　悲伤

　　⑥annoyed adj.

　　恼火的

　　⑦nervous adj.

　　紧张的

　　⑧shock n.

　　震惊

　　5.盘点­ious结尾形容词

　　previous　先前的；以往的

　　cautious

　　谨慎的；小心的

　　envious

　　嫉妒的；羡慕的

　　anxious

　　焦虑的；担心的

　　suspicious

　　怀疑的

　　religious

　　宗教的；虔诚的

　　harmonious

　　和谐的

　　various

　　各种各样的

　　[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]

　　1.right_now 就在此刻

　　2.in_order_to_do_something

　　目的是，以便

　　3.upside_down

　　颠倒地，倒置地

　　4.turn_up

　　出现，到场；调高声音

　　5.back_out

　　决定不履行(允诺的事)

　　6.get_across

　　使理解(某事)

　　7.in_turn

　　轮流

　　8.break_out

　　(坏事)突然发生，爆发

　　9.put_..._into_prison

　　把……关进监狱

　　10.stand_by

　　坚持(某种)说法；袖手旁观

　　11.on_one's_way

　　在途中

　　12.break_down

　　损坏，不能运转；失败

　　13.run_out_of

　　用完，耗尽

　　14.carry_on

　　继续做某事

　　15.take_off

　　起飞；匆匆离去；脱掉；开始成功 选用左栏短语填空1.We are not prepared to stand_by and let them close our school.

　　2.As the plane was ready to take_off,_all the passengers fastened their seat belts.

　　3.He broke_down and wept when he heard the bad news.

　　4.It took a long time to get_across to the workers the way the system worked.

　　5.Once you have given your words, don't try to back_out.

　　6.After he left I just tried to carry_on as usual in spite of some difficulty.

　　7.A big fire broke_out in the hotel last night, but all the people were able to escape from it.

　　8.Everything in the house was turned upside_down for the lost diamond ring. 1.turn短语面面观

　　①turn down　关小；拒绝

　　turn away

　　拒绝支持

　　turn out

　　生产；结果是

　　turn over

　　使翻转；移交

　　turn in

　　上交

　　turn to

　　求助于

　　turn up

　　出现；到场

　　turn on/off

　　打开/关闭

　　2.“动词＋out”短语汇总

　　bring out　 出版；公布

　　carry out

　　实施；执行

　　check out

　　结账后离开

　　drop out

　　退出

　　leave out

　　忽略；遗漏

　　cut out

　　删去；剪去

　　let out

　　放出

　　back out

　　决定不履行(允诺的事)

　　[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]

　　1.When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out, but my friends persuaded me to go through with it. 我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我。 so ... that引导结果状语从句。 (环境)这么嘈杂，以至于我们都听不到自己说的话。It was so_noisy_that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.(2015·浙江高考改编)

　　2.Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true. 虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。 too ... to ... “太……而不能……”。 我太忙了，没时间照顾我的小孩。I'm too_busy_to_take_

　　care_of my baby.

　　3.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接下来极地冬日的极夜时期到来了。 全部倒装句。 然后铃响了，下课了。Then goes_the_bell and class is over.

　　4.The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.

　　接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走不便。 have difficulty (in) doing sth.“在做某事方面有困难”。 天下着大雨，我们费了好大劲才到达目的地。It raining hard, we had_

　　great_difficulty_reaching the destination.

　　1．differ vi.不同于，有区别

　　[教材原句]　How do the tourists differ from local people?

　　旅游者与当地居民有什么不同呢？

　　(1)differ from ... in ...　在……方面与……不同

　　differ with sb.

　　与某人意见不同

　　(2)different adj.

　　不同的，有差异的

　　be different from ...

　　不同于……

　　(3)difference n.

　　差异，差别

　　make a/no difference

　　有/无影响

　　tell the difference between A and B

　　指出A与B的不同

　　As we know, the two theories differ from each other in many ways.

　　像我们知道的那样，这两种理论彼此间的不同是多方面的。

　　Only when we match our words with actions can we make_a_difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)

　　只有言行一致我们才能对希望实现的任何事情有所帮助。

　　2．risk vt.冒……的危险n.冒险；危险；风险

　　[教材原句]　What makes people risk their lives to do them?

　　是什么使人们冒着生命危险去做这些事呢？

　　(1)risk (doing) sth.冒险(做)某事

　　(2)at the risk of (doing) sth.

　　冒着做某事的风险

　　take/run the risk of (doing) sth.

　　冒……的危险；冒险做某事

　　take/run a risk/risks

　　冒险

　　at risk

　　处境危险；遭受危险

　　at all risks/at any risk

　　无论冒什么风险，无论如何

　　①We've been advised not to risk travelling (travel) in these conditions.

　　我们被建议在这些条件下不要冒险出行。

　　②They were determined to get there even at_the_risk_of_their_lives.

　　即使要冒生命危险，他们也决心要到那里去。

　　③It is not worthwhile to take_the_risk_of offending your boss just to get such a small sum of money.

　　仅是为拿到那一点钱就去触怒老板，不值得。

　　3．confuse vt.使困惑；使迷惑；混淆

　　[教材原句]　He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.

　　他也对人们用来当燃料燃烧的黑色石头感到困惑。

　　(1)confuse A with/and B将A和B混淆

　　(2)confused adj.

　　困惑的，糊涂的；不清楚的

　　be/get confused

　　被弄糊涂

　　confusing adj.

　　令人迷惑的

　　(3)confusion n.

　　混乱；困惑

　　in confusion

　　困惑地，困窘地；乱七八糟，处于混乱状态

　　I often confuse the boy with/and his twin brother.They are so much alike.

　　我经常把这个男孩跟他的双胞胎兄弟搞混。他们长得太相像了。

　　They asked me so many questions that I got confused (confuse)．

　　他们问了我许多问题，把我弄糊涂了。

　　He stopped in_confusion as everyone turned to look at him.

　　当大家回头看他时，他困惑地停了下来。

　　4．quantity n．量，数量

　　[教材原句]　He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.

　　他去了一个大量生产铁的城市。

　　既可修饰可数名词，

　　又可修饰不可数名词

　　in quantity/in large quantities　大量，大批

　　①A large quantity of good earth is being washed away in this area every year.

　　＝Large quantities of good earth are_being_washed_away in this area every year.

　　每年这个地区大量沃土被冲走。

　　②It is well­known that it's cheaper to buy goods in_quantity/in_large_quantities.

　　众所周知，大批量购货较便宜。

　　[名师指津]　a quantity of与quantities of意思相当，其修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的数一般根据quantity的单复数来确定。

　　5．preparation n．准备，预备

　　[教材原句]　During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.

　　在1910～1911年的南极夏季期间，两个探险队为准备第二年的旅行组建了食品储存处。

　　(1)make preparations for/to do sth.

　　　为(做)某事作准备

　　(be) in preparation

　　在准备中

　　(2)prepare vt.

　　预备；筹备；调制；为……作准备

　　　 vi.

　　准备；预备；作准备

　　prepare to do sth.

　　准备做某事

　　prepare (sb.) for sth.

　　(使某人)为某事做准备

　　(3)prepared adj.

　　有准备的，事先准备好的

　　愿意做某事；为(做)

　　某事做好准备

　　Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

　　(谚)抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。

　　It is necessary for the young to make preparations (prepare) for their future.

　　年轻人有必要为他们的未来做些准备。

　　If we learn to accept changes and appreciate what is new and different, we will_be_well_prepared_for whatever the future may have in store.

　　如果我们学会接受变化，学会欣赏新的不同的东西，我们就能有准备地迎接未来带给我们的一切。

　　6．aim n．目标；目的；瞄准vi.&vt. 瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力

　　[高考佳句]　The match's aim was to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing.(2017·湖南高考书面表达)

　　比赛的目的是让更多的人知道我们所面临的糟糕的环境状况。

　　(1)achieve one's aim　达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标

　　take aim at

　　向……瞄准

　　with the aim of

　　以……为目标；意在……

　　(2)aim sth. at sb./sth.

　　用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物

　　aim at doing sth./aim to do sth.

　　意欲、企图、旨在做某事

　　be aimed at

　　目的是；旨在

　　(3)aimless adj.

　　无目的的

　　aimlessly adv.

　　无目标地

　　The project aims to_get (get) kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn.

　　这个项目旨在让孩子们进入一个“深度阅读”状态，一个他们可以在读书中学习的状态。

　　He went to the city with_the_aim_of making money.

　　他进城的目的是赚钱。

　　This activity is_aimed_at improving the students' ability of listening and speaking.

　　这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。

　　7．observe vt.观察，观测；遵守；庆祝

　　[高考佳句]　Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2017·北京高考单选)

　　在实验室做实验时，要仔细观察是否有变化发生。(1)observe sb.do/doing sth.

　　看到某人做了/正在做某事

　　observe sth.done

　　看到某事被做

　　observe a rule

　　遵守规则

　　(2)observer n.

　　观察者

　　(3)observation n.

　　观察；观察力；观测

　　be under observation

　　在观察中，在监视中

　　She observed a man walking (walk) on the opposite side of the road.

　　她看见一个男人正在马路对面走着。

　　The police decided to put him under_observation because he looked dangerous.

　　因为他看起来很危险，所以警察决定监视他。

　　[一言串记]　When we attend the parade to observe National Day, we must observe the traffic regulations. If we observe someone running a red light, we should stop him.

　　当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人正在闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。

　　8．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；边界；限度

　　[高考佳句]　The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.(2015·全国卷满分作文)

　　文章的长度应限制在四百词左右。

　　(1)limit ... to ...　把……限定在……范围内

　　(2)set a limit to/on ...

　　对……规定限度

　　within the limits of ...

　　在……范围内

　　within limits

　　在一定范围内；有限度地

　　without limit

　　无限地

　　(3)limited adj.

　　有限的

　　be limited to sth. 受限制于某物

　　The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.

　　教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。

　　Our life has a limit, but knowledge is without_limit.

　　生命有限，知识无涯。

　　He was born in a poor family, and only received a limited(limit) education in his childhood.

　　他出身贫寒，小时候接受的教育有限。

　　.基础点全练(单句语法填空)

　　1．As soon as you set a limit to/on your endurance, you will lose.

　　2．People who are overweight run a risk of a heart attack or stroke.

　　3．Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan at the meeting.

　　4．They will start their project, aimed (aim) at helping the poor children to be educated in the west of China.

　　5．I was shocked at the news that they got divorced again.

　　6．People took shelter from the shower in the department store.

　　7．We were amazed to_find (find) that he had left without saying goodbye.

　　8．So far large quantities of information have (have) been stored in the computer.

　　9．She was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.

　　10．The murderer was observed to_quarrel (quarrel) with his neighbour in the park the other day.

　　Ⅱ.重难点多练

　　1．differ站清

　　单句语法填空

　　①Tomorrow's world will be very different from the world of today.

　　②English differs from Chinese in this respect, so we must pay more attention to it.

　　③Tom differs with Mike on the plan made yesterday.

　　④It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.

　　⑤Can you tell the difference (differ) between the words “require” and “request”？I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.

　　2．confuse点点练

　　用confuse的适当形式填空

　　①She looked confused. Her reaction seemed very slow.

　　②Since we moved to our new house, all of our things are in confusion.

　　③The instructions on the medicine bottle are so confusing that I'm at a total loss how to use it.

　　3．preparation多棱镜

　　根据汉语提示完成片段

　　I am ①in_preparation_for (在为……准备) my overseas study, so I am attending a course which ②prepares_the_students_for (让学生为……做好准备) TOEFL. To tell the truth, the teacher doesn't ③make_preparations_for (为……做准备) his lessons. I have no choice but to study by myself. Anyway, I have to ④get_well_prepared/ready_for (为……作好准备) my ideal.

　　Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练

　　1．根据语境选出observe的词性和词义

　　He made a telescope through which he could observe the stars.__C__

　　②Failure to observe all park rules could result in being driven out of the park without refund.__B__

　　③We gathered here today to observe the foundation of our company.__A__

　　2．根据语境选出aim的词性和词义

　　①He aimed his gun at the lion, fired and missed.__C__

　　②This anti­smoking campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers.__D__

　　③Our aim is to make the students' speech comprehensible.__A__

　　④Before the hunter could take aim, the deer jumped out of sight.__B__

　　1．take off起飞；脱去(衣服)；开始成功；休假；匆匆离去

　　[经典例句]　When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction.(牛津P2059)

　　他见我走过来便赶快转身走了。

　　[一词多义]　写出下列句中take off的含义

　　①Three planes were standing on the runway, waiting to take off.

　　起飞

　　②Take off your wet clothes and put on some dry ones.脱去(衣服)

　　③Congratulations, Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off.休假

　　④Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.开始成功

　　2．get across使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；横过(马路、河等)

　　[教材原句]　It's difficult to get across how exciting it is!

　　要真正理解这是多么令人兴奋的事并不容易。

　　get across to (sb.)/get sth.across to (sb.)

　　被传达/理解；把……讲清楚

　　get away from

　　逃离；远离；避开

　　get down to (doing)

　　开始认真处理/对待，开始(做)

　　get through

　　穿过；完成；接通电话；用完；通过

　　①I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to get through.(2017·湖北高考多选)

　　我整晚都在给查尔斯打电话，但一定是网络出了问题，我似乎接不通。

　　②Lucy spoke slowly，but she couldn't get_her_meaning_across_to_the_girl.

　　露西说得很慢，但还是不能让那女孩理解她的意思。

　　③It's high time that I got down to reflecting (reflect) on my mistakes.

　　是我应该反思自己错误的时候了。

　　3．break down损坏，不能运转；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解

　　[教材原句]　First, his two sledges broke down, and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.

　　先是他的两个雪橇坏了，接着马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。

　　[一词多义]　写出下列句中break down的含义

　　①Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2017·福建高考单选)损坏，不能运转

　　②The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.拆毁，拆除

　　③He is showing signs that he might break down.身体垮掉

　　④It's reported that peace talks have broken down in the Middle East.失败

　　⑤Bacteria break down the animal waste to form methane gas (沼气)．分解

　　break into破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)

　　break in

　　闯入；插话，打断

　　break away from

　　突然挣脱，摆脱

　　break out

　　(坏事)突然发生，爆发

　　break up

　　结束；粉碎，破碎；解散

　　⑥The ice will break_up when the warm weather comes.

　　天气转暖，冰层就会破裂。

　　⑦I luckily managed to break_away_from my awful marriage.

　　我幸运地从可怕的婚姻中解脱出来。

　　4．Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.

　　虽然人们爱读他的书，但许多人认为马可写的东西太离奇而不可信。

　　(1)该句中使用了too ...to ...结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。

　　①My father is too_stubborn_a_man to be persuaded to change his mind.

　　我父亲是个固执的人不会被别人说服改变主意的。

　　(2)“too ...to ...”结构中，若too后接glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示心情、情绪的形容词时，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。

　　②I am too eager to_have (have) a world travel.

　　我很想进行一次环球旅行。

　　(3)“too ...to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……；十分……；实在……；真是太……”等。

　　③They are all too_satisfied_to go and do this work.

　　他们都很乐意地去做这项工作。

　　(4)“too ...to ...”结构可以与“not enough ...to ...”或“so ...that ...”结构相互转换。

　　④Tom is too young to go to school. Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home.

　　④－1 Tom is not old enough to go to school. Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home.

　　④－2 Tom is so young that he can't go to school. Therefore, his mother takes care of him at home.

　　汤姆太小了，不能去上学。因此，他妈妈在家照看他。

　　(5)“can't ...too ...”表示“无论怎样……也不过分”。

　　⑤You can't be too careful to_drive (drive). After all, life is valuable.

　　你开车时怎么仔细也不为过。毕竟生命是宝贵的。

　　5．The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having_great_difficulty_walking.

　　接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走不便。

　　have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“在做某事方面有困难或麻烦”，difficulty前有时可用some, much, great, little, no等词来修饰。

　　①We have_much_difficulty_(in)__understanding what he says.

　　我们要理解他说的话有不少困难。

　　(1)have trouble/bother/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth.　做某事有困难

　　(2)have difficulty/trouble/bother with sth.

　　在某事方面有困难

　　②She said she had some difficulty with her English pronunciation and wanted my help.

　　她说她在英语发音方面有些困难，需要我的帮助。

　　③At first I had a hard time reasoning (reason) them into accepting the plan.But for my teachers' support, it couldn't have worked out perfectly.

　　起初，我费了好大的劲才说服他们接受这项计划。如果没有老师的支持，结局不会这么完美。

　　Ⅰ.基础点全练

　　1．单句语法填空

　　①Don't just stand by. Please help me.

　　②I keep having the same dream about trying to get across a deep river.

　　③It would be nice for me to carry on a civilized conversation with you.

　　④We must face the fact that we are running out of all the money.

　　⑤He promised that he would come, but he hasn't turned up yet.

　　⑥After his third film, his career of film performance took off.

　　⑦I'm going to get down to studying (study) English this term.

　　⑧Do you have any difficulty finding (find) his address? Let me help you.

　　2．运用所学短语完成片段

　　①In_order_to (为了) experience Southeast Asian culture which ②differs/is_different

　　_from (与……不同) theirs, Wei Hua together with Wei Tong, his brother, got_their_ idea

　　_across_to_their_parents (让父母理解他们的想法). With parents' permission, they decided to take the plane which took_off (起飞) on Saturday. On_the_way (在途中) to Thailand, they ran across their friend, Tom. After reaching Thailand, they had_no_difficulty_in (在……方面没有困难) communicating with the local people with the help of Tom. They were amazed at various kinds of entertainment facilities (娱乐设施), activities and a_quantity/quantities_of (大量的) temples there. They had great fun.

　　Ⅱ.重难点多练

　　1．break相关短语全接触

　　介、副词填空

　　①The criminal broke away from the policemen who were holding him.

　　②Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.

　　③The washing machine seems to have broken down again.

　　④The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking up.

　　⑤I could have told the story better if so many people had not broken in.

　　⑥We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.

　　2．too ...to ...万花筒

　　(1)完成句子

　　①I can't_thank_you_too_much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.

　　我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我再怎样感谢你也不过分。

　　②I'm too happy to_be_invited to your birthday party.

　　我很高兴受邀参加你的生日聚会。

　　③If the population continues to increase, the earth will become too_small_a_planet_

　　to_support so many people.

　　如果人口持续增长，地球会变成一个小星球而不能支撑这么多人。

　　(2)句型转换

　　④It's clear that the tree is too young to stand the storm.

　　④－1 It's clear that the tree is not old enough to stand the storm.

　　④－2 It's clear that the tree is so young that it can't stand the storm.

　　课时练(一)　一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟)

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．Upon reaching this level, temperature no longer increases with altitude (高度)．

　　2．When she got on the bus, she observed (注意到) all the seats were already occupied.

　　3．There are various (不同的) ways of getting to the station: by bus, by car or on foot.

　　4．After the test, the student was anxious (渴望的) to know the results from the teacher.

　　5．The two squares differ (与……不同) in colour but not in size.

　　6．If you think the job will be easy, you're in for a shock (震惊)．

　　7．Saunder's lawyer made a brief statement (陈述) to the press outside the court.

　　8．Your work has improved in quantity (数量) and quality this term.

　　9．The brave soldier risked (冒……的危险) his life to save the drowning boy.

　　10．The government is taking measures to turn the school into a good shelter (庇护所) for all the students.

　　11．Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function (运转) normally.

　　12．The amount of money you have to spend will limit (限制) your choice.

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1．It's stupid to risk doing (do) anything that might lead to failure.

　　2．Large quantities of goods have_been_sold (sell) out since they brought down the price.

　　3．It's not easy work to_organize (organize) such a well­prepared exhibition.

　　4．You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking (walk)home in the snowstorm.

　　5．This kind of cloth feels (feel) well and lasts (last) long.

　　6．I must say I have a strong preference for classical architecture.

　　7．The monitor assigned us to make preparations for the upcoming Christmas party.

　　8．From what they say, these two houses differ greatly in sizes and structures.

　　9．He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire.

　　10．There's a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.

　　11．The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.(2017·天津高考改编)

　　12．The Olympics are like a huge stage where everyone makes every effort to achieve their dreams.

　　Ⅲ.单句改错

　　1．We were loading the luggages into the car when it began to rain. luggages→luggage

　　2．I feel confusing by his offering me the two suggestions.confusing→confused

　　3．Large quantities of water has just been drunk by him.has→have

　　4．Should another world war break down, what would become of human beings？down→out

　　5．Dear passengers, please remain seating until the bus totally stops.seating→seated_

　　6．They arrived at a farmhouse, but, to their surprise, in front of which sat a little boy crying aloud.which→it

　　7．He is often observed go shopping with his classmates.go前加to

　　8．The team have been training hard in preparations for the big game.preparations→preparation

　　9．They are running out oil and the plane has to land on the field.out后加of

　　10．The most impressive sites of Chishui Danxia are its various waterfalls, in which the Shizhang Waterfall is the largest one.in→of

　　Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空

　　Adventure 2000 is an organisation for adventures to the Himalayas. It can satisfy all the needs of hikers. All the guides ①who are very experienced, learn about all the best places to camp. ②On a hiking trip, their cooks can prepare foods ③tasting (taste) delicious and porters can carry luggage for hikers. ④Besides,_at Adventure 2000, they can make a detailed arrangement for travel, ⑤including (include) flights, accommodation and so on.They also provide special offers ⑥for those hikers who have different interests. For those who are interested in history, there is a trip to Western China. For hikers preferring ⑦to_play (play) on the coast, they can provide relative service. Among the three classes, Class A is ⑧the_most_difficult (difficult). If you want to join ⑨in this adventure, you will pay ￡2,500, which includes all flights and accommodation. Keep in mind ⑩that maximum group size is 15 people.

　　Ⅴ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练

　　(一)依据提示补全短文

　　I am anxious to go to Australia in order to experience a culture which differs_from_ours (不同于我们的), but (besides/and/but) for different reasons my parents wouldn't like me to travel abroad. Finally I managed to get_my_idea_across_to_them (让他们理解了我的想法) and decided to take the plane that took_off (起飞) on Sunday to Australia. After reaching Australia, I rented a car to go out with a friend. ①To my surprise, there are so many sheep in Australia. It is said that every year a lot of woolen goods are exported to all over the world. On_our_way_to_Sydney (在我们去悉尼的路上), our car was out of order and what's worse, we used up oil. It took me a few hours to buy oil and I was worn out. Finally we got the car working. We set_off (出发) again.

　　(二)按要求将词汇句式升级

　　1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分

　　(1)different→various

　　(2)a lot of→large_quantities_of

　　(3)was out of order→broke_down

　　(4)used up→ran_out_of

　　(5)working→functioning

　　2．用“so ... that ...”句型改写句①

　　There_are_so_many_sheep_in_Australia_that_I_got_amazed.

　　二、完形填空提练(练专项)(限时：20分钟)

　　(2016·河北省邢台市摸底考试)My 13­year­old son and I had quite the adventure this morning! We frequently passed by a __1__ landscaped yard with a nice little flower garden. I wanted to __2__ my thanks for the time and effort put in by the __3__， but I've never seen him or her, so we went to a local grocery and bought a gift card that I would leave with a __4__ and a smile card the next time that I passed by.

　　We also ran to Walmart and __5__ a few $10 gift cards along with some note cards and our other __6__. While we were putting our things away in the car, my son __7__ that a lady that had just parked next to us looked a little __8__. As soon as she entered the __9__， we grabbed a note card, made a note __10__， and added a gift card for her to find when she got back to her __11__， hoping to comfort her feelings.

　　After that, we went for a(n) __12__ breakfast. The restaurant was pretty __13__ and the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busy forever. A young couple __14__ across the dining table from us was having some trouble with their __15__， who looked to be about four or five. He grew __16__ and impatient with the wait and they had their hands __17__ keeping him from making troubles.

　　I remember being in their __18__， so I stopped their __19__ and had their breakfast added to my check. Great __20__ to my day, and I can't wait to do it again!

　　1．A.smoothly B．carelessly

　　C．roughly

　　D．beautifully

　　解析：选D　根据此空后的“landscaped yard with a nice little flower garden”可推断，此处表示“一个经过美化的漂亮的院子”。故选D项。

　　2．A.express

　　B．recognize

　　C．design

　　D．accept

　　解析：选A　“我”想对这位投入时间和精力的园丁表达(express)感谢。

　　3．A.nurse

　　B．dentist

　　C．gardener

　　D．passer­by

　　解析：选C　根据上一句“We frequently passed by a __1__ landscaped yard with a nice little flower garden.”可推断，此处表示“我”想对这位花时间和精力把院子美化得如此漂亮的园丁(gardener)表示感激。

　　4．A.present

　　B．note

　　C．book

　　D．diploma

　　解析：选B　根据5空后的“a few $10 gift cards along with some note cards”可知，此处应用note“便条”。

　　5．A.bought

　　B．borrowed

　　C．sold

　　D．imported

　　解析：选A　“我”和儿子也跑到沃尔玛买(bought)了一些10美元的礼物卡。

　　6．A.instruments

　　B．desserts

　　C．vegetables

　　D．groceries

　　解析：选D　instrument“器具，仪表”；dessert“甜点”；vegetable“蔬菜”；grocery“食品杂货”。根据语境可知，此处表示我们还买了一些食品杂货，故选D项。

　　7．A.suspected

　　B．observed

　　C．imagined

　　D．reserved

　　解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示“我的儿子注意到刚才紧挨着我们停车的一位女士”，observe“观察到，注意到”，符合语境。

　　8．A.elegant

　　B．generous

　　C．excited

　　D．upset

　　解析：选D　根据11空后的“hoping to comfort her feelings”可推断，此处表示这位女士看上去有点儿沮丧，故选upset“难过的，沮丧的”。

　　9．A.store

　　B．clinic

　　C．bank

　　D．nursery

　　解析：选A　根据上文可知，我们停车去沃尔玛购物，这位女士的车停在我们的旁边，由此可推测此处表示她进入商店，故选store“商店”。

　　10．A.slowly

　　B．unwillingly

　　C．quickly

　　D．shyly

　　解析：选C　根据语境中的“As soon as”和“grabbed”可知，此处应用quickly“迅速地”。

　　11．A.house

　　B．car

　　C．bike

　　D．bench

　　解析：选B　根据8空前“parked”(停车)可知，应用car。

　　12．A.early

　　B．boring

　　C．expensive

　　D．late

　　解析：选D　根据上文可知，“我”已经做了一系列的事情，故此处表示比较迟的(late)早餐，故D项正确。

　　13．A.decorated

　　B．empty

　　C．packed

　　D．deserted

　　解析：选C　decorated“装饰的”；empty“空的”；packed“挤满人的”；deserted“空寂无人的”。根据空后的“and the people working in the kitchen seemed to be busy forever”可推断C项正确。

　　14．A.lain

　　B．loaded

　　C．seated

　　D．arranged

　　解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处表示“在我们对面的餐桌上坐着一对年轻的夫妻”，故选seat“就座”。

　　15．A.son

　　B．daughter

　　C．dog

　　D．pet

　　解析：选A　根据此空后的“who looked to be about four or five. He grew”可推断，此处表示这对年轻夫妻的儿子，故A项正确。

　　16．A.defenseless

　　B．tireless

　　C．careless

　　D．restless

　　解析：选D　defenseless“无防御的”；tireless“不知疲倦的”；careless“粗心的”；restless“坐立不安的”。根据此空后的impatient“没有耐心的，焦躁的”可知，此处表示年轻夫妻的儿子坐立不安，故D项正确。

　　17．A.available

　　B．full

　　C．normal

　　D．necessary

　　解析：选B　此处表示这对夫妻忙着阻止儿子捣乱，have one's hands full意为“非常忙，应接不暇”，故B项正确。

　　18．A.shorts

　　B．gloves

　　C．shoes

　　D．socks

　　解析：选C　be in sb.'s shoes“处于某人的境地”，为固定短语，符合此处的语境。

　　19．A.waitress

　　B．child

　　C．customer

　　D．hostess

　　解析：选A　“我”截住了服务员(waitress)，告诉她把这对夫妻的早餐钱加到“我”的账单里。

　　20．A.end

　　B．start

　　C．story

　　D．dream

　　解析：选B　这是上午发生的事，故此处指的是“我”一天美好的开始，故B项正确。

　　课时练(二)　阅读理解提速练(练速度)

　　(限时：35分钟)A

　　(2016·华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.

　　Tu shared the prize with Irish­born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary anti­roundworm treatment. 84­year­old Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients' suffering and promoting mankind's health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu's dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malaria­friendly parasites (寄生虫).

　　However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn't have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “three­noes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she's never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China's national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.

　　The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.

　　As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu's record­breaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无”(无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历)获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。

　　1．We can know from the text that ________.

　　A．Tu worked at home and abroad to conduct her research

　　B．Tu got the Nobel Prize for her anti­roundworm treatment

　　C．the Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work

　　D．her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“she's never worked overseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行anti­roundworm treatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。

　　2．The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with________.

　　A．a sense of national pride

　　B．relevant academic knowledge

　　C．a desire to achieve success

　　D．enthusiasm for scientific research

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。

　　3．In writing the passage, the author intends to________.

　　A．inform readers of the news and make comments

　　B．discourage the pursuit of instant success in science

　　C．remind readers of the principles of scientific research

　　D．praise the award winner and encourage scientific research

　　解析：选A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。

　　B

　　(2016·长春市高三质检二)Steve and I pulled trash for four solid hours continuously, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk. My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally trembled as I was heading for the street. But the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”

　　I could not have imagined there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours flew by.

　　Saturday meant many people were outdoors working in their gardens or greenhouses. Most of them looked approachable enough. There wasn't time for lengthy talks but enough to exchange greetings that go with civilized ways. But I was shocked to find that this wasn't the case.

　　When I said hello to them, most often the response was either nothing at all, or a surprising stare because I had spoken.

　　One woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and retreated quickly to the door. I heard the lock click.

　　Steve complained angrily on the long ride to the dump：“They don't realize we're humans.”

　　I had originally planned to stay at this employment for only two days but now I'm going to continue. I have decided, too, to keep saying hello in people's yards. It doesn't do any harm, and it still feels right. Frankly, I'm doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. Not many people can say that tonight.

　　John Gardner wrote that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers (管子工) is in trouble. “Neither_its_pipes_nor_its_theories_will_hold_water，” he warned. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise, they'll both leave rubbish behind.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名垃圾清理工，他以前对自己的工作不认同，后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。

　　4．How did the woman feel when she heard the author's greeting?

　　A．Doubtful. B．Embarrassed.

　　C．Frightened.

　　D．Pitiful.

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“she gathered her housecoat tightly ... I heard the lock click”可知，那位女士感到害怕，故选C项。

　　5．At the end of the passage, what's the author's attitude to his job?

　　A．He is ashamed of it.

　　B．He is boastful about it.

　　C．He is proud of it.

　　D．He isn't serious about it.

　　解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I'm doing an essential task. I left this country a little cleaner”可推知，作者为自己的工作感到自豪，故选C项。

　　6．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

　　A．Both the facilities and the thoughts of society may go wrong.

　　B．Both the trashmen and the economists should not be respected.

　　C．Both practice and theories are important.

　　D．Both the pipes and the theories make sense.

　　解析：选A　推理判断题。根据画线句前的“a society which ... is in trouble”可推知，画线句主要是说人们对社会价值观的判断会出错，故选A项。

　　7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A．An Experience as a Trashman

　　B．The Trashman

　　C．Economists and Trashmen

　　D．Misunderstanding

　　解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据整篇文章内容可知，作者是一名垃圾清理工，以前他对自己的工作不认同，但后来逐渐以自己的工作为荣。故选B。A项突出的是一次经历，比较片面。

　　C

　　(2016·江西八所重点中学联考)Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level.

　　Visitors may drive to the observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (预订) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest time is weekends. Buses, taxis, and car pools are welcome. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line Station.

　　Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free.

　　Hours of Operation

　　Tuesday－Friday

　　12 noon－10 pm

　　Saturday－Sunday

　　10 am－10 pm

　　Monday

　　Closed

　　Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day　Closed

　　Samuel Oschin Planetarium

　　The Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, half­hour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose.

　　Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each day's show time. Being seated late is not permitted.

　　Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are：

　　Adults (13－59 years old) $7.00

　　Children (5－12 years old)

　　$3.00

　　Seniors (60 years

　　and older)

　　$5.00

　　Students

　　$5.00

　　Children under 5 years old will be admitted only to the first show each day.

　　Hearing assist devices are available on request.

　　Public Telescopes

　　Free public telescopes are available each evening the observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7 pm. All observing must be completed by 9：45 pm.

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国的著名景点格里菲斯天文台的相关信息。

　　8．What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage?

　　A．It is open all the year around.

　　B．It is mostly visited at weekends.

　　C．It becomes famous because of Hollywood.

　　D．It is the most attractive place in Los Angeles.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“and the busiest time is weekends”可知，周末是格里菲斯天文台最繁忙的时间，故选B项。

　　9．Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater?

　　A．Hearing assist devices are provided to seniors.

　　B．The shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes.

　　C．Visitors are required to be seated before the show starts.

　　D．The tickets for the shows can be bought through the website.

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“Being seated late is not permitted.”可知，每场剧开场之前，要提前入场就座，迟到了就不能进剧场了。故C项正确。

　　10．To watch the show, a young couple with a 7­year­old son should pay ________.

　　A．$13.00 B．$15.00

　　C．$17.00

　　D．$20.00

　　解析：选C　数字计算题。根据文章所提供的票价“Adults(13－59 years old) $7.00”“Children(5－12 years old) $3.00”可知，一对年轻夫妇和一个7岁男孩共需要17美元，故选C项。

　　11．Which of the following is charged?

　　A．Parking.

　　B．Telescopes.

　　C．Hearing assist devices.

　　D．Watching presentations.

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章中的“Admission and parking are free.” “Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearing assist devices are available on request.”可知，A、B、C三项都是免费的；根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“The ticket prices for shows are”可知，观看表演要收费，故选D项。

　　D

　　(2016·石家庄高三教学质检二)If your parents were to surprise you with a present on your birthday, which one would you prefer, a trip to the amusement park or a new pair of shoes?

　　According to Science Daily, about one­third of the people are likely to prefer shoes to a fun trip. These people are called “materialists”， namely, those who value material goods more than experiences. But which of the two choices makes people happier?

　　Back in 2009, Ryan Howell, a professor at San Francisco State University, found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions. This is because the joy of receiving a new object fades over time as you get used to seeing it every day. Experiences, on the other hand, can continue to bring you joy in the future through happy memories.

　　But materialists should at least be happy when they first buy something, shouldn't they?

　　To figure it out, Howell did another study. He classified a group of adults according to their personality types, ranging from less materialistic to more materialistic. Each person was asked different questions to see how they felt about spending money on material goods versus spending money on experiences.

　　As expected, the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic, because such purchases didn't fit with their personalities and values. But to Howell's surprise, he found that materialists weren't any happier even if they spent money on material items.

　　This is because materialists worry that others may criticize or look down on their choices. “There are certain value systems that are rejected by society，” said Howell. “When we find out someone is materialistic, we think less of them, and that drives their happiness down.”

　　Another reason is that materialistic people always focus on what they don't have instead of what they have now. This makes them feel less satisfied and grateful.

　　If you happen to be a materialistic person, there's something you can try. “If materialists make more accurate purchases, rather than trying to impress others, they will be happier，” Howell said.

　　You should also remember what an ancient Greek philosopher once said, “Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for.”

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐。

　　12．What did Ryan Howell find in his studies?

　　A．Material goods bring people less happiness than experiences.

　　B．About one­third of the people prefer material goods to experiences.

　　C．Materialists have more fun spending money on goods than on experiences.

　　D．Receiving a new object brings lasting joy while the joy of an experience fades soon.

　　解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“... found that in the long run, experiences make people happier than possessions”可知，经历比物品更能使人感到高兴。根据第六段中的“the more materialistic participants got less happiness from purchases than the less materialistic”可知，比较倾向物质主义的参与者比不太倾向物质主义的参与者从购物中得到的快乐更少。由此可见， Ryan Howell 在他的研究中发现：有形物质比经历给人带来的快乐更少。因此，该题选A。

　　13．What did Ryan Howell want to find out by doing another study?

　　A．How to judge whether a person is a materialist.

　　B．Why materialists are not happy with their purchases.

　　C．How materialists feel when they spend money on goods.

　　D．Whether materialists are happy when they first make purchases.

　　解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段“But materialists should at least be happy ... shouldn't they？”及第五段第一句可知该题选D。

　　14．Why does the author use the ancient Greek philosopher's words in the last paragraph?

　　A．To advise materialistic people not to try to impress others.

　　B．To persuade people to be satisfied with what they have.

　　C．To prove it's unwise to be materialistic and desire too much.

　　D．To tell readers what they desire now might one day become theirs.

　　解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中那位哲学家的话“不要因期望你没有的东西而毁掉了你现在拥有的东西。记住：你现在拥有的东西就在你曾经渴望得到的东西之中”，再结合上文 Ryan Howell 研究得出的结论可知，作者引用这位哲学家的话旨在说服人们要对目前拥有的事物感到知足。因此该题选B。

　　15．What can be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Are You a Materialist?

　　B．How To Acquire Happiness?

　　C．The Best Present for the Birthday

　　D．Which Can Make People Happier?

　　解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者通过引用 Ryan Howell 的研究结果证实经历比有形物质更能给人带来快乐，故D项作文章标题最佳。

　　Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　(2016·河南省普通毕业班适应性练习)It's a proven fact that the way in which we remember things changes as we get older. Just look at the different ways in which kids and adults learn languages.

　　__1__ They learn best by singing songs, mimicking (模仿) others and playing games. They can learn to repeat words after only hearing them a couple of times.

　　Adults prefer to analyse a language and find out how it works before they start speaking. __2__ It also reflects an ingrained (根深蒂固的) learning strategy developed through years of life experience.

　　On the surface, it seems that kids learn faster. They start speaking a new language more quickly and find it easier to remember new vocabulary. __3__

　　Adults are generally able to concentrate for longer periods of time. They aren't distracted by friends wanting to play football or thinking about what they want for Christmas next year.

　　Mature learners also have their own learning strategy. __4__　

　　People have more trouble learning new vocabulary as they get older. However, with the correct training, an adult learner's brain will adapt. __5__

　　So, in summary, by adapting your learning style and playing to your strengths, it's never too late to learn a language!

　　A．Kids like to be active and involved.

　　B．Language learning can prevent memory loss in older people.

　　C．They know what works for them and are able to plan their studies accordingly.

　　D．Motivation is another factor that can be an advantage for older learners.

　　E．This is often influenced by fear of failure.

　　F．To learn a foreign language really opens opportunities both locally and abroad.

　　G．However, adults have certain advantages, too.

　　答案：1～5　AEGCB

　　课时练(三)　第Ⅱ卷强化增分练(练规范)

　　(限时：45分钟)

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　(2016·河南省普通高中毕业班适应性测试)Philip was a junior office assistant in a large company. He was quite ambitious, so he was keen to make a good__1__(impress) on the boss. He often stayed late at the office, to show__2__ committed and hardworking he was. One evening, he was just__3　to go home when he saw his boss__4　(stand) in front of the shredder (碎纸机), holding a document.

　　“Ah, Philip! I'm glad you're still here in the office！”said the boss，“Good__5__(see) all your hard work and professionalism. Now I wonder if you could help me.”

　　“Of course，” replied Philip.“It's no trouble.”

　　“Good man! You see, my secretary has already gone home__6__I haven't got a clue how this thing works. It's so important that I have to get this done before tomorrow. If you__7　(can) do this one more thing before you go home, I'd__8　(real) appreciate it.”

　　“No problem，” said Philip，__9__(happy) to be asked to do such a simple job.

　　He took the document from his boss, turned on the machine, inserted the document and pressed the start button.

　　“That's excellent，” said the boss, as the document vanished into the shredder. “I just need two__10__(copy)．”

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Philip帮不会操作机器的老板把文件放入了碎纸机，而老板却说“给我复印两份”的幽默故事。

　　1．impression　 make a good impression on sb.是固定短语，意为“给某人留下好印象”。

　　2．how　句意：他经常在办公室里待到很晚，以此来显示他是多么地敬业和勤奋。“committed”和“hardworking”是形容词，所以用副词how修饰，表示程度。

　　3．about　固定句型 be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事时突然……”。故填 about。

　　4．standing　动词see后通常接动词原形或现在分词作宾语补足语，此处表示正在发生的动作，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。

　　5．to see　分析句子结构可知，形容词“Good”前省略了it is，所以用动词不定式作真正的主语。

　　6．and　分析句子结构可知，此处用连词and连接两个并列的句子。

　　7．could　根据主句中的谓语动词可知，此处是指与现在事实相反的虚拟，所以if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。故填could。

　　8．really　应用副词修饰动词“appreciate”。real的副词形式为 really。

　　9．happy　根据语境可知，Philip很高兴被要求做这样简单的工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处用形容词happy作状语，表伴随。

　　10．copies　根据数词“two”可知，此处名词应使用复数形式。copy的复数形式为copies。

　　Ⅱ.短文改错

　　(2016·河南省普通高中毕业班适应性测试)This morning, when I was walking on the streets, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked what I could help them. They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, who could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly. Short after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye each other.

　　Seeing them on the bus, we felt a kind of satisfaction.

　　答案：

　　第一句：streets→street; looked→looking

　　第三句：what→how/if/whether

　　第四句：are→were

　　第五句：在nearest前加the; who→which

　　第六句：去掉were

　　第七句：Short→Shortly; goodbye后加to

　　第八句：we→I

　　Ⅲ.书面表达

　　(2016·河南三市第二次联考)春天来了，万物复苏，阳光明媚。假如你是高三(1)班班长李华，请你发一份书面倡议，鼓励大家多进行户外活动，愉悦身心，调整状态，以迎接紧张的学习。

　　注意：1.词数100左右；

　　2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

　　3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Boys and girls，

　　Spring has come._________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　参考范文：

　　Boys and girls，

　　Spring has come. It brings us warm sunshine, green grass, colorful flowers as well as sweet taste of air. It is the very time to refresh us from tiredness. In order to gain the best physical and spiritual state for further study, I propose all of us go outdoors to take part in more activities, such as spring outing, jogging, mountain­climbing, cycling and so on, which can rest our body and mind. With these activities, we can enjoy the country life, away from city noise and dust. We can also feel physical and mental pleasure. Thus we are sure to be more energetic and obtain high learning efficiency. So for the benefit of ourselves, go out and jump in the fresh right now.

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua