2017届高考英语一轮复习《全优课堂》模块知识总复习课件：选修8 unit 1《A land of diversity》（新人教版）

　　句型提炼： It is believed that…　人们认为…… 在该句型中，it 是形式主语，that引导的是真正的主语。类似的句型还有： It's said /known/thought/supposed/reported that… 此类句型也可转化为“从句主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”的形式，即： sb./sth.is said/known/thought/supposed/ reported/believed to do/to have done 【句型剖析】

　　It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. 普遍认为人的性格和态度决定人的行为。(2017重庆) 【举一反三】 It作形式主语的用法： (1)It＋ be＋adj.(obvious, true, natural, good, etc.)＋that从句 (2)It＋ be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句 (3)It＋vi.(seem, happen, turn out, appear, etc.)＋主语从句 【即时巩固】 完成句子 ①普遍认为原始人没有基本的语言技能。 _______ _______ _______ _______ primitives lacked basic language skills. ②难怪你每天都精力充沛。 _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ you are energetic every day.

　　③结果证明我们的计算是错误的。 _______ _______ _______ _______ our calculations were incorrect. 【答案】①It is believed that　②It is no wonder that ③It turned out that

　　2．majority n．大多数；大半 【考点激活】 ①For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority _______(be) over the age of fifty. 例如，如果你看看古典音乐会上的听众，大部分人的年龄都在50岁以上。(2017安徽)

　　(1)a/the majority of…　大多数…… be in the/a majority　构成大部分/大多数 (2)minority　n. 少数 in the minority　占少数 (3)major　n. & v. 主修；专业 major in　主修……；以……为专业 【知识建构】

　　An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为委员会的大多数成员都表示反对。 As far as I know, his brother majored in history at Stanford last year. 据我所知，他的弟弟去年在斯坦福主修历史。

　　【易错点津】 the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；后接不可数名词时，用单数谓语。 【即时巩固】 语法填空 ②The majority of the customs__________ (keep) up till now. ③The majority of the damage __________(be) easy to repair. ④Now the number of students in the class ________(be) 50 and the majority of them ______(be) immigrants. 【答案】①is/are　②have been kept　③is　④is; are

　　3．occur vi.发生；出现 【考点激活】 ①Now __________ occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 现在他突然想到他的农场有很大的潜力，而且奶牛的死亡算是有点幸运。(2015广东) (1)sth.occurs to sb.　某人突然想到某事 It occurs to sb.that…　某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb.to do sth.　某人突然想起做某事 (2)occurrence　n．发生；出现；(偶然)事件 【知识建构】

　　Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use. 和你奇妙的创新一起，你需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。(2017辽宁)

　　【举一反三】 表示“某人突然想到”的常用表达： sth.strikes sb. sth.comes to sb. It strikes /hits sb.that… sb.comes up with an idea/ a thought sb.hits on /strikes on an idea/a thought 【即时巩固】 一句多译 我突然想到我们可以和他们一起工作。 ②It _________ ________ me that we could team up with them. ③It _________ me that we could team up with them. 【答案】①it　 ②occurred to　③ struck/hit

　　4．apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 【考点激活】 ①___________,_she didn't like to be ignored. 很显然，她不喜欢被人忽视。(2017四川) apparent adj. 显然的，显而易见的 It's apparent that…　显然…… It is apparent to sb.that…　某人明白…… As is apparently shown/stated/indicated in the picture/chart /passage above…　如上面图片/图表/文字明显展示/陈述/表明的那样…… 【知识建构】

　　It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。 【举一反三】 下面单词都有“显然地”的意思： obviously，evidently, clearly，其形容词均可适用上述句型，即： It's obvious/clear/evident that…

　　【即时巩固】 完成句子 ②很显然他没有领会这篇文章的写作目的。 ________ _______ _______ ________ he hasn't grasped the writing purpose of the article. ③正如上面图表中明确显示的那样，很多人不遵守交通规则。

　　________ _______ _______ ________ in the diagram above, a good many don't obey traffic rules. 【答案】①Apparently　②It is apparent/obvious/clear/evident that　③As is apparently shown 1．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 【考点激活】 ①We make a living by what we get, but we make_____________ life by what we give. 我们靠所得来谋生，但靠给予来创造生活。 (1)start/make a new life　开始新生活 live/lead a…life　过着……生活 come to life　苏醒；变得活跃 come back to life　苏醒过来；恢复生气 bring…back to life　使……苏醒过来；给……活力 (2)make/earn a/one's living　谋生 【知识建构】

　　All these flowers come to life when the rains come. 下雨之后，所有花儿都恢复了生机． The doctor was able to bring her back to life. 医生挽救了她的生命。

　　【即时巩固】 完成句子 ②We settled in and____________________ (习惯新的生活方式) for ourselves. ③The majority of the people here _________________(谋生) by growing wheat nowadays.

　　④Apparently，they ______________ (现在过着幸福的生活)． 【答案】① a　②made a life　③make/earn a living ④are leading/living a happy life now 2．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 【考点激活】 赏句猜义 ①Don't be taken_in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.(　) ②I found it hard to take_in what the teacher had said in class.(　) ③I managed to rent a big enough house to take_in a handful of people.(　)

　　④Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.(　) take down　拿下；取下；拆卸；记下 take up　开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 take off　脱下(衣服等)；起飞；突然大受欢迎

　　take apart　拆开 take it easy　别紧张；慢慢来 take one's time　不急；慢慢干

　　take over　继承；接收；接管 take on　承担；从事；呈现 【知识建构】

　　The new magazine has really taken off. 这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。 When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him. 格林先生退休后，由他的儿子接管他的生意。 【即时巩固】 用take短语的适当形式填空 ⑤He is said to_________________ playing football at the age of 7. ⑥He isn't reliable.Don't ____________________ by his promises. ⑦There is no need for you ________________ everything the teacher says in class.

　　⑧Don't ________________ more responsibilities than you can handle. 【答案】①欺骗　②理解　③收留　④吸收 ⑤have taken up　⑥be taken in　⑦to take down ⑧take on 1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

　　然而， 美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。 句型提炼： It is likely that…　有可能…… 在该句型中，it 是形式主语，that是真正的主语。类似的句型还有： It is possible that…　有可能…… It is probable that…　有可能…… 【句型剖析】

　　According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author discussed his decision with his family. 根据第二段可知，很可能作者和他的家人讨论过他的决定。(2017广东) 【易错点津】 在“sb.is likely to do…”这一句型中，不能用possible或 probable代替 likely。 Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. 然而， 65岁或者年龄更大的成年人更可能低估了对未来生活的满意度。 【即时巩固】 句型转换 这家电脑公司有可能雇佣约翰。 It's likely that the computer firm will hire John. ＝John ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ by the computer firm. 【答案】is likely to be hired 2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.　

　　人们认为， 要不了多久， 多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在明显的主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。 Unit 1　A land of diversity 话题·历史文化 (2015课标I) 假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下： 1．栏目介绍； 2．稿件内容； 3．稿件长度：约400词； 4．交稿日期：6月28日前。 【晨背范文】 Dear Peter， I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper. The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.You can write anything relevant so long as it's interesting and informative.400 words would be fine.Could we have your article before June 28?

　　I'm looking forward to hearing from you. Yours， Li Hua ★话题词汇 1．custom　n．习惯；习俗；风俗 2．convention　n．惯例；习俗 3．traditional　adj.传统的；风俗的 4．attend a ceremony　出席仪式 5．in memory of　为了纪念 6．make it a rule to do sth.　使做某事成为规定

　　★话题佳句 1．The Mid­Autumn Day is a traditional festival of China, which is actually a day for family reunion. 中秋节是中国传统的节日，实际上是家人团聚的日子。

　　2．Under no circumstance should we give up our beliefs. 无论在什么情况下，我们都不应放弃自己的信仰。 3．At midnight, we make it a rule to welcome the new year by setting off fireworks. 在午夜，我们通常放鞭炮来迎接新年。 Ⅰ.单词速忆 1．_________ vt.意思是；打算；意味着n.手段； 方法 2．_________ vt.&n.租用； 雇用 3．________ vt.& n．抓住； 抓紧； 掌握； 领会 4．_________vi.滑动； 滑行； 滑跤 n．滑动； 滑倒 mean

　　hire

　　grasp

　　slip

　　5．_________ vt.&vi.改革； 革新n.改革； 改造； 改良 6．_________ vi.处于经济迅速发展时期n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣 7．_________ n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道 8．_________ n．行李 9．_________ n．海关； 关税； 进口税 10．_________ n．苦难；困苦 reform

　　boom

　　crossing

　　luggage

　　customs

　　hardship 11．_________n．角；角度 12．_________vi.发生；出现→_________ (过去式) →_________ (过去分词) 13．_________vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→_________ n．选举 14．_________ vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→_________n．迹象

　　15．_________ adj.感激的；感谢的→_________v．感谢 angle

　　occur

　　occurred

　　occurred

　　elect

　　election indicate

　　indication

　　thankful

　　thank

　　16．______________n．处罚；惩罚→_________ v．处罚；惩罚 17．_________ n．申请人→_________vi.申请→_____________ n．申请书 18．_________ n．大多数；大半→_________n．少数 19．___________n．百分比；百分率→_________ n．百分之几 punishment punish applicant apply application majority minority percentage percent

　　20．_________adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→___________ adv.显然地；显而易见地 21．_________adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→_________n．差别；区分；卓著 22．_________ adj.人种的；种族的→_________ n．种族；比赛 apparent

　　apparently

　　distinct

　　distinction

　　racial

　　race

　　Ⅱ.短语快译

　　1．___________坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 2．__________ 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 3．______________ 继续存在；继续生存 4．__________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 5．____________ 与……合作或一起工作 keep up

　　take in

　　live on

　　make a life

　　team up with

　　6．___________ 画线；标出……界线 7．___________ 申请；请示得到 8．__________________ 用……办法；借助…… 9．__________________ 许多；很多 10．__________________ 背靠背 mark out

　　apply for

　　by means of…

　　a great/good many

　　back to back

　　Ⅲ.句式仿写 1．However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(It is likely that…很可能……) 仿写：很可能这个申请人将与你一起在公司工作。 ______________________ the applicant will team up with you in the firm. 2．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(That's why…“那就是……的原因”) 仿写：大部分市民都反对这项改革，那就是政府做出让步的原因。 The majority of the citizens object to the reform.____________________ the government gives in.

　　3．People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.(过去分词作原因状语) 仿写：我对这个职位很感兴趣，于是上个月向公司申请得到它。 Much___________________ the position, I applied to the company for it last month. 4．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(It作形式主语的主语从句) 仿写：人们相信沿袭风俗和传统对一个国家的文化很重要。 _________ keeping up customs and traditions is of great significance to a country's culture.

　　【答案】1.It's likely that　2.That is why　3.interested in 4．It's believed that Ⅳ.单元语法 名词性从句 用适当的关系词填空 1．A computer can only do __________you have instructed it to do. 2．It is known __________ Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 3．The majority of the students are bored with his lessons and that is __________ he is upset. 4．I hate it__________ people talk with their mouths full. 5．__________ I want to know is why his nephew quarreled with the conductor. 【答案】1.whatever　2.that　3.why　4.that　5.What Ⅴ.教材活用 根据课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 California is the third 1.__________ (large) state and the most multicultural state in the US.This is not 2.__________(surprise) when you know the history of California 3.__________ has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.No one really 4.__________(know) what time the first settlers arrived in 5.__________we now know as California. Scientists believe that the Native Americans reached Alaska 6.__________ means of a land bridge.In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men.In 1848, gold 7.__________(discover) in California and the dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact, few achieved their dream, but most 8.__________ (remain) in California to make a life for themselves. In more recent decades, California 9.________ (become) home to people from Asia.It is believed that before long the mix of 10.__________(nation) will be so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups.

　　【答案】1.largest　2.surprising　3.which　4.knows

　　5．what　6.by　7.was discovered　8.remained

　　9．has become　10.nationalities 1．means n．手段；方法 【考点激活】 ①This ________ that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. 这意味着当他们不知道一个单词的时候，他们将要在大家面前犯错误。(2015浙江)

　　(1)by no means　决不；一点也不 by all means　尽一切办法；一定 by means of　用；依靠；借助于 by this means　用这种方法 a means of communication　一种通讯/交流工具 (2)mean　v. 意思是；打算 mean to do sth.　打算做某事 mean doing sth.　意味着做某事 【知识建构】

　　As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. 作为群居动物，狼成群狩猎，并把嚎叫作为一种彼此交流的重要工具。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy. 我本来打算帮助你的，但是我太忙了。

　　【易错点津】 means 单复数同行。若用作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据句意来确定。前有every，each, one等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several, some, many, a few, all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。

　　【即时巩固】 语法填空 ②All possible means_____________(try) so far. ③Every possible means _____________(try) so far.

　　用mean短语的适当形式填空 ④The water may be carried _____________ a pipe. ⑤_____________ will I live on in this way. 【答案】①means　②have been tried ③has been tried　④by means of　⑤By no means