2017届高考英语一轮复习北师大版课件：选修七 专题讲座

　　阅读理解之推理判断题

　　在阅读中，如果文章作者运用的语言比较直率，表达比较直截了当，那么即便我们仅仅理解其字面意思，也不会影响我们的理解。然而，大多数情况下，我们所读的文章比较含蓄，作者经常把需要我们理解的意思不直接表达出来，而期待我们去领悟文章的内在含义。这种情况下，如果我们只理解语言的字面意思，就会妨碍我们对文章真正内涵的理解。我们只有通过作者所提供的信息，进行推理、作出结论，才能达到真正理解文章的目的。在推理时，我们必须： 1．理解文章的字面意义； 2．注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄意义； 3．时刻提醒自己，作者想让我们推断什么； 4．利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在 文章中的隐含意义。 推理判断题的命题方式一般有： We can infer from the passage that ________. The story suggests that ________. The writer of this passage intends to ________. The writer's purpose of writing the passage is to ________. The passage is probably taken from ________. The writer of the passage considers it ________. Which of the following best describes the character of something?

　　推理判断是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。关键是要对文章已给的信息进行合理的分析判断，做到“有理有据”。考生应主要注意以下几点： 1．要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示 和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。 2．要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅 入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断，进行符合逻辑地推理。 3．要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立 足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 4．要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。

　　(2011·福建高考，A篇)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant (抑制药), damaging eyesight, judgement and

　　co­ordination (协调), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.

　　Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

　　The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is:

　　●50 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of blood; or ●22 micrograms of alcohol per 100 ml of breath; or ●67 milligrams of alcohol per 100 ml of urine (尿液)．

　　Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.

　　Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $ 25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 driving­offence points; or temporarily banned from driving.

　　The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens (样本) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.

　　Drink driving is a criminal offence.Be a responsible driver, think before you drink.For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol. 语篇解读：酒后驾车是一种危险的行为，会对他人、对自己造成巨大的威胁，所以酒后驾车会受到处罚。因此司机应该对自己、对他人负责，切勿酒后驾车。 56．The first paragraph is mainly about______. A．the introduction of driving skills B．the damage of drinking to your body C．the effect of drinking on driving D．the process of alcohol being absorbed 提示：主旨大意题。利用要诀6演绎推理法和归纳推理法。 解析：第一段主要介绍了喝酒对于司机开车方面的影响：视力，判断力和协调能力下降；反应时间变慢；增加了发生事故的风险。故选C项。 答案： C 57．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph

　　refers to “______”． A．alcohol　B．absorption C．blood

　　D．process 提示：词义猜测题。利用要诀8上下文暗示法。 解析：it通常指上文提到的名词或事情，上文主要讲述“除掉身体里的酒精是一个非常缓慢的过程”，由此推出本句的it指代前面的process。 答案：D 58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the

　　passage?

　　() A．Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect

　　on driving. B．Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk

　　with

　　fruit juice. C．Having a cup of tea helps to

　　get rid of alcohol from

　　the body. D．50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below

　　the drink driving limit. 提示：细节理解题。利用要诀2题干定位法。 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，即使酒精含量低于酒后驾车的限制，开车也会受到影响，由此排除A项；由第二段最后一句可知，像洗澡或喝茶或咖啡等措施都不能使这个过程加快，由此排除C项；由第三段第一句可以排除D项；由第二段第二句可知，酒与果汁混到一起喝时身体对酒精的吸收会加快。故选B项。 答案：B 59．A driver suspected of drink driving ______. A．should provide specimens for testing B．will be forbidden to drive for 3 years C．will be punished

　　for 10 driving­offence points D．should pay a maximum fine of HK $ 25,000 提示：推理判断题。利用要诀4背景常识法。 解析：根据生活常识，被怀疑酒后驾驶的司机要提供样本检测。由倒数第二段可知，不提供样本检测的司机也要受到同样的惩罚。由此可推出，被怀疑喝酒的司机应该提供样本供检测。B项、C项和D项叙述的对司机的处罚措施，必须在确定司机喝酒之后才能实施。故选A项。 答案：A * *