浙江省湖州市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（9）含答案

　　浙江省湖州市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（9）含答案

　　阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A

　　Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children．In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream．They both wanted to pursue their talent for art．After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement. They would toss a coin．The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy．Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy．

　　Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg．Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）．By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works．

　　When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrecht’s triumphant（胜利的）homecoming．Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream．“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn．Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you．”

　　Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, “No．．．no．．．It is too late for me．Look．．．look at what four years in the mines have done to my handsThe bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis（关节炎）so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush．”

　　To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brother’s injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward．He called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”．The next time you see a copy of that touching creation, let it be your reminder—no one ever makes any success alone

　　1. Why did the two brothers work out the agreement?

　　A. They were so curious as to make a joke．

　　B. Their family couldn’t afford the academy．

　　C. One of the brothers was supposed to go into mines．

　　D. They wanted to support the other sisters and brothers．

　　. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Albrecht Durer？

　　A. He began to earn his living after graduation． B. He did perfectly well at the academy．

　　C. He wanted his brother to go to the academy． D. He created great masterpieces．

　　. What can we learn from the story?

　　A. One can achieve success simply on his own．

　　B. Any success requires the help of others．

　　C. It’s other people who contribute to one’s success.

　　D. Nobody could succeed without good guidance．BAB

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　　In the early days of the United States，children were not required by law to attend school.School calendars depended on local needs.

　　Students in rural areas went to school for no more than six months of the year—half in the summer，half in the winter.They worked on family farms during the other months.

　　City schools were often open much longer，some for eleven months of the year.Parents were happy to have a place for their children to go while they worked.

　　National leaders took a fresh look at schools after the Civil War in the 1860s.They saw a free public education as a way to help support a strong democracy(民主政治) and prepare workers for new industries.Immigration was increasing and so was the student population.

　　More and more people saw the need for a system of required education.But they had different ideas for the calendar.

　　Many city schools wanted a shorter year and a longer summer break.The schools were often crowded.There was no modern air conditioning，and air pollution from factories was a problem.Hot days would make it difficult to learn.A long summer break would also give teachers time for other jobs to add to their low pay.

　　Many rural educators，however，pushed for a longer school year.They thought it would keep children safe from industrial dangers at a time when there were few child­labor laws.They also thought it would lead to a better prepared workforce.

　　So the traditional school calendar was a compromise，with roots that now go back about a century and a half.The average school year used to be 170 days.Times have not changed much.Today the common average is 180 days.

　　But some experts think the traditional school calendar needs to change because the needs of the nation have changed.This thinking has led some schools to keep students in class longer.

　　1．Why were city schools often open much longer than the schools in rural areas in the early days?

　　A．Because children in rural areas were not required by law to attend school.

　　B．Because children in city schools often had more subjects to study.

　　C．Because parents in cities preferred their children to stay at schools while they worked.

　　D．Because hot days would make it difficult to learn in rural schools.

　　2．The underlined phrase “pushed for” in the seventh paragraph probably means

　　A．struggled forB．went against

　　C．agreed onD．called off

　　3．From the last paragraph we can infer that

　　A．experts have reached an agreement on the traditional school calendar

　　B．some rural schools have already kept students in class longer

　　C．national leaders of the United States will change the traditional school calendar

　　D．with the needs of the nation changing，the school year will get longer

　　4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A．The system of required education was carried out after the 1860s.

　　B．Short school year would give teachers time for other jobs to earn more money.

　　C．Long school year would also protect children from industrial dangers at the time.

　　D．Today the common average school year has changed much than before.

　　1．As we got there，the family was in front of us，with one person in between. (完形填空第二段)

　　当我们到那儿(收款处)时，那家人已经在我们前面了，中间只隔了一个人。

　　(1)The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.

　　老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。

　　(2)He lay on the grass，with his eyes fixed on the sky.

　　他躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。

　　2．I have given selflessly before，and there is not a better feeling in the whole world! (完形填空最后一段)

　　我曾经无私地付出过，世界上没有比这更好的感觉了！

　　(1)Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a better one before.

　　你的故事很精彩，我以前从没听过比这更好的故事了。

　　(2)—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

　　——晚会上玩得高兴吗？

　　—Yes，I’ve never been to a more exciting one before.

　　——是的，我以前从来没有参加过这么令人激动的晚会。

　　3．Immigration was increasing and so was the student population.(阅读理解第四段)

　　移民数量在增加，学生数量也在增加。

　　(1)You have helped her，and so has she.

　　你帮助过她，她也帮助过你。

　　(2) She respected me and so did I.

　　她尊重我，我也尊重她。

　　4．Hot days would make it difficult to learn. (阅读理解第六段)

　　炎热的天气使得学习很难进行。

　　(1)I find it quite necessary to make some changes.

　　我认为作出一些改变是非常必要的。

　　(2)I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand.Ⅱ. 1．C　2．A　3．D　4．DB

　　In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”（control） — feeling important and worthwhile — and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”— finding life enjoyable — are not always the same．Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children — what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

　　Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects．One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression．Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity．Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism．It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life．The two are independent of each other．A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）．For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

　　The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes．In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being．But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important．And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work．In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.

　　A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on various roles．At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles — marriages, motherhood, and employment — were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain（极度紧张）.

　　. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”

　　B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”

　　C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time

　　D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women

　　5. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.

　　A. Negative

　　B．positive

　　C. indifferent D． realistic

　　6 . One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ___________________.

　　A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

　　B. she will be more successful in her career

　　C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater

　　D. her life will be richer and more meaningful

　　7 Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?

　　A. Family life

　　B. Various roles in society

　　C. Regular employment

　　D. Freedom from anxiety

　　参考答案-----DB

　　DA

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　　C

　　Some people who like to eat very hot chili(辣椒)peppers say that they can help you breathe better if you have a cold. Others believe that chilies give you added energy. People have been growing chilies for centuries, and there are many kinds.

　　Want to fire up your meals with homegrown chilies? They need a warm climate. If you plant the seeds outside when the weather is cool, place the seeds under a glass. That will add warmth from the sun and protect them from wind. You can also start the seeds in your home or a greenhouse.

　　If you plant inside, fill a 7.5-centimeter pot with soil. The pot should have holes in the bottom so water can run out. Tap the sides of the pot to settle the soil．Drop several seeds over the surface of the pot and cover it with a thin layer of vermiculite(蛭石), a substance that can hold air, water and nutrients. Then cover the top of the pot with a see-through plastic bag. Place the pot in a warm area.

　　When the chilies start growing, take off the bag. When the plants have reached about two centimeters high，place each one carefully in its own 7.5-centimeter pot.

　　When the roots show through the holes in the bottom of the pot, transplant each seeding into a twelve-centimeter pot. When the plants are twenty centimeters high, tie the plants to a stick placed in the pot to support them.

　　When the chili peppers are thirty centimeters high, pinch the tops off with your finger. That should make new branches grow. When the first flowers show, give the plants some potash fertilizers (化肥). When the weather is warm, put them into five-liter pots and place them outside. Make sure they get a good amount of light and water.

　　8. The most important condition that chili seeds need in cool weather is

　　A．enough heat

　　B. enough sunshine

　　C．enough water

　　D. no wind

　　. The underlined word “pinch” in the last paragraph probably means

　　A．cut

　　B．give

　　C．1eave

　　D．bring

　　According to this passage，how many times are chili plants moved altogether?

　　A．Once

　　B．Twice

　　C．Three times

　　D．Four times

　　. From the passage we can infer that

　　A．people who like eating chilies are energetic

　　B．the pot has holes in the bottom to let the air in

　　C．whenever the plants blossom, give them some fertilizers

　　D．it is not easy to eat homegrown chilies of your own

　　参考答案-------AAC

　　　DD

　　Drunken driving——sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder——has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers， adding up to an incredible 250，000 over the past decade.

　　A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers， glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts， but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies， especially involving young children， that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.

　　Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21， reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18， the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled， so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformershowever, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.

　　Though new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and， in many areas already， to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who “obviously intoxicated” and later drove off the road， killing a nine-year-old boy.

　　As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state， some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919， what President Hoover called the “ noble experiment.” They forgot that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking， but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally， there is no easy solution.

　　. Drunken driving had become a major problem in America because ___.

　　A. most Americans are heavy drinkers.

　　B. Americans are now less shocked by road accidents.

　　C. accidents attract so much publicity.

　　D. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America.

　　13.Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed？

　　A. Because detailed statistics are now available.B. Because the news media have highlighted the problem.

　　C. Because judges are giving more severe sentences.

　　D. Because drivers are more conscious of their image.

　　. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that ___.

　　A. many drivers were not of legal age.

　　B. young drivers were often bad drivers.

　　C. the level of drinking increased in the 1960s.

　　D. the legal drinking age should be raised.

　　15. Laws recently introduced in some states have ___________.

　　A. reduced the number of convictions.

　　B. resulted in fewer serious accidents.

　　C. prevented bars from serving drunken customers.

　　D. specified the amount drivers can drink.

　　16.Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve？

　　A. Because alcohol is easily obtained. 　B. Because drinking is linked to organized crime.

　　　C. Because legal prohibition has already failed.

　　D. Because legislation alone is not sufficient.

　　参考答案------DBDB

　　：DE

　　British potato farmers were angry and wanted the expression “couch potato” to be taken out of the dictionary because it harmed the vegetable’s image.

　　The British Potato Council wants the Oxford English Dictionary to replace the expression with the term “couch slouch”, with protests being outside Parliament in London and the offices of Oxford University Press.

　　Kathryn Race, head of marketing at the Council, which represents some 4,000 planters and processors, said the group had complained in writing to the OED but had yet to receive a response.

　　“We are trying to get rid of the image that potatoes are bad for you,” she said on Monday.

　　“The potato has had its knocks in the past. Of course it is not the Oxford English Dictionary’s fault but we want to use another term instead of “couch potato” because potatoes are naturally healthy.”

　　The OED says that “couch potato” began as American slang, meaning “a person who spends his or her leisure time sitting around, especially watching television or video tapes.”

　　The Potato Council says its campaign is backed by dieticians (饮食学家) who say the vegetable is low in fat and high in vitamin C.

　　Supporting the campaign, famous cook Antony Worrall Thompson said the vegetable was one of Britain’s favorite foods.

　　Not only are they healthy, they are also convenient and yummy (美味). Life without potato is like a sandwich without a filling,” he said.

　　John Simpson, chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, said the dictionary first included the term “couch potato” in 1993 and said “dictionaries just reflect the words that society uses.”

　　Simpson said words were never taken out of the full-length dictionary, which includes some 650,000 words in 20 volumes.

　　But little-used words can be removed from the smaller dictionaries to make way for newer ones.

　　“If society stops using words then they get taken out of the smaller dictionaries,” he added.

　　The first known recorded use of the expression “couch potato” was in an article in Los Angeles Times, in 1979, Simpson said.

　　Nigel Evans, a member of Parliament for the Ribble Valley in Lancashire, has made a motion in support of the campaign, highlighting the nutritional value of the British potato.

　　17．British potato farmers wanted to _________.

　　A．advertise their produces

　　B．call for a higher price for their potatoes

　　C．remove the expression “couch potato” from the dictionary

　　D．let people know how important the potato is in people’s lives

　　．The farmers think that _________.

　　A．potatoes have had a bad image B．potatoes are good for people by nature

　　C．potatoes sometimes do harm to people

　　D．it’s the dictionary’s fault to use the expression “couch potato”

　　．John Simpson thinks that _________.

　　A．the expression can be taken out of every kind of dictionary

　　B．dictionaries do not necessarily reflect the words the society uses

　　C．little-used words can remain in the smaller dictionaries

　　D．it is impossible for them to take the expression out of the dictionary

　　20．What is wrong with the expression “couch potato” according to the farmers in this passage?

　　A．It is connected with unfavorable meaning.

　　B．Potato should be used in the expression.

　　C．It is borrowed from American English.

　　D．It refers to a kind of person.

　　CBDA

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