【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练八 动词和动词词组

　　a notice saying “Keep Out” 写有“禁止入内”的告示 The clock says three o’clock.这个钟3点了。 The law says(that)this is quite legitimate. 从法律上说,这是合法的。 The guidebook says to turn left.旅游指南上说向左转。 (4)习惯表达方面的区别 ①表示“演说、演讲、发言”等,一般用 speak。如: Who is going to speak at the meeting?谁将在会上发言? ②在某些搭配中。如: tell a lie说谎 tell a story讲故事 10.demand,require

　　(1)两者都可表示“要求”,有时可换用。如: They demand/require my appearance.他们要求我到场。 两者的区别在于:demand 通常指坚持其应该有或必要的东西,暗示要求者 有权这样做,常有命令之意;require 通常指按照法律、规章、规定、惯例、 环境等提出要求,其客观性较强。 比较:The policeman demanded his name and address. 警察要他说出他的名字和地址。 We require warm clothing for the winter. 我们需要过冬的暖和的衣服。 用于事物时,两者都表示“需要”,有时可换用,其区别仍然是require 的客 观性较强。如: The letter demands/requires an immediate answer. 这封信要求立即答复。 The court requires the attendance of witnesses. 法庭要求证人出庭。 (2)表示“要求”时,两者在结构上的差异: ①两者后都可接 that 从句,但从句谓语通常用“should+动词原形”这样的 虚拟语气形式。如: He demands/requires that we(should)leave at once. 他要求我们马上离开。 ②demand 后可接不定式(但不接动名词),但 require 后既不接不定式也不接 动名词。如: She demanded to see the manager.她要求见经理。 He demanded to be told everything. 他要求把一切都告诉他。 注意:require 表示“需要”时,其后可接动名词(用主动形式表被动)或不定 式(用被动形式表被动)。如: The machine requires repairing/to be repaired. 这台机器需要修理了。 ③demand 不接复合宾语,但 require 后可接不定式的复合结构。如: They required him to keep it a secret. 他们要求他对这件事保密。 All the members are required to attend the meeting. 全部会员均被要求出席会议。 注意:demand 后不接复合宾语,但 demand of 后可接复合宾语。如: They demanded of her to go with them. 他们要求她同他们一起去。 ④表示“向某人要求某物”,可用 demand sth.of/from sb.。如: He demanded too high a price of me.他向我要价太高。 He demanded an apology from the boss.他要求老板道歉。 require 有时也这样用,但更多是其被动语态后接 of sb.。如: What do you require of me?你要求我做什么? I have done everything that was required of me. 一切要我做的事情我都已经做好了。 11.fit,suit,match (1)fit和suit都可表示“适合”或“合适”。fit主要是指尺寸、大小、形状 等方面的适合,而suit 则主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。如: The key doesn’t fit the lock.这把钥匙打不开这把锁。 This dress doesn’t fit me.Have you got a larger size? 这条连衣裙不合我的身,你有大一点尺寸的吗? This dress doesn’t suit me.Have you got another style? 这条连衣裙不适合我穿。你还有其他的款式吗? (2)suit还可以用来谈论某种安排和情况是否方便。如: Tuesday would suit me very well for a meeting. 星期二开会对我来说很合适。 (3)match主要表示“与……相配或相称,使……相配,使……相称”。如: Her clothes do not match her age. 她的衣服与她的年龄不配。 The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie. 衬衫的颜色与领带的颜色不相配。

　　I’m trying to match this yellow wool;do you have anything like it? 我正在找能配上这种黄毛线的线,你有差不多的吗?

　　(4)match有时还可用作不及物动词,表示“相配”“相称”。如: The curtains and the paint don’t match. 窗帘和油漆颜色不协调。 (5)注意以下几个搭配: 12.dress,wear,put on,have on 这几个词都可表示“穿”,区别如下: (1)表动作的词为put on,dress,但搭配不同,put on+衣服,而dress+sb.+in+衣 服。 She dressed the baby.她给婴儿穿衣服。 Put on your coat when you go out.出去时穿上外套。 She is dressing herself.她在穿衣服。

　　(2)表状态的动词为have on,wear,be dressed in。have on几乎等于wear,但 have on作“穿着”讲时,不能用其现在分词形式,也不能用于被动语态。此 外,wear除表示穿衣外,还表示戴表(花、纪念章等)以及留头发或胡须等,有 时have on也这样用。 She was wearing her mother’s coat. 她穿她母亲的大衣。(不能用having on) She has a red jacket on.她穿着一件红色的短上衣。 She was dressed in red.她穿着红色衣服。 The girl was poorly dressed.这个女孩衣着寒酸。 He was dressed as a woman.他男扮女装。 He seldom wears a watch.他很少戴手表。 He wears his hair long.他留着长发。 They all had dark glasses on.他们都戴着墨镜。 13.draw,pull,drag

　　三者都可表示“拉”,区别如下: (1)如果表示将某物拖动了位置,用 draw 或 pull 均可。如: The horse was drawing/pulling a cart.马拉着一辆运货车。 He drew/pulled her out of bed. 他把她从床上拉了起来。 (2)如果没有位置变化,通常用 pull。如: He pulled the door open.他拉开了门。 He pulled her hair.他拽着她的头发。 (3)draw表示很轻松地拉出,pull比draw费劲,而drag 侧重指用力拖或拉。如: I drew my chair up to the table.我把椅子拉近桌子。 They had to drag heavy loads. 他们不得不拖很重的东西。 14.divide,separate

　　两者均可表示“分开”:divide通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词 into;separate通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,其后常接介词from。如: The world is divided into seven continents. 世界被分成七大洲。     Divide the money among the six of you. 这笔钱你们六个人分。     The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居。 The two parts of the pipe have separated at the joint. 这个管子从接口处分成两截了。 15.cure,treat

　　(1)用作动词时,两者都可表示“治疗”,但含义有区别:cure 通常强调结果, 指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病;treat则通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和 治疗,但不含治好的意思。比较: A few days’ rest will cure you.休息几天你的病就好了。 The dentist is treating my teeth.牙医在给我看牙。 (2)注意以下两句 cure 和 treat 所搭配的介词不同: The doctors cured her of cancer.医生治好了她的癌症。 Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病? 有时用于引申义。如: Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。 (3)cure 表示“治疗”,可用作名词。若表示“对……的治疗”或“治疗… …的方法”,一般用介词 for。如: Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今癌症有有效的治疗方法吗? Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold. 科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。     16.appreciate,thank 两者均可表示“感激”,但有区别:appreciate的宾语是事或事物,而thank的宾语必须是人。 37.see to (1)I’ve got a lot of things to see to.处理 Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting?负责 If I see to getting the car out,will you see to closing the windows? Will you see to that customer,please?照顾 (2)Please see to it that the lights are turned off.(=make sure/ensure that)确保 38.send (1)We’ve just sent her to sleep.使进入梦乡

　　(2)My sister sends you greetings and asks when you will be in London.致,送

　　That noise will send me mad.(跟复合结构)使变得

　　The explosion sent things flying in all directions.(跟带分词的复合结构)使得 ……

　　(3)They have sent up several spaceships this year.发射 (4)send for a taxi/an ambulance/a doctor找计程车/叫救护车/请医生来 39.set (1)We set about clearing(set out to clear) up the mess.开始做或处理,着手 (2)You’d better set aside some money for special use.(为了某种目的)留出, 拨出,节省 Set aside my wishes in this matter.对……不予考虑 (3)We will set off(out)for Africa tomorrow.动身,出发 (4)Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.引爆

　　(5)Let’s set up the tent first and build the fire later.竖起来,立起来,支起来

　　He set up a new record.创造

　　(6)The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.以… …为背景,故事发生在 40.show (1)He told the BBC that he wanted 17 hours of nonstop TV time so that both concerts could be shown on television.播出,展出,放映

　　Tickets,please.Show your tickets.把……拿给人看

　　(2)Come along.I’ll show you to your room myself.带某人到某处

　　(3)My cousin is visiting us next week,and I have promised to show him around New York.领某人到处看看

　　(4)Most small children show off in front of visitors.炫耀 41.stand (1)The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.代表

　　(2)I can’t stand the hot weather.忍受 (3)You should learn to stand on your own two feet.依靠自己,自主

　　(4)stand out显得突出,显眼,引人注目;stand by袖手旁观,支持,站在……一边 42.strike (1)On Friday 16th October,1987,a hurricane struck the southeast of England. 侵袭

　　The boy struck the man with a stick.打 A stone struck me on the head.打中,击中

　　I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.擦燃(火柴) An idea suddenly struck me.(某种想法)忽然出现,忽然想起

　　I left immediately the clock struck twelve.(钟)敲响 (2)He was struck by her beauty.给人深刻印象

　　(3)They are striking for higher pay.(=They are on strike for higher pay.)罢工 43.turn (1)He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help.拒绝接受 (2)The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark.上床睡觉 The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year.上交

　　(3)The examination turned out(to be) easy.结果是,最后情况是

　　(4)Bob turns over most of the money he earns to his mother.移交,交给 Please turn over this page.翻过 The car struck the wall and turned over.撞翻,翻倒

　　He turned over in bed.翻身,翻转

　　(5)The missing boy turned up.出现

　　(6)Turn to the dictionary if you can’t spell the word.查(字典) If you have some questions,you can turn to your teachers for help.求助于 (7)Mozart’s music always turns me on.使感兴趣

　　(8)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.转身不看 Because the hall was full,many people were turned away.撵走 (9)turn a blind eye to/on视而不见;turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻;turn about向后 转;turn against反对,背叛;turn back返回,折回,使往回走;by turns轮流;in turn 一个挨一个地,反过来;take turns轮流(做某事) 44.take

　　(1)The assistant did not take her seriously and advised her to buy two bottles of very expensive wine.认真对待

　　(2)He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise.突然袭击

　　(3)I won’t take up much of your time.占去(时间) The table takes up too much room.占去,占据(空间) When he left school he took up journalism.从事某项活动,发展某种爱好

　　The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday.继续讲述 (4)People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs,but they should nev- er take up arms to fight.拿起武器

　　(5)When you return to the office the following morning or after the holiday, you can listen to the messages and take any necessary action.采取行动

　　(6)Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.利用 (7)I take back what I said.收回 (8)Take it easy.The roads are icy.不要着急 (9)He is taking over my job while I am on holiday.接替,接管 (10)He seemed to take great pride in his work.对……感到骄傲 (11)She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me.费力,不怕麻烦 (12)I’ll take on the work,but I can’t tell you exactly when I’ll finish it.从 事 The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation.呈现 Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants?雇用 45.work out We must work out a plan as quickly as we can.制定,拟定,定出

　　Have you worked out this problem yet?算出,估计出

　　I can’t work out the meaning of the poem.理解,弄懂,看出

　　This map is wrong;I can’t work out where we are.判断,说出,看出

　　Things will work out if you will just be patient.得到圆满解决,(进行)情况良 好 If the traffic plan works out,it will be used in other cities too.进展情况良好

　　Things have worked out badly.(情况等)发展,进行 易混点总结　常用动词辨析 1.advise,persuade,suggest (1)advise作“建议、劝告”讲,是否“劝成”了,未必知道。其后常接:①名 词或代词;②动名词;③不定式复合结构;④that从句(从句谓语动词常用虚拟 语气)。如: We advised an early start.我们建议早点出发。 I advise his starting at once.我建议他马上开始。 He often advised people to use their brains. 他常常劝人们多用脑子。 I advised that he(should)buy the book.我建议他买这本书。 注意:advice是名词,与动词advise只有一个字母之差,不可混淆。advice为不 可数名词,不可说an advice,应说a piece of advice。 (2)persuade作“劝服”讲,强调劝说“成功”。常用于下列句型:persuade sb.to do sth.和persuade sb.into doing sth.。如: They persuaded her to take the TOEFL(托福)exam. 他们说服了她参加托福考试。 How can I persuade him into accepting the invitation? 我怎么能说服他接受这个邀请呢? I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema but he didn’t listen to me.我试 图说服他不要去看电影但是他不听我劝告。(此句不可用persuaded代替 tried to persuade,因为并未“成功”,只是试图说服。) Though the doctor advised his patient to give up smoking,yet he wasn’t able to persuade him to do so. 虽然医生建议病人戒烟,但是,他没有能够说服他这样做。 (3)suggest是及物动词,常作“提议、建议”讲。后接:①名词;②动名词;③ 疑问词+不定式短语;④从句,接从句要用虚拟语气,但不能接不定式和复合 宾语。如: Did he suggest anything to the boss? 他向老板提出建议了吗? I suggested going home. 我建议回家。 They have suggested (to me)that I(should) study medicine. 他们建议我学医。 He didn’t suggest what to do. 他没说出怎么办。 注意:suggest后绝不能跟复合宾语。如:不可以说:He suggested her to take the money.应说成:He suggested that she should take the money. 2.announce,declare (1)announce指正式地“公开,发表,宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感 兴趣的事情,尤指资讯之类的消息。如: The government announced that all the war prisoners would be set free. 政府宣布所有的战犯都要释放。 John announced to us his engagement to Mary. 约翰向我们宣布他和玛丽订婚的消息。(注意announce后如需接间接宾语 时,要在间接宾语前加to。) It was announced that there would be a celebration on May 4th. 据宣布,5月4日要举行一场庆祝会。 (2)declare指正式和明确地向公众“宣布、宣告、声明”,侧重“当众”发 表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。如: The two countries declared war. 那两个国家宣战了。 In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature that gave out radiation. 1898年他们宣布他们相信在自然界存在着某种能发出辐射的东西。 注意:declare后可跟复合宾语,而announce不可。如: They declared him(to be)a traitor to the country. 他们宣布他是国家的叛徒。 The chairman declared the meeting closed.主席宣布闭会。 3.ask,question,demand ask是“问、询问”的意思,日常口语中常用,所问的范围很广,较随便。 question是“询问、盘问、审问、质疑”的意思。demand侧重“弄清、了 解”某些情况,问话人往往有某种权力和职责。如: He came up to ask me the way to the Children’s Palace. 他走过来问我去少年宫怎么走。 What right have you got to question me?你有什么权力盘问我? The teacher would question us on verbs. 老师要提问我们动词。 The gatekeeper demanded the visitor’s business. 守门人问来访者有什么事。 The policeman demanded the boys’ names. 警察询问这些男孩的名字。 4.attend,join,take part in,join in,go in for,enter for,sit for 它们都可表示“参加”的意思,但用法不同。 (1)attend是正式用语,可作及物动词或不及物动词。指参加会议、仪式、 婚礼、葬礼、典礼或上课、上学、听报告等,强调的是发生这一动作的本 身,而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。如: He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要会议。 He often attends a night school.他经常去上夜校。 If they invite us,we’ll be delighted to attend. 如果他们邀请我们,我们会高兴地参加。 (2)enter for意为“报名参加某项比赛或考试等”。 He decided not to enter for the race. 他决定不报名参加比赛。 (3)join意为:become a member of...,因此其宾语往往是某组织或团体,参军、 入团、入党等。如: My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。 We’ll have to join the nation-wide strike,too. 我们也得参加这次全国性的罢工。 (4)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等,重在说明句子主语参加该项活 动并在活动中发挥作用。如: We’ll take part in social activities during summer vacation. 我们在暑假期间将参加社会活动。 注意:part前有修饰语时,要用不定冠词。如: Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制度。 (5)join(...)in指“加入……的行列一起参加某活动”。如: Almost all the teams in our school joined in the basketball tournament. 我校几乎所有的队都参加了这次篮球锦标赛。 如果要表示“加入到他人的行列一起从事某项活动”,则要用join sb.in sth.。如: Our headmaster will join us in the discussion this afternoon. 校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。 注意:参加说话人双方都清楚的活动时,in sth.可以省略。如: Come and join us,Li Lei. 李雷,快来加入我们吧。 (6)go in for指参加某项比赛、考试。如: Jack’s gone in for the long jump,but I don’t think he has a chance to win. 杰克参加跳远比赛去了,但我想他没有获胜机会。 注意:go in for 还有“从事,爱好”的意思。如: He goes in for swimming.他喜欢游泳。 (7)sit for表示“(准备)参加……的考试,为……应试”。如:

　　She sat for a scholarship but failed to win it. 她为获得奖学金而应试,但未成功。 5.become,get,turn,go

　　(1)谈到人或物的状态、外貌等的变化时,常用 become,get,turn和go,后接形 容词。总的来说,become和turn比get和go更文雅。 (2)指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化,可用become或get(后 者较通俗):become/get angry,famous,fat,ill,old,etc.生气、成名、发胖、得 病、衰老等。 become和get还都可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。 It’s becoming/getting cold/dark/cloudy,etc. 天渐渐冷了/黑了/多云了等等。 Divorce is becoming/getting more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。 (3)指某人肉体上或精神上由强转弱时,用go:go bald/deaf/insane,etc.变秃/聋 /疯等。go有时也指事物由强到弱(或由好变坏)。 The meat’s gone off/bad.肉变味了(坏了)。 The radio’s gone wrong.收音机出毛病了。 (4)go和turn可用于指人或事物的颜色变化。 She went/turned blue with cold.她冻得脸色发青。 The rotten meat went/turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。 (5)go一般不与 old,tired,ill 等连用,遇此情况要用其他连系动词。如:be- come/grow/get old 变老;fall/become ill/sick生病;get/feel tired 累了。 (6)turn后可以加年龄或时间,表示达到或超过(某年龄或时间)。如: She turned forty last June.她在刚过去的6月份满40岁。 It’s turned midnight.已经午夜了。 (7)常用的系动词还有: ①单纯表示主语特征或状态的系动词:feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等。 ②表示发生变化的连系动词,除上面之外还有:fall,drop,come,run等。 ③表示保持某种状态的连系动词有:remain,continue,stay,keep,rest,prove, turn out,stand等。 6.beat,defeat,win,gain (1)beat和defeat 二者属一组同义词,它们的宾语必须是“人(people)”或一个集体,如a team,a class,a school,an army等。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人;beat是游戏 比赛的专门用词,但它们经常被人们替换使用。如: We beat their team by 10 points.我们赢了他们队10分。 以下句子中的defeat和beat属本义用法,如将它们互换也是可以的。如: In the end their army was defeated/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击败了。 (2)gain和win gain表示获得需要之物,它常跟的宾语有one’s living,experience,strength, time,knowledge,attention,respect,admiration等;win表示在较强的竞争中取得 了胜利,它常跟的宾语有game,war,prize,fame,battle等。另外,win还可用作 不及物动词,而gain在表示“赢得”这一意思时是及物动词。如: He gained/won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. 他在1921年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。 Which side won?哪一边胜了? To gain time,I pretended that I had not heard the question. 为赢得时间,我假装没有听见这个问题。 Bill won/gained the first prize for swimming. 比尔赢得了游泳的第一枚金牌。 We wouldn’t have won without your help. 要不是因为你的帮助我们赢不了。 7.beat,strike,hit,tap beat着重连续性地击打或体罚,也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;strike 通常表示打一下,打若干下等意思,不一定都是有意的;hit指“打中”或 “对准……来打”,着重敲打或打击对方的某一点;tap一般是轻轻拍打的 意思。如: The wheat was beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨水打倒了。 He used to beat her black and blue. 他以前常把她打得青一块紫一块的。 The mother hit her son out of anger. 妈妈生气,打了她儿子一下。     It(An ant)strikes a cow bug’s back with its forelegs and feelers.它(蚂蚁)用前 腿和触角敲打蚜虫的背部。 It(An ant)taps on the other’s head with its feelers. 它(蚂蚁)用触角轻敲对方的头部。     8.catch,grab,grasp,seize,snatch catch 是普通用语,有“设法抓住、捉住”的意思;grab表示“突然地、粗鲁 地抓住某物”;grasp表示牢牢地“抓住”;seize指“突然用力抓住使不逃 脱”;snatch表示迅速的拉扯动作、出其不意地“抓取”。如: I caught him by the ear.我揪住他的耳朵。 He grabbed her arm and pulled her out of the fire. 他抓住她的胳膊把她从大火中拉了出来。 He grasped his gun and rushed out.他抓住枪就冲了出去。 Then with that man’s permission and even with his help,he seized her and took her away. 后来,在那个人许可甚至帮助下,他抓住她并把她带走了。 He made a dive for the rejected clothing and began to snatch it this way and that... 他冲向那堆不要的衣服,翻来翻去…… 9.speak,talk,say,tell

　　(1)以上四个词中,speak,talk为不及物动词,但speak后加语言名称作宾语时 为及物动词。speak 强调单方的“说”或“讲”,而talk强调双方“交谈”, 表示“同某人谈论某事”。常用搭配:speak to/with sb.about sth.;talk to/with sb.about sth.。如: Please speak more slowly.请说慢一点。 I spoke to/with the chairman about my idea. 我跟主席说了我的想法。 He can speak English quite well.他的英语说得非常好。 What are they talking about?他们在谈论什么? (2)say,tell可作及物动词,say 强调说话内容,tell 表示“告诉”,可接双宾 语。常用搭配say sth.to sb.;tell sb.sth.(=tell sth.to sb.);tell sb.to do sth.。如: Did you say anything(to him)?你(对他)说了些什么? He said(that)he wanted to go.他说他想去。 I told him my name.我把名字告诉了他。 He told his parents the good news./He told the good news to his parents.他把 这个好消息告诉了他父母。 另外,tell与介词 from 连用表示“区分、辨别”,常与情态动词can,be able to连用。如: I cannot tell which is which.我分不清哪个是哪个。 Can you tell true friends from false ones? 你能分清真假朋友吗? (3)say强调说话内容,但主语未必是人,黑板、药瓶、书信、符号等都可以 作其主语,意为give(information or instructions)。如: (6)He was caught in the rain.(=be stuck in)被困扰 Her skirt got caught in the door.(=be hooked in)被钩住 (7)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd.看见 10.clear (1)She made it clear that she would support Australia.清楚,明白,明确

　　(2)After the storm the sky cleared.晴朗起来

　　(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment.收走 How can we clear away these doubts?消除 (4)The weather has cleared up;we can go out.晴朗起来 You’ll have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.整理,收拾 11.compare (1)Car production rose by 25%,compared to/with the first 3 months of this year.和……相比 Compared to/with many women,she was indeed very fortunate. (2)Compare this with that,and you will see which is better.把……和……相比 (3)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.把……比作…… 12.cover (1)They covered 12 miles yesterday.走完(一段路程) How many pages have you covered?看完(多少页书) The city covered ten square miles.有(多大面积) The professor’s talk covered the subject.谈到,涉及

　　The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games.报道,采访 (2)The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.覆盖着……

　　13.cut

　　(1)cut off切断,切下来;cut out戒掉,不吃;cut in插嘴;cut up切碎;a short cut捷 径 (2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area.砍掉 George is trying to cut his weight down.削减,减少 (3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.锯断,剪 断,凿穿 14.deal I’d rather deal with a man than a woman.Women are sharp.和……打交道

　　I’m used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理 This book deals with questions on politics.论述,谈论 What shop do you deal with?和……做买卖 15.die (1)As a result,many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease. die of死于……(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因)

　　die of illness/a fever/hunger/sadness

　　die from死于……(除疾病或情感以外的原因)

　　die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit (2)Ronny’s steps had died away/down,and there was a moment of silence.(指 风、声、光)消逝

　　The wind has died away/down again.平息

　　(3)This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.灭绝, 不复存在 (4)I’m dying for something to eat.(=have a strong desire for sth.)极想,渴望 16.do (1)—I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English. —No,you’re doing fine.(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好)

　　I’m happy in my work in the garden.I’m doing well. Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?行,够,合适,可以,凑合 Please do up these books and post them for Mr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆

　　(2)Let’s do up this room first.整理,收拾 Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮

　　(3)They tried to do away with slavery.废除 (4)do one’s hair做头发;do the room打扫房间;do wrong to sb.使某人受委 屈;do business做生意,做买卖;do right做得好;do wrong做错事,做坏事

　　(5)have something/nothing/anything/a lot to do with 与……有些/没有/有什 么/有很大关系 17.end (1)Even if none of these is true for us today,it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability.以……告终 We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.以……而结束

　　(2)If you drive your car like that,you’ll end up in hospital.最后(有某种结 局),最后(成了) The politician finally ended up his speech.结束 (3)The match ended in a win for us.以……告终,结果……

　　(4)It rained for three days on end.(=continuously)连续地

　　(5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior.结束,制止

　　(6)The meeting came to an end at last.结束 18.fall

　　(1)We can’t afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new technolo- gy.落后 (2)She has fallen in love with him/the dress.爱上,喜欢上 (3)Where does the plan fall down?(=fail or to be ineffective)失败,不起作用 (4)This topic falls naturally into three sections.(=be divided into)被分成 (5)I am quite happy to fall in with you/your suggestions.(=agree with or to)赞 同 19.fix (1)fix(on)a time for sth.约定时间干某事

　　Let’s fix a time for discussion. They’ve fixed the time and date for the party. (2)fix one’s eyes on/upon注视 He fixed his eyes on the clock. (3)fix one’s attention on注意

　　(4)fix做(饭),沏(茶),修理,整理

　　fix supper/fix tea/fix the broken machine 20.follow You should follow the rules of the lab when you’re doing experiments.遵循,听从,依照……行事

　　The child follows her mother about all day long.跟随

　　Follow this road until you get to the church.沿着……(走) May follows April.接着发生,跟着到来

　　Do you follow what I’m saying?听懂,理解 21.get (1)The operator finally got me through.给……接通电话

　　He has got through $1,000 in less than a year.用完 John has got through the examination.通过 I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work.做完 (2)The story has got round—everybody knows about it.消息传开 (3)My work is getting along better now.进展,进行 (4)She didn’t get away until nine last night.走开,离开 (5)Now he was dead,and I could not get away from my sadness.摆脱 (6)He got down and began to pray.跪下,弯腰 (7)Don’t you think it’s time we got down to business?开始认真做某事 (8)At what time do you get off(from) work?下(班) (9)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.克服,摆脱(某 种情绪) 22.give (1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.送给,分发 They suspected(怀疑)that the secret had been given away by one of their friends.泄露(机密) (2)I hope the holiday will give him back his good spirits.恢复健康(精神) (3)He has given in to my views.向……让步,投降

　　(4)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.散发出 (5)He gave his life to the study of art.把生命献给……

　　(6)Please give my regards/greetings/love/wishes/thanks to Miss Smith.代…… 向……问好(表示喜欢、祝愿、谢意) (7)The teacher gave out the examination papers.分发 It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly.宣布

　　The cowboy gave out a yell.发出(声音) After two days our food gave out,and we had to return to the camp.被用完

　　The swimmer gave out after ten laps.(人)体力不支 (8)Billy kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally gave way.妥协,屈从

　　(9)I’ve given up smoking.放弃,中止 23.go (1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.违背 (2)—How is everything going? —Things are going very well.进行,进展

　　The engine went beautifully.运转 How does the old saying go?说 The black hair was going grey.变得 That is to say,the doctor’s been gone two hours and thirteen minutes.不在,走 了 (3)Go ahead;we’re all listening.开始(做某事) Work is going ahead.进行,进展

　　—May I start? —Yes,go ahead.表“同意” (4)News of the plane crash went around like wildlife.传开 (5)Time went by quickly.过去,经过

　　(6)Shares have gone down again by ten points.(价格等)下跌,(温度等)下降

　　(7)She had no time to go deeply into the matter just then.调查,了解,研究

　　(8)What is going on out there?发生,(活动)进行 (9)Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them?相配,和 ……交朋友

　　(10)When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two, they begin to feel bad.不吃,不用

　　(11)Let me have a go at fixing it.试一试

　　(12)My family goes back to 300 years ago,while his family goes back to the 15 th century.追溯到 He always likes to go back to his younger days.回顾 (13)Go over your work before you hand it in.仔细检查,反复研究,仔细琢磨 (14)He doesn’t go in for team games.对某事有兴趣,爱好 24.hand (1)When he writes,he always keeps a dictionary at hand.在手边,在跟前

　　The examinations are at hand.就要到来了,不远了

　　(2)My shoes were made by hand.手工的

　　(3)Could you give me a hand with this parcel?帮一下忙 (4)This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.传下来,传给

　　(5)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.发给,散发 (6)The thief was handed over to the police.移交 (7)on the one hand...on the other(=on the other hand)... 一方面……另一方面 …… (8)hand in上交 25.hold (1)She held back,not knowing what to do or say.犹豫不决 (2)Don’t hold anything back;you must tell me everything.隐瞒,不公布 If they hadn’t held him back,he would have beaten you.阻碍,阻止

　　(3)I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.坚持(下去) You should hold on to your oil share.不送或不卖(某物) (4)He asked me to hold on while he left the telephone to find a pencil.别挂(电 话) (5)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?坚持(抵抗),顶住(压力) (6)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.举起 A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽搁,使停顿 (7)hold office任职;hold one’s position担任某个职位 (8)hold:keep sb./sth.in a particular manner or position使某人或某物处于某种状态或位置 Please hold yourself still while I take your photograph.保持不动

　　He held a cigarette between his lips.叼着 (9)They held their heads up and walked into the hall.趾高气扬     26.keep (1)Will this meat keep fresh until tomorrow?保持 (2)He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.不沾,避开,不接近

　　(3)The Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.保 持一定距离

　　(4)He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back.隐瞒(不讲) Finally,he did not give her the right change,but kept back five pounds.扣留 (5)You have to be home by 11 o’clock.Keep that in mind,Bob.记在心里

　　(6)Keep off the grass.勿踩,勿踏 I hope the rain keeps off.(雨、雪)暂时停止 (7)He didn’t stop running.He just kept on.继续(干),坚持(干) Keep on until you reach the traffic lights.继续前进 (8)They have shut the door and meant to keep us out.不要进来 (9)You should keep out of these things.不牵涉进去 (10)I hope such fine weather will keep up.继续(下去),持续(下去) We’ve kept up our friendship for over twenty years.保持 The good news keeps up our spirits.保持 (11)I can’t keep up with all the changes.(与……)齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上 27.look (1)As I look back upon those years,I am struck by Annie’s wisdom.回顾,回 想

　　(2)I’ve been looking into this matter this afternoon.调查 (3)Two men were fighting.The rest were looking on.旁观 (4)When you’re eating fish,look out for bones.当心,小心

　　We’ve been looking out for a new house,but the ones we’ve seen are all too expensive.留心找 (5)Look up the word in the dictionary.查寻,查找

　　I want to look my uncle up sometime.看望,拜访 (6)She looked through her notes before the examination.浏览 28.make (1)make good use of/make full use of充分利用

　　We should make good/full use of water to produce electricity. (2)He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points.提出政治观 点

　　(3)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.使收支相抵

　　(4)After years as an unsuccessful businessman,he’s finally made it.成功 (5)Can you make out what that object is on the other side of the valley?弄清 楚,看出

　　It isn’t difficult to make out his ideas.理解,明白

　　(6)The explanation in the schoolbook makes no sense,because the words are hard.讲不通,没意义,不能被理解 Can you make sense of what he says?理解 (7)We must make the most of the fine weather.充分利用 (8)The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon. 编造

　　The actors were making up when we arrived.打扮

　　(9)Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick by studying very hard.弥补

　　(10)The team is made up of nine players.由……组成 (11)Is that the right time?I made it later.估计

　　He’s making three hundred dollars a week.赚得,赢得 He’ll make a good lawyer.(有条件)成为

　　I think I could make it 8:30 if that’s all right for you.定在(某时间) 29.mean

　　(1)Smoke usually means fire.意味着

　　Your friendship means a great deal to me.有意义,有价值 But I don’t believe he means any harm.有……意图

　　(2)His parents meant him for a teacher.准备让……干某工作 This picture is meant for me.打算给(谁) This room was meant for the workers’ reading room.打算(做什么用) (3)What do you mean by coming here this morning?你……是什么意思? 30.meet (1)It takes 80 years for Mediterranean water to be changed with Atlantic water, as there is one narrow entrance where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic.与 ……汇合 The house stands where three roads meet.汇合 In order to meet his expenses,he had to do extra work at night.满足 To join the army,one must meet certain physical standards.符合(要求) A policeman could meet danger any minute of his working day.碰到,遭到

　　(2)In the woods,he met with two strangers.遇见,碰到 31.operate (1)The lift was not operating properly.(机器)开动,(工厂)开工

　　The medicine operated quickly.起作用 The company operates two factories.管理(工厂) (2)He operated on the baby’s throat and saved its life.给……动手术 32.pay (1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.参观

　　(2)It’s high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me.偿还

　　(3)How much did you pay for the book?为……而付款

　　(4)I’ll pay off my debt with this check.还清 Did your plan pay off?成功 (5)It pays to invest in protective clothing.收益,得到好处 33.pick (1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him.拾起 He has picked up some bad habits in that club.沾染 He picked up Chinese while he was staying in Beijing.(非正式)学到 Pick me up at the hotel.接(人) This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理,收拾 The class picked up the story where they had left it.继续讲(故事等) We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收

　　The weather may pick up.好转 His spirits picked up.(精神)振奋 (2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see?挑选 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?认出 34.put (1)John puts ten dollars aside every week.存储,留下 He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them.放下, 放在一边 Put aside all that has happened and try to start again.搁在一边,不予考虑

　　(2)Put your books away.收起来

　　(3)Put the dictionary back on the shelf.放回原处

　　The meeting has been put back until next week.(=put off)推迟 Put the clock back by five minutes.拨慢 (4)Put the clock forward by five minutes.拨快 Are you serious about putting forward such a view?提出

　　(5)He put out the lamp and went out.使熄灭,扑灭 The company puts out 13 new machines every month.生产,出版

　　(6)put into effect执行,实现;put into force使生效;put into practice实施,付诸 实施;put on weight增加体重;put one’s heart into全心全意干某事;put sb. through接通电话;put to bed安顿某人睡觉;put to use加以利用;put up with忍 受,容忍

　　(7)I just didn’t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.给某人 添麻烦 35.refer If you don’t know how to pronounce the word,refer to the dictionary.查阅,参 阅 He referred to the matter once or twice.提到,谈到

　　The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends.被提到 What I have to say refers to all of you.涉及 The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy.指的是

　　He referred his success to his good teacher.归功于 36.run (1)The buses run until after twelve.(车辆等)行驶

　　Will the color in this dress run if I wash it?褪色 The machine ran continuously for eight days.运转 The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.流 For several miles the road runs across a plain.(道路等)延伸,延续

　　They run most of the stores here.管理,经营

　　The chairman ran the meeting well.主持 (2)He is running for governor.竞选

　　(3)If you run after two hares,you will catch neither.追赶 (4)She hit the child and ran away.走掉,跑掉

　　(5)All our supply of food has run out.被用完

　　(6)We ran out of coal,and had to burn wood.用完

　　(7)I ran over a rabbit this morning.(车辆)撞倒并碾过

　　(8)Run through this article and tell me what you think of it.匆忙看一遍 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 课标卷外研版 英语 语法专练八　动词和动词词组 高频考点一　后面不能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组往往相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。常见的有 “动词+副词”搭配构成的动词词组,这类副词有:away,along,back,down, in,off,on,out,up等;“动词+名词”构成的动词词组:make sense,lose courage,lose heart,take action,take measures,take place,take charge等。 典例    (2017安徽,28)The athlete’s years of hard training paid    when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

　　考点清单  答案　off  解析　句意:当这名运动员最后夺得奥运金牌的时候,她多年的刻苦训练 得到了回报。pay off:(of a risky policy,course of action,etc.)bring good re- sults,be successful,work(尤指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果,成功,行 得通,得到回报。 高频考点二　后面能跟宾语的动词词组 该类动词词组往往相当于一个及物动词。该类词组常考的有:add up to, add to,break in/into,bring up,call off,carry out,find out,give away,point out, put off,put out,put up,pick up,take off,take in,take on,turn up,work out,get away from,get down to,live up to,look forward to,run out of,put up with, come up with,hold on to,make room for,take advantage of,take notice of, take care of等。 典例    (2017浙江,19)How could you turn    such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?

　　 答案　down  解析　句意:在你已经失业好几个月的时候,你怎么会拒绝这样一份绝好 的工作呢?turn down意为“拒绝”。 知识清单　中学阶段的重点动词及动词词组归纳 1.add (1)If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.把……加到……上面 Five added to five is/makes 10. (2)The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.增加 (3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year.加起来总共 (4)Add up the numbers,and you will get 1155.把……加起来

　　知识清单 2.agree (1)agree on就……达成共识 (2)agree to do sth.同意做某事 (3)agree to the plan/decision/arrangement同意 (4)I don’t agree with you/what you said/your advice.同意

　　The climate here doesn’t agree with me.食物、天气等适合某人

　　Your story agrees with what I have already heard.和……一致 3.break (1)I am sorry that I broke my promise.违背,违反

　　break one’s word(=promise)/break the law/break the rule (2)His health broke.(身体或精神)垮了 (3)He broke away from all his old friends.断绝来往,脱离 I should break away from such habits.改掉(习惯) (4)All our plans broke down.(计划、谈判等)失败 The peace talks have broken down. Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(=became very bad)被搞垮, 垮掉

　　Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解

　　The telephone system has broken down.(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉 (5)The thieves planned to break into a bank.闯入,破门进入 (6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.爆发 (7)After midnight,the party broke up.散(会) (8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.分开 The crowd broke up.分开,分散 (9)broken English蹩脚英语 (10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police. 突破 4.bring (1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents.引起,造成 She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.实现 (2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches.使倒下 bring down prices降低价格 (3)The sale brought in over $200.赚得 (4)Dirt often brings on disease.引起 The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.使成长更快,使提高 (5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?讲解清楚 (6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.抚养 He was so ill that he brought up everything.呕吐 (7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers.(和各种名词连 用)使进入某种状态 (8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.提出

　　They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.提前,提早 5.call (1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government.要求 I will call for you at five o’clock.来找某人 We called for the packages at the post office.来取某物 (2)I formed the habit of calling in on him/calling in at his office in the after- noon.顺便拜访 (3)Your father is ill.You should call in a doctor at once.找来,请来 The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths.召集 (4)People don’t like being called names. 骂人 (5)They’ve called off the game because of the thick fog.取消 (6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him.请/叫(某人做某事) (7)I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.号召 (8)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent in- crease in prices.引起……的注意 (9)call sb.up;give sb.a call;make a call(a long-distance call)打电话 (10)call sth.up使想起,使回忆起 6.carry (1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.进行

　　One person should carry on where the other had left off.进行下去

　　(2)I was chosen to carry out our experiment.进行 He did not carry out his promise to us.履行 (3)The work is tough,but she is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth. successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现 7.come

　　(1)How come that you didn’t get here in time?(用于引申意义)发生某情况

　　(2)He came to realize that he was mistaken.表示动作逐渐变化的过程

　　(3)My dream has come true.变成现实

　　(4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States.即将到来的

　　(5)How did the accident come about?发生 (6)I came across(came upon/ran across) this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue.(无意中)碰到,发现 He came suddenly across an idea.(无意中)想到 (7)He just asked me to come (a)round for supper.到这儿来 (8)Come along/on!Arthur,we can’t wait all day!快点 Come along!Someone must know the answer to my question.快说 (9)This paper comes out every Friday.出版 I think the roses will come out next week.开花,发芽 I came out first in the examination.考试结果……,考第……名

　　(10)The bill comes to $5.总计 When it comes to mathematics,I know nothing about it.谈到,涉及 (11)The robbery did not come to light until the next day.被发现,被大家知道

　　(12)The question hasn’t come up yet.被提出

　　He came up with an idea.提出

　　(13)come to oneself苏醒过来;come to an end结束;come into effect(force)生 效;come to a conclusion(decision)得出结论(作出决定);come into being(exis- tence)开始存在,建立,产生;come into power开始执政 8.care (1)I don’t care what they say.I shall go on just the same.在乎,在意

　　(2)If you care to hear it,I will tell it to you.愿意

　　(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money.He was seen using a cheque for $l,50 0 as a bookmark.喜欢

　　Would you care for a cup of coffee?(=Would you like...?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/ 要……吗? The mother cared for the sick child day and night.照顾,照料 (4)He cared about money.喜欢 The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didn’t care about his students.关心 (5)In this way,we could give them timely medical care.医疗护理 9.catch (1)catch fire(=to start burning)着火 (2)catch one’s breath缓口气,歇口气 (3)That car caught his eye/attention.引起注意 (4)The police caught him stealing a car.(=to discover suddenly and by surprise especially when someone is doing something bad)撞见,突然发现 (5)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引 考点清单 知识清单 栏目索引