美国习惯用语-第229讲:Sacred Cow/Dark Horse
在这次节目里,我们要给大家介绍的习惯用语都是跟动物有关,但是这些动物你在动物园里恐怕是找不到的。我们首先要给大家讲的是:Sacred cow. Sacred是神圣的意思,cow就是一头牛。Sacred cow从字面上来解释,它的意思是:神圣的牛。Sacred cow这个说法是本世纪初来自印度。在印度,牛是神圣的,它们可以在马路上大摇大摆地走,即便影响交通也没有人敢碰它们,因为印度古代的宗教习惯是保护它们的。但是,作为习惯用语,sacred cow是指某个人,或某样东西,从来没有受到批评或嘲笑,即便在应该批评的时候也没有人敢这样做,就像印度的牛一样。当然,每个国家都有自己神圣的牛。美国政界就有很多这样不能碰的东西。下面就是一例。
例句1: One of our biggest sacred cows is the national social security program which pays many older Americans a pension. This program costs more money every year. But politicians are afraid to touch it because older folks have a lot of votes.
这句话的意思是:我们最神圣不可侵犯的项目之一就是为美国老年人提供退休金的全国社会保障计划。这个计划的费用每年都在增加。但是,政界人士都不敢碰它,因为老年人有很多选票。
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神圣不可侵犯的事情不仅每个国家有,而且恐怕每个人都有。下面这个例句是说一个非常注意身体健康的人。
例句2: Laura takes great care of her health. She\'s been very careful about what she eats and spends an hour every morning doing exercises. This has become her sacred cow - nothing can change her schedule rain or shine.
这句话是说:劳拉非常注意自己的身体健康,她对她吃的东西非常小心。她还每天早上化一小时来锻炼身体。这已经成为她神圣不可侵犯的活动了,什么事都不能改变她的日程,真是雷打不动。
许多美国人很注意身体锻炼,有的是为了健康,还有不少是为了减肥,保持身材。有的公司就有健身房,工作人员可以抽空去锻炼。有的人参加离家比较近的健身房,下了班或周末去锻炼。
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刚才我们讲了一个跟牛有关的习惯用语,sacred cow,下面我们再来讲一个跟马有关的习惯用语。Dark horse. Dark就是暗的,或者是暗黑的,horse就是一匹马。Dark horse并不是一匹颜色暗黑的马。作为习惯用语,dark horse是指一匹没有名气的赛马,但是有的时候,它却会出人意料地获胜。这是dark horse的原来意思。现在,资讯界经常在政治性的报导中用这个习惯用语来指一个原来毫无名气的政界人士,但是他突然出面参加竞选,跟有名气的竞选人竞争。在一般情况下,dark horse往往是落选的,但是也不一定,就像下面这个例子一样:
例句3: Our congressman had been in Washington 20 years and thought we\'d keep voting for him forever. This year, though, the other party nominated a dark horse out of nowhere. He kept telling voters it was time for a change and he won the election.
这人说:我们的国会议员已经在华盛顿二十年了,他以为我们会永远投他的票。然而,今年另一个党提名了一个不知从那儿冒出来的人,谁也不认识他。他不断地告诉选民,现在是进行改变的时候了。结果他当选了。
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下面一个例子是一个选民在评论几个竞选州长的候选人。
例句4: People tend to elect candidates who have big names. But after listening to the new candidate\'s speech, I think he makes a lot of sense. I\'m going to vote for him even though he\'s a dark horse.
这个人说:人们倾向于投那些名气大的候选人的票。但是,听了那个新候选人的讲话,我认为在一些问题上,他很有道理。尽管他没有名气,我准备投他的票,也许他能改变一些现状。
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