第十六单元 推展段落方法之八分类法
16.1分类法
分类法(division and classification)是把一事物拆成几部分,表明这些部分与整体的关系。通常,作者以总类开头,然后把总类拆开,列举部分或全部分类。
示范段落16-1
There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library.First,there are books on all subjects,both in English and in many other languages.These books are organized according to subject,title,and author in a central filing system called card catalog.Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks.Second,there are reference materials,which include encyclopedias,dictionaries,bibliographies,atlases,etc.and which generally must be used in the library itself.Third,there are periodicalsmagazines,news-papers,pamphletswhich are filed alphbetically in racks or which have been micro-filmed to conserve space.Like reference works,periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.
16.2示范段落分析
主题句:There are three basic kinds of materials that can be foundin any good library.
分类词(Classifier):kinds
列举词(Listing Signals):first,second,third
分类(Categories):1.books on all subjects
2.reference materials
3.periodicals
16.2关于如何写分类段落的建议
1)依据一个原则分类
把一事物分类后,要自始至终遵循同一分类原则。在示范段落16-1,分类原则是the kinds of materials。
2)所分类别必须互不包容
在示范段落16-1中,属于第一类的books on all subjects与属于第二类的reference materials界线分明。反之亦然。
3)分类必须完整
如果所分类别不完整,所作的分类则徒劳无益。如上例,所分三种materials应包括all materials in a library。
4)运用熟悉度方法排列
作者经常根据该读者对所分类别的熟悉程度排列顺序。通常先讨论读者最熟悉的,然后逐步讨论不熟悉的(关于熟悉度法见第19单元)。
5)使用分类词和列举符号
有经验的作者经常使用类词介绍概类,然后使用列举符号表明概类中的各分类。在示范段落16-1中,类词是kind,列举符号是first,second,third,下面是经常使用的类词:
kind,type,group,thought,way,class,part,element,factor,aspect,division,characteristic,subdivision,reasons,category,等等。
Exercise 16-1
Directions:Read the following paragraph,find out the topic sentence,the classifier,and the categories.
There are three fundamental human body typesendomorphic,mesomorphic,and ectomorphic.The extreme endomorph combines heavy fat distribution and lack of bony angularity with around face,short neck,wide hips,and heavy limbs.The extreme mesomorph has a solid chest,slender waist,long torso,and relatively short,powerful arms and legs.Extreme ectomorphs are characterized by their slender bodies,short trunks,long arms and legs,long narrow hands and feet,and lack of fat.
Topic Sentence:____________________________________________
Classifier:_____________
Categories:________________________________________________
Exercise 16-2
Directions:Divide the books college students often read into three kinds and describe them one by one.
Exercise 16-3
Directions:Write a paragraph of division and catagory with the given topic sentence and details.
Topic sentence:A language is made up of many elements
Details:1.sounds 2.words 3.sentences
体坛英语资讯:Pacers hire Krauskopf as leagues first female assistant general manager
国内英语资讯:China unveils follow-up lunar exploration missions
国内英语资讯:China Focus: China, Finland vow to write new chapter in bilateral ties
国际英语资讯:France offers 1.15 bln USD loan to Iraq for reconstruction
体坛英语资讯:Real Madrid win, but booed off again
国内英语资讯:Beijings new airport to be surrounded by forest
双语阅读:睡前一小时不要看手机!国外专家这么说...
逃离沙特的女子得到加拿大庇护
国内英语资讯:Economists upbeat about Chinas economy
体坛英语资讯:Europes top clubs in battle to sign Werner, Havertz
国际英语资讯:Search for two crew of crashed French Mirage fighter jet continues
体坛英语资讯:Shaqiri scores twice to send Liverpool back to top, Arsenal beaten by Southampton
国际英语资讯:Yemens Houthi rebels fire ballistic missile at Saudi military base
国际英语资讯:Most Americans blame Trump, Republicans for partial govt shutdown: poll
Learn to Swim 学习游泳
国内英语资讯:Xinhua Headlines: Ready! Sino-European nuclear power unit to fuel global fusion
体坛英语资讯:Warriors stars Iguodala, Livingston set to play game against Grizzlies
学会这9点,才能说自己成熟
雄安新区将率先进行5G网络的部署
体坛英语资讯:Jesus scores twice to help City back top to Premier League
体坛英语资讯:Chinese womens footballer Wang scores in PSGs 7-1 rout of Metz
体坛英语资讯:Leipzig, Frankfurt secure victories in German Bundesliga
体坛英语资讯:Chinas Shi Tingmao awarded FINA Best Female Diver of 2018
减重就能拿学分? 天津大学出新招倡导学生健康减肥!
国际英语资讯:Tunisian president says democratic transition still not safe
国内英语资讯:China to advance poverty alleviation in health care
国际英语资讯:UN envoy visits southern Libya for 1st time
体坛英语资讯:Fujian end Beijings 13-game winning streak
体坛英语资讯:Anfield defeat hammers home differences between Liverpool and Manchester United
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: Belt and Road Cooperation Research Center inaugurated in Cairo
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |